ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6825-7353
Current Organisation
The University of Canberra
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Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-04-2016
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2012
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2012
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2012
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1192/BJO.2019.26
Abstract: The impact of mental disorders has been assessed in relation to longevity and quality of life however, mental disorders also have an impact on productive life-years (PLYs). To quantify the long-term costs of Australians aged 45–64 having lost PLYs because of mental disorders. The Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2003, 2009 formed the base population of Health& WealthMOD2030 – a microsimulation model integrating output from the Static Incomes Model, the Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model, the Treasury and the Australian Burden of Disease Study. For depression, in iduals incurred a loss of AU$1062 million in income in 2015, projected to increase to AU$1539 million in 2030 (45% increase). The government is projected to incur costs comprising a 22% increase in social security payments and a 45% increase in lost taxes as a result of depression through its impact on PLYs. Effectiveness of mental health programmes should be judged not only in terms of healthcare use but also quality of life and economic well-being. None.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2019
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2009
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-05-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 24-12-2020
DOI: 10.1097/J.PAIN.0000000000001788
Abstract: This study models the economic costs of informal caring for people with back pain, using a microsimulation model, Care& WorkMOD, from 2015 to 2030. Care& WorkMOD was based on 3 national Australian Surveys of Disability, Ageing and Carers (2003, 2009, 2012) data sets for in iduals aged 15 to 64 years. Estimated national income loss due to caring for people with back pain was AU$258 million in 2015, increasing to $398 million in 2030 (54% increase). Lost income tax revenue to the Australian government due to informal care of people with back pain was estimated to be AU$78 million in 2015, increasing to AU$118 million in 2030 (50% increase), and additional welfare payments were estimated to rise from $132 million in 2015 to AU$180 in 2030 (36% increase). Larger growth in lost income, compared with the increase in welfare payments, means that there would be an increasing income gap between those out of the labour force providing informal care and noncarers who are in the labour force, leading to increased inequality. Informal carers are defined as providers of informal, unpaid assistance to someone with a health condition, for at least 6 months. Informal carers of people with back pain who are out of the labour force incur substantial economic costs. Furthermore, back pain is a large economic burden on national governments. Policies addressing back pain prevention and treatment, and supporting carers, may offset government welfare expenditure, while improving the socioeconomic well-being of carers and patients.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-08-2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-02-2014
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 30-01-2020
Abstract: Background: For older people, place is crucial as it is where support networks, social relationships and family are. Older people develop a sense of belonging to their local community through participation and place is strongly linked to personal histories. For older people, ageing in their own home also allows for continuity of relationships and informal support networks in the area.While there are significant benefits of ageing in place, for older people with low wellbeing, the provision of services is going to be essential to allow them to age in place. Therefore, this article aims to identify areas where older people have low wellbeing using an index of wellbeing developed using a range of data and to show how the domains and indicators can be used to identify why older people in an area have low wellbeing. This analysis can then be used to help to identify what types of services are required to improve wellbeing in an area of low wellbeing best. Methods: We use Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to create the Index of Wellbeing for Older Australians, for each domain and then adding the domains together using a transformation. One of the advantages of this method is that areas can be identified as having low wellbeing, but then using the domains, the reason for the low wellbeing can be identified.A case study is used to show how low wellbeing can be attributed to a particular domain in the area and then show how the indicators that were used for this domain can be used to identify exactly what is driving the low wellbeing for older people in the area. Results: Our overall findings show that the participation domain matters as the proportion of older people who are volunteers has the highest contribution to the well being index followed closely by the employment rate of older people. In contrast, functional ability domain reveals the need for assistance indicator has the highest contribution to reduce the wellbeing. Conclusion: We conclude that the index method used encourages the de-construction of the overall index, and provides a way to inform service providers in an area on the most effective ways to enhance wellbeing for older people in an area.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-04-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-985X.2011.00690.X
Abstract: The paper describes a method of small area estimation which uses a reweighting algorithm to reweight survey data to a number of known totals (benchmarks) for small areas. The method has so far been used to estimate small area poverty rates and housing stress. The method gives poverty rates for small areas that are similar to those available from the 2006 Australian census, when the same definition of poverty was used. Various methods of validating the poverty rates have been used, including aggregating the poverty rates to a larger area and comparing them with official Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates from a survey, and applying the spatial microsimulation to larger areas and comparing with official Australian Bureau of Statistics survey results. Both these tests show that the estimates are comparable and fairly robust for most states in Australia.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 16-09-2019
DOI: 10.1192/BJP.2019.204
Abstract: Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) influence the interactions of a person with their environment and generate economic and socioeconomic costs for the person, their family and society. To estimate costs of lost workforce participation due to informal caring for people with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorders by estimating lost income to in iduals, lost taxation payments to federal government and increased welfare payments. We used a microsimulation model based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Surveys of Disability, Ageing and Carers (population surveys of people aged 15–64), and projected costs of caring from 2015 in 5-year intervals to 2030. The model estimated that informal carers of people with intellectual disability and/or ASD in Australia had aggregated lost income of AU$310 million, lost taxation of AU$100 million and increased welfare payments of AU$204 million in 2015. These are projected to increase to AU$432 million, AU$129 million and AU$254 million for income, taxation, and welfare respectively by 2030. The income gap of carers for people with intellectual disability and/or ASD is estimated to increase by 2030, meaning more financial stress for carers. Informal carers of people with intellectual disability and/or ASD experience significant loss of income, leading to increased welfare payments and reduced taxation revenue for governments these are all projected to increase. Strategic policies supporting informal carers wishing to return to work could improve the financial and psychological impact of having a family member with intellectual disability and/or ASD. None.
