Alison Bashford

Roundtable: The Anthropocene in British History

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 29-06-2018

DOI: 10.1017/JBR.2018.79

Abstract: The following exchange was the result of ongoing informal conversations among the contributors, who are all, in different ways, interested in the emergent concept of the Anthropocene and the challenges it posed, and the opportunities it provided, for historians working on Britain and the world. The conversation began at the end of 2015 and continued for about a year.

Tuberculosis, migration, and medical examination: lessons from history

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 04-2006

DOI: 10.1136/JECH.2005.038604

The Right to Asylum: Britain's 1905 Aliens Act and the Evolution of Refugee Law

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1017/S0738248014000029

Abstract: From the 1880s, states and self-governing colonies in North and South America, across Australasia, and in southern Africa began introducing laws to regulate the entry of newly defined “undesirable immigrants.” This was a trend that intensified exclusionary powers originally passed in the 1850s to regulate Chinese migration, initially in the context of the gold rushes in California and the self-governing colony of Victoria in Australia. The entry and movement of other populations also began to be regulated toward the end of the century, in particular the increasing number of certain Europeans migrating to the United States. It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that Britain followed this legal trend with the introduction of the 1905 Aliens Act, although it was a latecomer when situated in the global context, and certainly within the context of its own Empire. The Aliens Act was passed in response to the persecution of Eastern European Jews and their forced migration, mainly from the Russian Empire into Britain. It defined for the first time in British law the notion of the “undesirable immigrant,” criteria to exclude would-be immigrants, and exemptions from those exclusions. The Aliens Act has been analyzed by historians and legal scholars as an aspect of the history of British immigration law on the one hand, and of British Jewry and British anti-Semitism on the other. Exclusion based on ethnic and religious grounds has dominated both analyses. Thus, the Act has been framed as the major antecedent to Britain's more substantial and enduring legislative moves in the 1960s to restrict entry, regulate borders, and nominate and identify “undesirable” entrants effectively (if not explicitly) on racial grounds.

Lines of Hygiene: Pandemic Border Control in Australia, 1919

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 04-01-2022

DOI: 10.1080/1031461X.2021.2005644

Geographies of commemoration: Angel Island, San Francisco and North Head, Sydney

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JHG.2015.12.003

Nation, Empire, Globe: The Spaces of Population Debate in the Interwar Years

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 15-12-2006

DOI: 10.1017/S0010417507000448

Abstract: There are several analytical strands through which historians and demographers understand the evolution of twentieth-century population politics and expertise. One is the history of the declining birthrate, nationalism, pro-natalism, and modern degeneration anxieties, including histories of eugenics. A second strand is the story of global overpopulation, its mobilization as a mid-twentieth-century issue in Cold War politics, the dominance of the idea of demographic transitions and political economy, and subsequent links between aid, development, family planning, and various international agencies. A third is the history of reproductive and bodily rights, feminism, and birth control, which has been analyzed with respect to the history of technology, the history of colonialism and neo-colonialism, the history of nationalism, and to some extent the history of internationalism. The political economy aspects of the population question tend chronologically to bookend the feminist narrative, with Malthus at the late eighteenth-century end and Cold War political economy of third world development at the twentieth-century end. A fourth strand is a burgeoning intellectual history of demography, social science, and economic theory.

The Great War and its aftermath, 1914–22

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Date: 05-11-2013

DOI: 10.1017/CHO9781107445758.033

Nation building, 1901–14

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Date: 05-11-2013

DOI: 10.1017/CHO9781107445758.032

Starch on the collar and sweat on the brow: Self sacrifice and the status of work for nurses

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 1997

DOI: 10.1080/14443059709387298

'Is White Australia possible?' Race, colonialism and tropical medicine

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1080/014198700329042

Asylum–Seekers and National Histories of Detention

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2002

DOI: 10.1111/1467-8497.00273

Malthus and gender

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-09-2022

DOI: 10.1111/AEHR.12250

Abstract: This article re‐reads Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population for his explicit discussion of men and women, masculinity and femininity. A feminist reading is possible, but not undertaken here. Rather, the purpose is simply to demonstrate how ‘gender’ was Malthus's own object of inquiry. Historical actors, perhaps especially economic thinkers, often considered gender far more fully and explicitly than almost all subsequent analysts of them. It therefore remains not just insufficient, but empirically erroneous not to inquire into how ‘men’ and ‘women’ were considered, constructed, instructed, symbolised or valued by the historical actors we study, including those in the political economy canon.

