ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5326-9703
Current Organisations
The University of Western Australia School of Population and Global Health
,
University of Melbourne
,
University of Western Australia
,
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
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Statistical Mechanics in Chemistry | Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences |
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-08-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1177/10556656211036618
Abstract: To describe patterns and demographic characteristics of total-population hospital admissions with a diagnosis of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) in Australia. Population summary data for inpatient hospitals admissions (public and private) with a principal diagnosis of TCS (ICD10-AM-Q87.04) were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Hospital Morbidity Database for a 11-year period (2002-2013). The primary outcome was hospital separation rate (HSR), calculated by iding the number of hospital separations by estimated resident population per year. Trends in HSR s adjusted for age and sex were investigated by negative binomial regression presented as annual percent change and the association of rates with age and sex was expressed as incidence rate ratio. In 244 admissions identified, we observed an increase of 4.55% (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.78, 11.29) in HSR's over the 11-year period. Rates were higher during infancy (1.87 [95% CI 1.42, 2.42]), declining markedly with increasing age. The average length of hospital stay was 6.09 days (95% CI 5.78, 6.40) per episode, but longer for females and infants. Findings indicate an increase in hospitalization rates, especially among infants and females which potentially relates to early airway intervention procedures possibly influenced by sex specific-disease severity and phenotypic variability of TCS. Awareness of the TCS phenotype and improved access to genetic testing may support more personalized and efficient care. Total-population administrative data offers a potential to better understand the health burden of rare craniofacial diseases.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-2019
Abstract: We present direct, real-time observations of emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in highly frustrated artificial spin ice.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00784-017-2102-6
Abstract: To determine the association between maternal tobacco use or exposure, presence of variant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) gene, and the occurrence of oral clefts. The present case control study was carried out for 5 months in three tertiary government hospitals in Chennai city with a s le of 100 children (50 children with non syndromic cleft and 50 control) aged 0-24 months. The details of maternal risk factors during the period of gestation were recorded from case and control parents through a pre-validated questionnaire, following which blood s les from 92 children (46 case and 46 controls) based on consent were obtained and evaluated for TGFA gene polymorphism. A significant number of case mothers (48%) were exposed to secondhand smoke during the period of gestation than their control counterparts (24%) (P = 0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.46 (95% CI = 0.99-6.08). Electrophoresis of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) product revealed the presence of the homozygous C1C1 allele in all the tested 92 s les with no homozygous C2C2 allele or heterozygous C1C2 allele. The present study has highlighted the role of passive smoking in the causation of non syndromic oral clefts in a developing country like India however, the involvement of TGFA in causing the same disease in an ethnically Dravidian Indian population is uncertain. The study has brought into forth the role of passive smoking in the development of oral clefts thereby warranting an effective public health policy to tackle the same.
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2022
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-07-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS12635
Abstract: Electric charge screening is a fundamental principle governing the behaviour in a variety of systems in nature. Through reconfiguration of the local environment, the Coulomb attraction between electric charges is decreased, leading, for ex le, to the creation of polaron states in solids or hydration shells around proteins in water. Here, we directly visualize the real-time creation and decay of screened magnetic charge configurations in a two-dimensional artificial spin ice system, the dipolar dice lattice. By comparing the temperature dependent occurrence of screened and unscreened emergent magnetic charge defects, we determine that screened magnetic charges are indeed a result of local energy reduction and appear as a transient minimum energy state before the system relaxes towards the predicted ground state. These results highlight the important role of emergent magnetic charges in artificial spin ice, giving rise to screened charge excitations and the emergence of exotic low-temperature configurations.