Publisher: International Microsimulation Association
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.34196/IJM.00035
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-02-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-11-2015
Abstract: Depression has economic consequences not only for the health system, but also for in iduals and society. This study aims to quantify the potential economic impact of five-yearly screening for sub-syndromal depression in general practice among Australians aged 45-64 years, followed by a group-based psychological intervention to prevent progression to depression. We used an epidemiological simulation model to estimate reductions in prevalence of depression, and a microsimulation model, Health& WealthMOD2030, to estimate the impact on labour force participation, personal income, savings, taxation revenue and welfare expenditure. Group therapy is estimated to prevent around 5,200 prevalent cases of depression (2.2%) and add about 520 people to the labour force. Private incomes are projected to increase by $19 million per year, tax revenues by $2.4 million, and transfer payments are reduced by $2.6 million. Group-based psychological intervention to prevent depression could result in considerable economic benefits in addition to its clinical effects.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 25-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2011
DOI: 10.1002/PSP.601
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2017
DOI: 10.1002/JCOP.21835
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-04-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2010
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.200933
Abstract: The transition from water to land by the earliest tetrapods in the Devonian Period is seen as one of the greatest steps in evolution. However, little is understood concerning changes in brain morphology over this transition. Here, we determine the brain–braincase relationship in fishes and basal liss hibians as a proxy to elucidate the changes that occurred over the fish–tetrapod transition. We investigate six basal extant sarcopterygians spanning coelacanths to salamanders ( Latimeria chalumnae, Neoceratodus, Protopterus aethiopicus, P. dolloi, Cynops, Ambystoma mexicanum ) using micro-CT and MRI and quantify the brain–braincase relationship in these extant taxa. Our results show that regions of lowest brain–endocast disparity are associated with regions of bony reinforcement directly adjacent to masticatory musculature for the mandible except in Neoceratodus and Latimeria . In Latimeria this deviation from the trend can be accounted for by the possession of an intracranial joint and basicranial muscles, whereas in Neoceratodus difference is attributed to dermal bones contributing to the overall neurocranial reinforcement. Besides Neoceratodus and Latimeria, regions of low brain–endocast disparity occur where there is less reinforcement away from high mandibular muscle mass, where the trigeminal nerve complex exits the braincase and where endolymphatic sacs occupy space between the brain and braincase wall. Despite basal tetrapods possessing reduced adductor muscle mass and a different biting mechanism to piscine sarcopterygians, regions of the neurocranium lacking osteological reinforcement in the basal tetrapods Lethiscus and Brachydectes broadly correspond to regions of high brain–endocast disparity seen in extant taxa.
