ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4164-3470
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1002/ACP.1436
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 04-05-2012
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1037/A0014855
Abstract: This study examined the effect of mood states on mind wandering. Positive, neutral, and negative moods were induced in participants prior to them completing a sustained attention task. Mind wandering was measured by using the frequencies of both behavioral lapses and retrospective indices of subjective experience. Relative to a positive mood, induction of a negative mood led participants to make more lapses, report a greater frequency of task irrelevant thoughts, and become less inclined to reengage attentional resources following a lapse. Positive mood, by contrast, was associated with a better ability to adjust performance after a lapse. These results provide further support for the notion that a negative mood reduces the amount of attentional commitment to the task in hand and may do so by enhancing the focus on task irrelevant personal concerns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-011-2641-Z
Abstract: The temporal coordination of interpersonal behavior is a foundation for effective joint action with synchronized movement moderating core components of person perception and social exchange. Questions remain, however, regarding the precise conditions under which interpersonal synchrony emerges. In particular, with whom do people reliably synchronize their movements? The current investigation explored the effects of arbitrary group membership (i.e., minimal groups) on the emergence of interpersonal coordination. Participants performed a repetitive rhythmic action together with a member of the same or a different minimal group. Of interest was the extent to which participants spontaneously synchronized their movements with those of the target. Results revealed that stable coordination (i.e., in-phase synchrony) was most pronounced when participants interacted with a member of a different minimal group. These findings are discussed with respect to the functional role of interpersonal synchrony and the potential avenues by which the dynamics of rhythmic coordination may be influenced by group status.
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1162/JOCN_A_00754
Abstract: Via mental simulation, imagined events faithfully reproduce the neural and behavioral activities that accompany their actual occurrence. However, little is known about how fundamental characteristics of mental imagery—notably perspectives of self—shape neurocognitive processes. To address this issue, we used fMRI to explore the impact that vantage point exerts on the neural and behavioral correlates of imaginary sensory experiences (i.e., pain). Participants imagined painful scenarios from three distinct visual perspectives: first-person self (1PS), third-person self (3PS), and third-person other (3PO). Corroborating increased ratings of pain and embodiment, 1PS (cf. 3PS) simulations elicited greater activity in the right anterior insula, a brain area that supports interoceptive and emotional awareness. Additionally, 1PS simulations evoked greater activity in brain areas associated with visual imagery and the sense of body ownership. Interestingly, no differences were observed between 3PS and 3PO imagery. Taken together, these findings reveal the neural and behavioral correlates of visual perspective during mental simulation.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1037/XAP0000067
Abstract: While thinking about food is a ubiquitous facet of daily life, the perils of imaginary eating are well documented food-related mental imagery elevates both cravings and consumption. Given the serious health issues that often arise from overeating and obesity, identifying strategies that can be used to combat the link between imagination and consumption is, therefore, of considerable theoretical and practical importance. Here we explored the possibility that a fundamental property of mental imagery-the visual perspective from which an event is viewed-may alter the appraisal of unhealthy foods. Specifically, because it is accompanied by attenuated sensorimotor activity, third-person (cf. first-person) imagery was expected to weaken the link between imagination and consumption. The results of 3 studies supported this prediction showing that third-person (cf. first-person) simulations decreased the mental representation, actual consumption, and willingness to pay for desirable items. Driving these effects was the natural reduction of sensory components furnished by third-person imagery. Together, these findings suggest that adoption of a third-person vantage point during mental imagery may be a viable and effective tactic for curbing consumption in everyday life.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.COGNITION.2008.07.007
Abstract: While previous research has demonstrated that people's movements can become coordinated during social interaction, little is known about the cognitive consequences of behavioral synchrony. Given intimate links between the systems that regulate perception and action, we hypothesized that the synchronization of movements during a dyadic interaction may prompt increased attention to be directed to an interaction partner, hence facilitate the information that participants glean during a social exchange. Our results supported this prediction. Incidental memories for core aspects of a brief interaction were facilitated following in-phase behavioral synchrony. Specifically, participants demonstrated enhanced memory for an interaction partner's utterances and facial appearance. These findings underscore the importance of action perception to social cognition.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.721
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2007
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-11-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2022-001333
