ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5805-0479
Current Organisation
LONDON BRIDGE ASSOCIATES LTD.
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Publications
Development of a Novel Quantitative Risk Assessment Tool for UK Road Tunnels
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/FIRE6020065
Abstract: Some of the most critical transportation infrastructures are road tunnels. Underground passageways for motorists are provided through this cost-effective engineering solution, which allows for high traffic volumes. A crucial aspect of the operation of road tunnels is fire safety. Risk assessments have been established to ensure the level of safety in tunnels. As the existing quantitative risk analysis (QRA) models are inapplicable to assess the fire risk in UK road tunnels, this paper presents a novel QRA model, named LBAQRAMo, for UK road tunnels. This model consists of two main sections: quantitative frequency analysis, to estimate the frequency of fire incidents via an event tree and quantitative consequences analysis, to model the consequences of fire incidents. LBAQRAMo covers the risk to tunnel users. The result of the risk analysis is the expected value of the societal risk of the investigated tunnel, presented via F/N curve. Another major result of this model is the estimation of the number of fatalities for each scenario based on the comparison between required safe egress time (RSET) and available safe egress time (ASET). Risk evaluation was carried out by comparison of the tunnel under study with the UK ALARP limit. The operation of the model is demonstrated by its application to the Gibraltar Airport Tunnel as a case study. Simulation of 34 different possible scenarios show that the tunnel is safe for use. The sensitivity of the model to HGV fire incident frequency and basic pre-movement times was studied as well.
Numerical Simulation of the Evacuation Process in a Tunnel during Contraflow Traffic Operations
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-12-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SYM13122392
Abstract: The purpose of this numerical research is to assess the evacuation process in a tunnel under the contraflow condition. Numerical simulations utilizing FDS+Evac codes associated with a fire dynamic simulator (FDS) model simulating a fire scenario are used to simulate evacuation and to predict the impact of a 100 MW fire scenario on the occupants inside the tunnel. Traffic and passenger conditions are based on real data from a tunnel in the UK. Two fire loads, 100 MW and 5 MW, are studied to represent an HGV and a passenger car fire. The 100 MW fire source, caused by an unexpected heavy good vehicle (HGV) catching fire, is located in the middle of the tunnel and at 20% of tunnel length to study the effect of fire source location on the usage of emergency exits and tenability thresholds. The dimensions and the inclination angle of the existing roadway tunnel are 1836 m (L) × 7.3 m (W) × 5 m (H) and 4%, respectively. It should be noted that the 4% inclination of the tunnel causes asymmetry propagation of smokes thus the visibility of the downstream and upstream from the fire behave differently. The maximum needed time to evacuate using all egress, the amount of fractional effective dose and visibility at the human’s height are analyzed. Simulation results indicate that when a realistic worst-case fire scenario is modeled, all evacuees can survive before the combustion gases and heat influence their survivability.
Correction: Haddad, R.K.; Harun, Z. Development of a Novel Quantitative Risk Assessment Tool for UK Road Tunnels. Fire 2023, 6, 65
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/FIRE6040157
Abstract: In the original publication [...]
Critical Velocity and Backlayering Conditions in Rail Tunnel Fires: State-of-the-Art Review
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-05-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/3510245
Abstract: The use of interurban and urban trains has become the preferred choice for millions of daily commuters around the world. Despite the huge public investment for train technology and mayor rail infrastructure (e.g., tunnels), train safety is still a subject of concern. The work described herein reviews the state of the art on research related to critical velocity and backlayering conditions in tunnel fires. The review on backlayering conditions includes the effect of blockages, inclination, and the location of the fire source. The review herein focuses on experimental and theoretical research, although it excludes research studies using numerical modeling. Many studies have used scaled tunnel structures for experimental testing nevertheless, there are various scaling challenges associated with these studies. For ex le, very little work has been done on flame length, fire source location, and the effect of more than one blockage, and how results on scaled experiments represent the behaviour at real-scale. The review sheds light on the current hazards associated with fires in rail tunnels.
Related Organisations
LONDON BRIDGE ASSOCIATES LTD.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Shahid Bahonar University Of Kerman
Location: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Razieh Khaksari Haddad.