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2017
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-08-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-02-2022
DOI: 10.1177/10556656221074215
Abstract: To describe trends, age, and sex-specific patterns of population hospital admissions with a diagnosis of craniosynostosis (CS) in Australia. Population data for hospital separations (in-patient) from public and private hospitals (July 1996-June 2018) were obtained from the publicly available Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Hospital Morbidity Database. The outcome variables were hospital separation rates (HSR) (number of hospital separations ided by the estimated resident population [ERP] per year) and average length of stay (aLOS) (patient days ided by the number of hospital separations) with a diagnosis of CS. Trends in HSR and aLOS adjusted for age, sex, and type of CS were investigated by negative binomial regression presented as annual percent change (APC). In 8057 admissions identified, we observed no significant change in the annual trend for HSR for the 22-year period. However, a marginal annual decrease of 1.6% (95% CI: -0.7, -2.4) in the aLOS was identified for the same time period. HSR were higher for males, infants, and single suture synostosis. aLOS was 3.8 days (95% CI: 3.8, 3.9) per visit, longer for syndromic conditions. There was a minor reduction in the average length of hospital stay for CS over the 22-year period potentially indicative of improved care. Population-level information on hospitalisations for rare craniofacial conditions can inform research, clinical, and surgical practice.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1CP05316G
Abstract: For a system at equilibrium the phase space density is time invariant. We determine what distribution, if any, is preserved by various dynamics.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41431-022-01163-1
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of factors at birth and in infancy on the likelihood of achieving major motor milestones in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD). Data on 350 in iduals with a pathogenic CDKL5 variant was sourced from the International CDKL5 Disorder Database. A first model included factors available at birth (e.g., sex, variant group and mosaicism) and the second additionally included factors available during infancy (e.g., age at seizure onset, number of anti-seizure medications used, experience of a honeymoon period and formal therapy). Cox regression was used to model the time to achieve the milestones. The probability of attaining the outcomes at specific ages was estimated by evaluating the time-to-event function at specific covariate values. Independent sitting and walking were achieved by 177/350 and 57/325 children respectively. By seven years of age, 67.1% of females but only 37.3% of males could sit independently. About a quarter each of females and males achieved independent walking by eight and six years, respectively. When observed from birth, female gender, a late truncating variant and mosaicism impacted most positively on the likelihood of independent sitting. When observed from one year, later seizure onset and experiencing a honeymoon period also improved the likelihood of independent sitting. Factors that favoured sitting (except gender) also improved walking. Having a truncating variant between aa178 and aa781 reduced the likelihood of achieving independent sitting and walking. It is possible to utilise factors occurring early in life to inform the likelihood of future motor development in CDD.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-11-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4829445
Abstract: We give a derivation of a new instantaneous fluctuation relation for an arbitrary phase function which is odd under time reversal. The form of this new relation is not obvious, and involves observing the system along its transient phase space trajectory both before and after the point in time at which the fluctuations are being compared. We demonstrate this relation computationally for a number of phase functions in a shear flow system and show that this non-locality in time is an essential component of the instantaneous fluctuation theorem.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-09-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-2021
Abstract: We investigate the tagged-particle motion in a strongly interacting quasi-confined liquid using periodic boundary conditions along the confining direction. Within a mode-coupling theory of the glass transition we calculate the self-nonergodicity parameters and the self-intermediate scattering function and compare them with event-driven molecular dynamics simulations. We observe non-monotonic behavior for the in-plane mean-square displacement and further correlation functions which refer to higher mode indices encoding information about the perpendicular motion. The in-plane velocity-autocorrelation function reveals persistent anti-correlations with a negative algebraic power-law decay t −2 at all packing fractions.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-06-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41390-022-02024-9
Abstract: Accurate knowledge of the relationship between craniofacial anomalies (CFA), intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential to improve services and outcomes. The aim is to describe the association between CFA, ID and ASD using linked population data. All births (1983–2005 n = 566,225) including CFA births (comprising orofacial clefts, craniosynostosis, craniofacial microsomia and mandibulofacial dysostosis) surviving to 5 years were identified from the birth, death, birth defects and midwives population data sets. Linked data from these data sets were followed for a minimum of 5 years from birth until 2010 in the intellectual disability database to identify ID and ASD. These associations were examined using a modified Poisson regression. Prevalence of ID and ASD was higher among CFA (especially with additional anomalies) than those without [prevalence ratio 5.27, 95% CI 4.44, 6.25]. It was higher among CFA than those with other gastrointestinal and urogenital anomalies but lower than nervous system and chromosomal anomalies. Children with CFA and severe ID had a higher proportion of nervous system anomalies. Findings indicate increased ID and ASD among CFA but lower than nervous system and chromosomal anomalies. This population evidence can improve early identification of ID/ASD among CFA and support service planning. Our study found about one in ten children born with craniofacial anomalies (CFA) are later identified with intellectual disability (ID). Prevalence of ID among CFA was higher than those with other gastrointestinal, urogenital, and musculoskeletal birth defects but lower than those with the nervous system and chromosomal abnormalities. Most children with craniofacial anomalies have a mild-to-moderate intellectual disability with an unknown aetiology. On average, intellectual disability is identified 2 years later for children born with non-syndromic craniofacial anomalies than those with syndromic conditions. Our findings can improve the early identification of ID/ASD among CFA and support service planning.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C0DT00648C
Abstract: The first ex les of an optically active Birch reduced tertiary phosphine, viz. (R(P))-(cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl)(3-pentyl)phenylphosphine, and successful hydrophosphination of the related racemic ligand (±)-(cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl)(2-propyl)phenylphosphine with PHPh(2) in the presence of KOBu(t) in thf to give a 1,2-cyclohexenebis(tertiary phosphine), viz. (±)-1,2-C(6)H(8)(PPh(2))(PPhPr(i)), are described as confirmed by crystal structure determinations of [SP-4-4-(S(P),S)]-chloro[(cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl)(3-pentyl)phenylphosphine][2-{1-(dimethylamino)ethyl}phenyl-C,N]palladium(II) and [SP-4-3-(±)]-dimethyl[(1-diphenylphosphino)(2-isopropylphenylphosphino)cyclohexene]platinum(II).
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 30-12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-017-02139-2
Abstract: The original version of this article contained an error in the legend to Figure 4. The yellow scale bar should have been defined as ‘~600 nm’, not ‘~600 µm’. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9SM00442D
Abstract: Anomalous transport through soft percolating host structures is dominated by passages over high mountain passes.
