ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3015-484X
Current Organisations
University of Arizona
,
Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
,
Oregon State University
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/REC.13916
Abstract: There is a growing need to engage youth in ecological restoration in order to address rising environmental issues. Youth involvement in restoration ecology, and more specifically, participation and assistance with field‐based work is beneficial for all involved parties and should, therefore, be more widespread. Here, we describe different opportunities and approaches to engaging youth in restoration including programs and activities in classrooms, citizen science, formal internship programs, and opportunities through social media. We also discuss potential challenges associated with youth engagement in restoration and offer solutions. Youth engagement is critical for the development and continuance of the field of ecological restoration, and strategies to integrate young people into restoration projects should become more common in the field.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1002/AGG2.20156
Abstract: Soil microbial communities represent an important indicator of soil health. Laboratories that provide microbial community analyses to farmers recommend submitting a single s le comprising 12–15 soil cores mixed together, but the instructions do not specify field size. Soil cores can be time consuming to collect and analyses are expensive to run, so it is important to identify the number of s les necessary to return reliable data without becoming unnecessarily time consuming to collect. In this study, we tested different s le densities using s les taken from five fields in Oklahoma and one in Kansas. The amount of variation in abundance of some microbial groups decreased significantly with increasing s le density, suggesting that higher s ling densities are preferable to lower ones. In addition, results indicate that changing s ling densities has the potential to introduce variation. S ling density should therefore be maintained when s les are to be compared with one another.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/REC.13759
Abstract: Successful seed‐based restoration in dryland systems is difficult due to the many limitations associated with germination and establishment. Seed predators, including granivorous ants, can consume or move applied seeds offsite reducing restoration success. Granivorous ants in the U.S. southwest move and store tens of thousands of seeds and show preferences for seeds based on weight, size, nutrient content, and novelty. In this study, we examine which seed traits most influence seed predation rates in a grassland in southwestern Arizona, U.S.A. We presented 24 seed types from native species with restoration value in three cafeteria‐style selection areas installed adjacent to Pogonomyrmex nests. We also installed pitfall traps to assess the ersity of ant species that may have visited the cafeterias. Our results showed that among offered seeds, 3–99% were collected by granivorous ants, with small seeds and those with no structure the most preferred. Across all cafeterias, we had 11 ant species in our pitfall traps, with over half of those being known seed predators. From our study, we found that seed traits do influence ant seed preference and our results can help inform practices that could aid in keeping seed on the ground and increasing the chance of germination and establishment.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1890/ES14-00208.1
Abstract: Many semi‐arid plant communities in western North America are dominated by big sagebrush. These ecosystems are being reduced in extent and quality due to economic development, invasive species, and climate change. These pervasive modifications have generated concern about the long‐term viability of sagebrush habitat and sagebrush‐obligate wildlife species (notably Greater Sage‐Grouse), highlighting the need for better understanding of the future big sagebrush distribution, particularly at the species' range margins. The leading and trailing edges of potential climate‐driven distribution shifts are likely to be areas most sensitive to climate change. Although several processes contribute to distribution shifts, regeneration is a fundamental requirement, especially for species with episodic regeneration patterns, such as big sagebrush. We used a process‐based regeneration model for big sagebrush to simulate potential germination and seedling survival in response to climatic and edaphic conditions. We estimated current and future regeneration under 2070–2099 CMIP5 climate conditions at trailing and leading edges that were previously identified using traditional species distribution models. Our results supported expectations of increased probability of regeneration at the leading edge and decreased probability at the trailing edge compared to current levels. Our simulations indicated that soil water dynamics at the leading edge will become more similar to the typical seasonal ecohydrological conditions observed within the current range of big sagebrush. At the trailing edge, increased winter and spring dryness represented a departure from conditions typically supportive of big sagebrush. Our results highlighted that minimum and maximum daily temperatures as well as soil water recharge and summer dry periods are important constraints for big sagebrush regeneration. We observed reliable changes in areas identified as trailing and leading edges, consistent with previous predictions. However, we also identified potential local refugia within the trailing edge, mostly at higher elevation sites. Decreasing regeneration probability at the trailing edge suggests that it will be difficult to preserve and/or restore big sagebrush in these areas. Conversely, increasing regeneration probability at the leading edge suggests a growing potential for conflicts in management goals between maintaining existing grasslands and croplands by preventing sagebrush expansion versus accepting a shift in plant community composition to sagebrush dominance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2023
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-03-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.28.486154
Abstract: Network theory allows us to understand complex systems by evaluating how their constituent elements interact with one another. Such networks are built from matrices which describe the effect of each element on all others. Quantifying the strength of these interactions from empirical data can be difficult, however, because the number of potential interactions increases non-linearly as more elements are included in the system, and not all interactions may be empirically observable when some elements are rare. We present a novel modelling framework which estimates the strength of pairwise interactions in erse horizontal systems, using measures of species performance in the presence of varying densities of their potential interaction partners. Our method allows us to directly estimate pairwise effects when they are statistically identifiable and approximate pairwise effects when they would otherwise be statistically unidentifiable. The resulting interaction matrices can include positive and negative effects, the effect of a species on itself, and are non-symmetrical. The advantages of these features are illustrated with a case study on an annual wildflower community of 22 focal and 52 neighbouring species, and a discussion of potential applications of this framework extending well beyond plant community ecology.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-04-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.1453
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2023
Abstract: Network theory allows us to understand complex systems by evaluating how their constituent elements interact with one another. Such networks are built from matrices which describe the effect of each element on all others. Quantifying the strength of these interactions from empirical data can be difficult, however, because the number of potential interactions increases nonlinearly as more elements are included in the system, and not all interactions may be empirically observable when some elements are rare. We present a novel modelling framework which uses measures of species performance in the presence of varying densities of their potential interaction partners to estimate the strength of pairwise interactions in erse horizontal systems. Our method allows us to directly estimate pairwise effects when they are statistically identifiable and to approximate pairwise effects when they would otherwise be statistically unidentifiable. The resulting interaction matrices can include positive and negative effects, the effect of a species on itself, and allows for non‐symmetrical interactions. We show how to link the parameters inferred by our framework to a population dynamics model to make inferences about the effect of interactions on community dynamics and ersity. The advantages of these features are illustrated with a case study on an annual wildflower community of 22 focal and 52 neighbouring species, and a discussion of potential applications of this framework extending well beyond plant community ecology.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.2394
Publisher: University of Queensland Library
Date: 2020
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-04-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538692
Abstract: Non-destructive spatial mapping of herbaceous plants is often not possible with many modern imaging techniques, especially in systems with highly structured, dense herbaceous canopies. For this purpose we suggest using a modern version of the classic pantograph, a simple instrument that allows precisely scaled drawings. The pantograph version we describe here was specifically designed for small-scale herbaceous vegetation mapping. Specifically, our pantograph design is useful for rapidly collecting accurate, spatially explicit data at the scale of 0.1-2 m 2 and includes a paired drawing board for easy use in field conditions. We tested the design and technique on 100 annual plant plots that ranged in total density and in plant stature. Based on this mapping trial, we present guidelines for effective manual mapping and map digitization. A pantograph is a useful and inexpensive to make tool for non-destructively spatially mapping in idual herbaceous plants in the field. Here, we present instructions for the design and fabrication of our modern pantograph, board, and pencil attachment designed specifically for researchers wanting to include small-scale spatial context in their research.
Location: Australia
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Trace Martyn.