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.51084
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Date: 29-10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2011
DOI: 10.1002/PSP.692
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 30-10-2019
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12670
Abstract: We estimated the economic costs of informal care in the community from 2015 to 2030, using an Australian microsimulation model, Care&WorkMOD. The model was based on data from three Surveys of Disability, Ageing, and Carers (SDACs) for the Australian population aged 15-64 years old. Estimated national income lost was AU$3.58 billion in 2015, increasing to $5.33 billion in 2030 (49% increase). Lost tax payments were estimated at AU$0.99 billion in 2015, increasing to AU$1.44 billion in 2030 (45% increase), and additional welfare payments were expected to rise from $1.45 billion in 2015 to AU$1.94 in 2030 (34% increase). There are substantial economic costs both to informal carers and the government due to carers being out of the labour-force to provide informal care for people with chronic diseases. Health and social policies supporting carers to remain in the labour force may allow governments to make substantial savings, while improving the economic situation of carers.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-01-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-04-2022
Publisher: International Microsimulation Association
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.34196/IJM.00212
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2018
Publisher: International Microsimulation Association
Date: 31-08-2022
DOI: 10.34196/IJM.00265
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.5694/MJA15.00132
Abstract: To estimate (1) productive life years (PLYs) lost because of chronic conditions in Australians aged 45-64 years from 2010 to 2030, and (2) the impact of this loss on gross domestic product (GDP) over the same period. A microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD2030, was used to project lost PLYs caused by chronic conditions from 2010 to 2030. The base population consisted of respondents aged 45-64 years to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2003 and 2009. The national impact of lost PLYs was assessed with Treasury's GDP equation. Lost PLYs due to chronic disease at 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 (ie, whole life years lost because of chronic disease) the national impact of lost PLYs at the same time points (GDP loss caused by PLYs) the effects of population growth, labour force trends and chronic disease trends on lost PLYs and GDP at each time point. Using Health&WealthMOD2030, we estimated a loss of 347,000 PLYs in 2010 this was projected to increase to 459,000 in 2030 (32.28% increase over 20 years). The leading chronic conditions associated with premature exits from the labour force were back problems, arthritis and mental and behavioural problems. The percentage increase in the number of PLYs lost by those aged 45-64 years was greater than that of population growth for this age group (32.28% v 27.80%). The strongest driver of the increase in lost PLYs was population growth (accounting for 89.18% of the increase), followed by chronic condition trends (8.28%). Our study estimates an increase of 112 000 lost PLYs caused by chronic illness in older workers in Australia between 2010 and 2030, with the most rapid growth projected to occur in men aged 55-59 years and in women aged 60-64 years. The national impact of this lost labour force participation on GDP was estimated to be $37.79 billion in 2010, increasing to $63.73 billion in 2030.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-07-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.5B01858
Abstract: Microelectromechanical sensors based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducers possess substantial potential as online elemental mercury (Hg(0)) vapor detectors in industrial stack effluents. In this study, a comparison of SAW- and QCM-based sensors is performed for the detection of low concentrations of Hg(0) vapor (ranging from 24 to 365 ppbv). Experimental measurements and finite element method (FEM) simulations allow the comparison of these sensors with regard to their sensitivity, sorption and desorption characteristics, and response time following Hg(0) vapor exposure at various operating temperatures ranging from 35 to 75 °C. Both of the sensors were fabricated on quartz substrates (ST and AT cut quartz for SAW and QCM devices, respectively) and employed thin gold (Au) layers as the electrodes. The SAW-based sensor exhibited up to ∼111 and ∼39 times higher response magnitudes than did the QCM-based sensor at 35 and 55 °C, respectively, when exposed to Hg(0) vapor concentrations ranging from 24 to 365 ppbv. The Hg(0) sorption and desorption calibration curves of both sensors were found to fit well with the Langmuir extension isotherm at different operating temperatures. Furthermore, the Hg(0) sorption and desorption rate demonstrated by the SAW-based sensor was found to decrease as the operating temperature increased, while the opposite trend was observed for the QCM-based sensor. However, the SAW-based sensor reached the maximum Hg(0) sorption rate faster than the QCM-based sensor regardless of operating temperature, whereas both sensors showed similar response times (t90) at various temperatures. Additionally, the sorption rate data was utilized in this study in order to obtain a faster response time from the sensor upon exposure to Hg(0) vapor. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the developed sensors' selectivity showed that the SAW-based sensor had a higher overall selectivity (90%) than did the QCM counterpart (84%) while Hg(0) vapor was measured in the presence of ammonia (NH3), humidity, and a number of volatile organic compounds at the chosen operating temperature of 55 °C.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PSP.531
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-12-2012