The History of Public Health During Colonialism

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1016/B978-012373960-5.00543-8

World population and Australian land: Demography and sovereignty in the twentieth century

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 10-2007

DOI: 10.1080/10314610708601243

Thinking historically about public health

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 30-11-2007

DOI: 10.1136/JMH.2006.000251

Abstract: This paper argues that analysing past public health policies calls for scholarship that integrates insights not just from medical history but from a broad range of historical fields. Recent studies of historic infectious disease management make this evident: they confirm that prior practices inhere in current perceptions and policies, which, like their antecedents, unfold amidst shifting amalgams of politics, culture, law and economics. Thus, explaining public health policy of the past purely in medical or epidemiological terms ignores evidence that it was rarely, if ever, designed solely on medical grounds at the time.

MALTHUS AND CHINA

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 08-05-2019

DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X1900013X

Abstract: T. R. Malthus was deeply interested in how his principle of population operated in societies distant to, and different from, his own. In this respect, China served as an intriguing case, already famous in his own time for its large and dense population and the central regulation of a closed economy. Malthus drew on both centuries-old Jesuit material and recent accounts from the Macartney embassy to the Qianlong emperor to assess its past and present food–land–population dynamics. This article explores Malthus's interest in China in the context of British public and private commercial interest in opening its trade, not least interest from his own East India Company. Historiographically, Malthus's China has been critiqued as an early rendition of orientalist demographic transition, posing a dichotomy of East/West fertility and mortality change. In disagreement with this interpretation, this article argues Malthus's key distinction was not East/West but Old World/New World.

The Colonial History of the 1905 Aliens Act

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1080/03086534.2012.712380

MALTHUSIAN MOMENTS: INTRODUCTION

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 24-04-2019

DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X19000098

Population politics since 1750

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Date: 30-04-2015

DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139196079.009

Chronology

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 18-09-2012

DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195373141.013.0034

Abstract: The Chronology provides a detailed outline of the relevant publications, organizations, and statutes from the year 1859 to 1989 that relate to the field of eugenics.

Book notice

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-06-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11016-011-9590-9

World population, world health and security: 20th century trends

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 03-2008

DOI: 10.1136/JECH.2006.055608

Abstract: The connection between infectious disease control and national security is now firmly entrenched. This article takes a historical look at another security issue once prominent in debate on foreign policy and international relations, but now more or less absent: overpopulation. It explores the nature of the debate on population as a security question, and its complicated historical relation to the development of world health.

History of Public Health during Colonialism

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00454-9

Gender and sexuality

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Date: 05-11-2013

DOI: 10.1017/CHO9781107445758.044

Preface

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Date: 05-11-2013

DOI: 10.1017/CHO9781107445758.002

Internationalism, Cosmopolitanism, and Eugenics

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 18-09-2012

DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195373141.013.0009

Abstract: The strong connection between eugenics and nationalism is now a clear interpretive strand in the historiography. This article discusses various studies of eugenics and emphasizes the international dimension. The long-standing historiographical interest in this aspect of eugenics stems partly from the availability of the proceedings of early international conferences. It also deals with the most ambitious consideration of eugenics and internationalism that involves consideration of apparently universal principles of evolution and inheritance for humanity as a whole. It also presents a close consideration of the role of eugenics in regulating and monitoring international human movement. Finally, it concludes that eugenics is fundamentally about the devastating implications of a science of human differentiation and needs to be understood through the modern history of universalism, internationalism, and cosmopolitanism.

Frances gillam holden and the children's hospital dispute, 1887: woman's sphere, feminism and nursing

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-1993

DOI: 10.1080/09612029300200032

Fertility Control: Eugenics, Neo-Malthusianism, and Feminism

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 18-09-2012

DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195373141.013.0006

Abstract: This article analyzes the preoccupation of eugenics with fertility control—a broad term denoting all methods by which humans seek to induce, prevent, or terminate pregnancy. It also discusses the role of eugenicists in establishing birth control clinics, and to advocate for more controversial technologies of reproductive control such as sterilization and sometimes abortion. It also shows the link between feminist, eugenic, and neo-Malthusian discourses. It begins with the classic definition of eugenics and then indicates that contraceptive information would be offered to married women who are too young, ill, or weak for pregnancy, or who experienced pregnancy too frequently. This article also provides an understanding of the role played by feminism in the social acceptance of technologies of reproductive control. It concludes that eugenic feminists often connected by neo-Malthusian ideas have played a leading role in developing new reproductive technologies.

TERRAQUEOUS HISTORIES

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 13-02-2017

DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X16000431

Abstract: In her Inaugural Lecture, Alison Bashford, Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History, introduces the concept of ‘terraqueous histories’. Maritime historians often stake large claims on world history, and it is indeed the case that the connections and distinctions between land and sea are everywhere in the many traditions of world history-writing. Collapsing the land/sea couplet is useful and ‘terraqueous’ history serves world historians well. The term returns the ‘globe’ to global history, it signals sea as well as land as claimable territory, and in its compound construction foregrounds the history and historiography of meeting places. If the Vere Harmsworth Chair of Imperial and Naval History has recently turned from ‘imperial’ into ‘world’ history, so might its ‘naval’ element become terraqueous history in the twenty-first century.

The Disenchantment of Chiromancy: Reading Modern Hands from Palmistry to Genetics

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 25-08-2023

DOI: 10.1093/PASTJ/GTAD011

Abstract: We might expect chiromancy in the modern period to be analysed best within the well-known late nineteenth-century occult revival. The specific practice of palmistry, as it happens, is minimally examined in that historiographical context. Yet the purpose here is not to reinstate palmistry into our already extensive understanding of an Anglo-American modern occult, but to show how other readers of hands, including those trained in biomedical sciences, exceeded occultism altogether, and often enough repudiated it. This article considers modern palmistry in the first instance through an intellectual and social historiography of mind–body knowledges and practices. It shows not only how various ‘psychic’ practices turned into ‘psy’ practices, but also how reading signs of the hand morphed into clinical diagnostics, into primatology, comparative anatomy and eventually into early medical genetics, especially through the so-called ‘simian line’ correlated with Down syndrome. Through analysis of a suite of London-based hand experts, this twentieth-century history of palm-reading argues for a plain ‘disenchantment’ of chiromancy, qualifying historians’ common commitment to theses of re-enchantment. One strand of palm-reading’s recent past turns out to be part of the history of scientific naturalism, not super-naturalism at all.

Quarantine and the imagining of the Australian nation

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 10-1998

DOI: 10.1177/136345939800200406

Abstract: This article explores ways in which the technology of quarantine functioned in the imagining of Australia as a nation in the early 20th century. With the aim of historicizing scholarship on the formation of identities through boundary maintenance, this article explores that literal boundary which creates ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ spaces and subjects, the quarantine line. Quarantine produced cultural ideas and effects of a pure national self, and a pathologized, contaminated and racialized other. That ‘whiteness’, ‘purity’ and ‘national hygiene’ which was actively sought in the early 20th century functioned through both public health and immigration regulations: the practice of quarantine was the point at which these came together. Quarantine assisted in the imagining of the new island-nation as an integrated whole, and in the imagining (and literal pursuit) of its ‘whiteness’.

Living with tuberculosis: the prehistory of HIV/AIDS

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60794-5

University Of New South Wales

Location: Australia

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