Abstract: To determine the extent to which athletics coaches can identify evidence of an eating disorder in track athletes and what treatment advice they would provide. Vignettes depicting athletes portraying symptoms consistent with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were developed and used to survey 185 UK and Irish athletics coaches (and a community s le of 105 non-coaches) regarding their ability to recognise and respond to symptoms of an eating disorder. Coaches were no more likely than the community s le to correctly identify an eating disorder but were more likely to suggest professional treatment for an athlete experiencing symptoms of AN (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.29). For both eating disorders, higher levels of mental health literacy (AN: OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11, BN: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.14) and more years of coaching experience (AN: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.24, BN: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16) also increased the likelihood of suggesting professional help. When considering the whole s le, participants were more likely to correctly identify an eating disorder (OR 4.67, 95% CI 2.66 to 8.20) and suggest professional treatment for AN than BN (OR 1.76, CI 1.04 to 2.97). Further, symptoms of AN were more likely to be correctly identified in female than male athletes (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.28 to 4.06). Although coaches were more likely than community members to recommend professional treatment to an athlete exhibiting symptoms of an eating disorder, they were no more likely to correctly identify an eating disorder in the first instance. Further work is required to enhance coaches’ capacity to identify symptoms of eating disorders to ensure athletes receive appropriate interventions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-12-2015
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CONCOG.2013.02.002
Abstract: Through the ability to preview the future (i.e., prospection), people can anticipate how best to think, feel and act in just about any setting. But exactly what factors determine the contents of prospection? Extending research on action identification and temporal construal, here we explored how action goals and temporal distance modulate the characteristics of future previews. Participants were required to imagine travelling to Egypt (in the near or distant future) to climb or photograph a pyramid. Afterwards, to probe the contents of prospection, participants provided a sketch of their imaginary experience. Results elucidated the impact of goal type and temporal distance on mental imagery. While a climbing goal prompted participants to draw a larger pyramid in the near than distant future, a photographic goal influenced only the compositional complexity of the sketches. These findings reveal how action goals and temporal distance shape the contents of future simulations.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-05-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2006
Abstract: This article reports two worldwide studies of stereotypes about liars. These studies are carried out in 75 different countries and 43 different languages. In Study 1, participants respond to the open-ended question “How can you tell when people are lying?” In Study 2, participants complete a questionnaire about lying. These two studies reveal a dominant pan-cultural stereotype: that liars avert gaze. The authors identify other common beliefs and offer a social control interpretation.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1037/A0018248
Abstract: The present study investigated age-related changes in the ability to discriminate between distinctions in the emotion underlying enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles, both when making explicit decisions about feelings of happiness and when making social judgments of approachability. No age differences were found in the ability to discriminate between these two types of smile. However, older adults demonstrated a greater bias toward reporting that any smiling in idual was feeling happy. Older adults were also more likely to choose to approach an in idual who was displaying a nonenjoyment smile. Implications of these findings for older adults' interpersonal functioning are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-007-0421-1
Abstract: In iduals with autism are impaired in the recognition of fear, which may be due to their reduced tendency to look at the eyes. Here we investigated another potential perceptual and social consequence of reduced eye fixation. The eye region of the face is critical for identifying genuine, or sincere, smiles. We therefore investigated this ability in adults with autism. We used eye-tracking to measure gaze behaviour to faces displaying posed and genuine smiles. Adults with autism were impaired on the posed/genuine smile task and looked at the eyes significantly less than did controls. Also, within the autism group, task performance correlated with social interaction ability. We conclude that reduced eye contact in autism leads to reduced ability to discriminate genuine from posed smiles with downstream effects on social interaction.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-11-2013
Abstract: Via mental simulation, future previews have been shown to optimize behavioral selection and enhance task performance. Yet little is known about the critical factors that determine exactly how and when imagination impacts behavior. Noting the theoretical importance of vantage point (i.e., field vs. observer perspective) during mental imagery, here we explored the possibility that spatial visual perspective influences the real-time behavioral correlates of simulated (i.e., imagined) events. Participants were instructed to imagine positive and negative social encounters from either a field or an observer vantage point. Throughout each imagined interaction, postural movement in the anterioposterior (i.e., front–back) plane served as a real-time index of approach–withdrawal behavior. The results revealed that mental simulations were accompanied by functionally adaptive behavior (i.e., approach or withdrawal) but only when events were imagined from a field perspective. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are considered.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-10-2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2010.524932
Abstract: Many languages employ metaphors that associate temporal constructs with locations in space (e.g., back in the old days). However, whether such space–time mappings extend beyond the linguistic domain has received little empirical attention. Noting that motor action represents a pathway through which the integration of spatial and temporal information can be revealed, the current work examined the dynamics of hand movements during a time-classification task. Results revealed that when participants were instructed to process information pertaining to the past (or future), their movements were drawn towards the left (or right). This affirms that spatiotemporal processing is grounded in the sensory-motor systems that regulate human movement.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1037/A0036100
Abstract: Exerting self-control can diminish people's capacity to engage in subsequent acts of behavioral regulation, a phenomenon termed ego depletion. But what of imaginary regulatory experiences-does simulated restraint elicit comparable lapses in self-control? Here we demonstrate such effects under theoretically tractable imagery conditions. Across 3 experiments, temporal, structural, and spatial components of mental simulation were observed to drive the efficacy of imaginary self-control. In Experiment 1, lapses in restraint (i.e., financial impulsivity) were more pronounced when imaginary regulation (i.e., dietary restraint) focused on an event in the near versus distant future. In Experiment 2, comparable effects (i.e., increased stereotyping) emerged when simulated self-control (i.e., emotional suppression) was imagined from a first-person (cf. third-person) visual perspective. In Experiment 3, restraint was diminished (i.e., increased risk taking) when self-regulation (i.e., action control) centered on an event at a near versus distant location. These findings further delineate the conditions under which mental simulation impacts core aspects of social-cognitive functioning.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1068/P7360
Abstract: The spectacle of synchronous activity is both engaging and, for the social perceiver, informative. Judgments of the quality of social interactions covary with key characteristics of coordination dynamics (ie relative phase). Here we examined the converse relationship—are perceptions of synchrony shaped by social factors? Participants judged dyads consisting of in iduals with dissimilar skin tones to be less coordinated than those with similar complexions, despite the amount of coordination being objectively equivalent. The methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CONCOG.2018.06.013
Abstract: Perceiving oneself as agentic is dependent upon the integration of conscious intention, a corresponding outcome, and body-congruent sensorimotor information. Altering these critical cues, such as the vantage point from which an event is viewed, can have a notable impact on one's sense of agency, including an increased sense of ownership over another person's actions or a reduced sense of responsibility (or control) over one's own actions. In three studies, we investigated whether mentally simulated and written perspectives could have similar effects. Participants were asked to consider ambiguous actions from either a first-person or a third-person perspective. Results revealed that third-person perspectives reduced judgments of personal responsibility for positive and negative actions. Perceptions of personal action execution as well as the perceived overlap between one's real and imagined self were identified as mediators of the reduced sense of responsibility that characterized negative, but not positive, events constructed from a third-person perspective.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/IJOP.12420
Abstract: Inequalities between men and women are common and well-documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies-there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women-are-wonderful effect-that women are evaluated more positively than men overall-is also common. Cross-cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self-reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women-are-wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-01-2010
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1037/A0035825
Abstract: Electromyographic (EMG) research suggests that implicit mimicry of happy facial expressions remains intact with age. However, age-related differences in EMG responses to enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles have not been explored. The present study assessed younger and older adults' orbicularis oculi (O.oculi eye) and zygomaticus major (Z.major cheek) reactions to images of in iduals displaying enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles. Both age groups mimicked displays of enjoyment smiles, and there were no age differences in O.oculi and Z.major activity to these expressions. However, compared with younger participants, older adults showed extended O.oculi activity to nonenjoyment smiles. In an explicit ratings task, older adults were also more likely than younger participants to attribute feelings of happiness to in iduals displaying both nonenjoyment and enjoyment smiles. However, participants' ratings of the happiness expressed in images of enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles were independent of their O.oculi responding to these expressions, suggesting that mimicry and emotion recognition may reflect separate processes. Potential mechanisms underlying these findings, as well as implications for social affiliation in older adulthood, are considered.
Publisher: Methuen Drama
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BJOP.12426
Abstract: Viewed under the broad theoretical umbrella of an embodied-embedded approach to psychological activity, body movements can be seen to play an essential role in shaping social interaction. Of note, research concerning the embodiment of social cognition has documented key differences in non-verbal behaviour during social interaction for in iduals diagnosed with a range of disorders, including social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder. The present work sets out to extend these findings by better understanding the interplay between subclinical variation in psychopathology and social-motor coordination, a key component of effective interaction. We asked participants, in pairs, to swing hand-held pendula that varied in their intrinsic movement characteristics. Extending previous clinically oriented work (Varlet et al., 2014, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 29), our results indicated that subclinical variation in mental health status was predictive of disruption to the patterns of coordination dynamics that characterize effective social exchange. This work provides further evidence for the utility of theorizing social interaction as a self-organizing dynamical system and strengthens support for the claim that disruption to interpersonal coordination may act as an embodied-embedded marker of variation in mental health.
No related grants have been discovered for Lynden Miles.