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2021
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 26-02-2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5014041
Abstract: The potential application of artificial spin ice in magnetic nanodevices provides a strong drive to investigate different lattice geometries. Here, we combine components of a recently investigated artificial spin ratchet with components of the prototypical square lattice to form a geometrically frustrated artificial spin ice system where Ising-type nanomagnets are arranged onto a two-dimensional square-kite lattice. Using synchrotron-based photoemission electron microscopy, we explore moment configurations achieved in this lattice geometry. Following thermal annealing, we image how a variation of the relevant lattice parameter affects magnetic ordering in four-island squares and four-island vertices during cooling through the Blocking temperature. Depending on lattice spacing, both nearly uniform and disordered spin configurations are accessible in our s les. We show that the relative energies of the building blocks of the system, which are typically used to classify lattice configurations, are not predictive of the low energy states adopted by the experimental system. To understand magnetic ordering in the square-kite lattice, longer range interactions must be considered.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-017-01238-4
Abstract: Geometrical frustration occurs when entities in a system, subject to given lattice constraints, are hindered to simultaneously minimize their local interactions. In magnetism, systems incorporating geometrical frustration are fascinating, as their behavior is not only hard to predict, but also leads to the emergence of exotic states of matter. Here, we provide a first look into an artificial frustrated system, the dipolar trident lattice, where the balance of competing interactions between nearest-neighbor magnetic moments can be directly controlled, thus allowing versatile tuning of geometrical frustration and manipulation of ground state configurations. Our findings not only provide the basis for future studies on the low-temperature physics of the dipolar trident lattice, but also demonstrate how this frustration-by-design concept can deliver magnetically frustrated metamaterials.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 18-02-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4941584
Abstract: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study field free relaxation from a non-uniform initial density, monitored using both density distributions and the dissipation function. When this density gradient is applied to colour labelled particles, the density distribution decays to a sine curve of fundamental wavelength, which then decays conformally towards a uniform distribution. For conformal relaxation, the dissipation function is found to decay towards equilibrium monotonically, consistent with the predictions of the relaxation theorem. When the system is initiated with a more dramatic density gradient, applied to all particles, non-conformal relaxation is seen in both the dissipation function and the Fourier components of the density distribution. At times, the system appears to be moving away from a uniform density distribution. In both cases, the dissipation function satisfies the modified second law inequality, and the dissipation theorem is demonstrated.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-06-2021
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1936662
Abstract: This study investigated dental hospitalisations in Western Australian (WA) children with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged up to 18 years. Data on WA live births from 1983 to 2004 from the WA Midwives Notification System were linked to the Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers database, the WA Hospital Morbidity Data System, and the Western Australian Birth Defects Registry databases. Children were followed from birth to 2010 and the data grouped into three age-groups. Primary and secondary admissions for relevant dental diagnoses were identified and factors associated with having a dental hospitalisation investigated. There were 1366, 1596, and 780 dental hospitalisations amongst 1122, 1154, and 609 children with ID and/or ASD in the 0-6, >6-12, and >12-18 year age groups, respectively. Children with severe ID were much more likely to be hospitalised than those with mild/moderate ID. More socioeconomically disadvantaged children were less likely to be hospitalised than children whose parents were socially advantaged. There is concern that more vulnerable children in the WA community with ID or ASD are receiving an inadequate level of dental services compared with other groups resulting in potentially preventable hospitalisations, a situation in need of urgent remediation.Implications for rehabilitationLittle is known about why some children with intellectual disability (ID) or autism are being hospitalised for their dental care and others are not.Children with disability whose families are socioeconomically disadvantaged should have equivalent opportunity to receive optimal dental care.Dental practitioners at all levels need training and confidence in treating children with ID.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-09-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2023
DOI: 10.1093/PTEP/PTAD102
Abstract: Fluctuation theorems (FTs) quantify the thermodynamic reversibility of a system, and for deterministic systems they are defined in terms of the dissipation function. However, in a nonequilibrium steady state of deterministic dynamics, the phase space distribution is unknown, making the dissipation function difficult to evaluate without extra information. As such, steady state FTs for deterministic systems to date have required either that the trajectory segment of interest is relatively long, or that information is available about the entire trajectory surrounding that segment. In this work, it is shown that a simple machine learning model trained to predict whether a given steady state trajectory segment is being played forward or backward in time calculates a function which satisfies an FT and relies solely on information within the segment of interest. The FT is satisfied even for very short trajectory segments where the approximate relation derived from theory breaks down, for systems far from equilibrium, and for various nonequilibrium dynamics. It is further demonstrated that any function which is a well-calibrated predictor of time’s arrow must satisfy an FT, and that a local FT can be derived which depends only on local dissipation and its correlations with the surrounding nonlocal dissipation.
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2020
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2020
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2020
Location: Australia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2021
End Date: End date not available
Funder: Australian Dental Research Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2015
Funder: Indian Council of Medical Research
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 12-2021
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $415,283.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity