ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7665-2967
Current Organisations
University of Southampton
,
University of Helsinki
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 16-02-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515005073
Abstract: Demand for organic meat is partially driven by consumer perceptions that organic foods are more nutritious than non-organic foods. However, there have been no systematic reviews comparing specifically the nutrient content of organic and conventionally produced meat. In this study, we report results of a meta-analysis based on sixty-seven published studies comparing the composition of organic and non-organic meat products. For many nutritionally relevant compounds (e.g. minerals, antioxidants and most in idual fatty acids (FA)), the evidence base was too weak for meaningful meta-analyses. However, significant differences in FA profiles were detected when data from all livestock species were pooled. Concentrations of SFA and MUFA were similar or slightly lower, respectively, in organic compared with conventional meat. Larger differences were detected for total PUFA and n -3 PUFA, which were an estimated 23 (95 % CI 11, 35) % and 47 (95 % CI 10, 84) % higher in organic meat, respectively. However, for these and many other composition parameters, for which meta-analyses found significant differences, heterogeneity was high, and this could be explained by differences between animal species/meat types. Evidence from controlled experimental studies indicates that the high grazing/forage-based diets prescribed under organic farming standards may be the main reason for differences in FA profiles. Further studies are required to enable meta-analyses for a wider range of parameters (e.g. antioxidant, vitamin and mineral concentrations) and to improve both precision and consistency of results for FA profiles for all species. Potential impacts of composition differences on human health are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-02-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-03-2014
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-06-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-10-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-09-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12072-022-10469-7
Abstract: Epigenetic modifications are associated with hepatic fat accumulation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few epigenetic modifications directly implicated in such processes have been identified during adolescence, a critical developmental window where physiological changes could influence future disease trajectory. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and NAFLD in adolescence, we undertook discovery and validation of novel methylation marks, alongside replication of previously reported marks. We performed a DNA methylation epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on DNA from whole blood from 707 Raine Study adolescents phenotyped for steatosis score and NAFLD by ultrasound at age 17. Next, we performed pyrosequencing validation of loci within the most 100 strongly associated differentially methylated CpG sites (dmCpGs) for which ≥ 2 probes per gene remained significant across four statistical models with a nominal p value 0.007. EWAS identified dmCpGs related to three genes ( ANK1, MIR10a , PTPRN2 ) that met our criteria for pyrosequencing. Of the dmCpGs and surrounding loci that were pyrosequenced ( ANK1 n = 6, MIR10a n = 7, PTPRN2 n = 3), three dmCpGs in ANK1 and two in MIR10a were significantly associated with NAFLD in adolescence. After adjustment for waist circumference only dmCpGs in ANK1 remained significant. These ANK1 CpGs were also associated with γ-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. Three of twenty-two differentially methylated dmCpGs previously associated with adult NAFLD were associated with NAFLD in adolescence (all adjusted p 2.3 × 10 –3 ). We identified novel DNA methylation loci associated with NAFLD and serum liver biochemistry markers during adolescence, implicating putative dmCpG/gene regulatory pathways and providing insights for future mechanistic studies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1017/JNS.2017.62
Abstract: Vegetarian diets have been associated with health benefits, but paradoxically are low in EPA and DHA which are important for development, particularly of the central nervous system, and for health. Humans have limited capacity for synthesis of EPA and DHA from α-linolenic acid, although this is greater in women than men. Oily fish and, to a lesser extent, dairy foods and meat are the primary sources of EPA and DHA in the diet. Exclusion of these foods from the diet by vegetarians is associated consistently with lower EPA and DHA status in vegetarian women compared with omnivores. The purpose of the present review was to assess the impact of low EPA and DHA status in vegetarian pregnancies on the development and health of children. EPA and DHA status was lower in breast milk and in infants of vegetarian mothers than those born to omnivore mothers, which suggests that in the absence of pre-formed dietary EPA and DHA, synthesis from α-linolenic acid is an important process in determining maternal EPA and DHA status in pregnancy. However, there have been no studies that have investigated the effect of low maternal DHA status in vegetarians on cognitive function in children. It is important to address this gap in knowledge in order to be confident that vegetarian and vegan diets during pregnancy are safe in the context of child development.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-09-2019
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Graham Burdge.