Abstract: Housing-related financial stress or housing stress is usually measured on the basis of income and direct housing costs such as mortgage repayments and rents. One cost that is not included in calculations of housing stress, but which may be important, is the difference made by transport costs. This paper shows how a measure of housing stress that incorporates transport costs can give a different picture of housing stress from a measure that ignores transport costs. The result shows that, in capital cities, bringing transport costs into a housing stress measure particularly affects households with children. It is also found that the impact of transport costs is even greater outside capital cities and that access to public transport may play a role in determining the spatial pattern of housing stress and hence the impact of transport cost on housing stress.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 29-04-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-05-2019
Abstract: Disadvantaged communities tend to have poorer early childhood development outcomes. Access to safe, secure, and stable housing is a well-known social determinant of health but there is a need to examine key features of neighbourhood housing that reduce early childhood development inequities. The 2012 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), a population-wide measure of early childhood development, and the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-economic Index for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage were used to select fourteen disadvantaged local communities in five Australian states and territories based on those performing better (off-diagonal), or as expected (on-diagonal) on the AEDC relative to their socio-economic profile. Between 2015–2017, qualitative and quantitative housing data were collected in the local communities. In total, 87 interviews with stakeholders, 30 focus groups with local service providers and parents, and Australian Census dwelling information were analysed. A comparative case study approach was used to examine differences in housing characteristics (e.g., public housing, density, affordability, and tenure) between disadvantaged local communities performing ‘better than expected’ and ‘as expected’ on early childhood development. Perceived better housing affordability, objectively measured housing tenure (ownership) and perceived and objectively measured lower-density public housing were housing characteristics that emerged as points of difference for disadvantaged local communities where children had relatively better early childhood development outcomes. These characteristics are potential modifiable and policy sensitive housing levers for reducing early childhood development inequities.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-02-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-04-2023
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 15-09-2016
DOI: 10.1097/J.PAIN.0000000000000715
Abstract: This study projected the indirect costs of back problems through lost productive life years (PLYs) from the in idual's perspective (lost disposable income), the governmental perspective (reduced taxation revenue, greater welfare spending), and the societal perspective (lost gross domestic product, GDP) from 2015 to 2030, using Health& WealthMOD2030—Australia's first microsimulation model on the long-term impacts of ill-health. Quantile regression analysis was used to examine differences in median weekly income, welfare payments, and taxes of people unable to work due to back problems with working full-time without back problems as comparator. National costs and lost GDP resulting from missing workers due to back problems were also projected. We projected that 90,000 people have lost PLYs due to back problems in 2015, increasing to 104,600 in 2030 (16.2% increase). People with lost PLYs due to back problems are projected to receive AU$340.91 less in total income and AU$339.77 more in welfare payments per week than full-time workers without back problems in 2030 and pay no income tax on average. National costs consisted of a loss of AU$2931 million in annual income in 2015, increasing to AU$4660 million in 2030 (60% increase). For government, extra annual welfare payments are projected to increase from AU$1462 million in 2015 to AU$1709 million in 2030 (16.9% increase), and lost annual taxation revenue to increase from AU$671 million in 2015 to $961 million in 2030 (43.2% increase). We projected losses in GDP of AU$10,543 million in 2015, increasing to AU$14,522 million in 2030 due to back problems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-02-2012
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0256431
Abstract: There is increasing international interest in place-based approaches to improve early childhood development (ECD) outcomes. The available data and evidence are limited and precludes well informed policy and practice change. Developing the evidence-base for community-level effects on ECD is one way to facilitate more informed and targeted community action. This paper presents overall final findings from the Kids in Communities Study (KiCS), an Australian mixed methods investigation into community-level effects on ECD in five domains of influence–physical, social, governance, service, and sociodemographic. Twenty five local communities (suburbs) across Australia were selected based on ‘diagonality type’ i.e. whether they performed better (off-diagonal positive), worse (off-diagonal negative), or ‘as expected’ (on-diagonal) on the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) relative to their socioeconomic profile. The approach was designed to determine replicable and modifiable factors that were separate to socioeconomic status. Between 2015–2017, stakeholder interviews (n = 146), parent and service provider focus groups (n = 51), and existing socio-economic and early childhood education and care administrative data were collected. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses were undertaken to understand differences between 14 paired disadvantaged local communities (i.e. on versus off-diagonal). Further analysis of qualitative data elicited important factors for all 25 local communities. From this, we developed a draft set of ‘Foundational Community Factors’ (FCFs) these are the factors that lay the foundations of a good community for young children.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2015
Abstract: Lack of data on the spatial distribution of the social conditions of Australia's Indigenous peoples has created difficulties in the allocation of government and community programs. Small-area estimation methods can overcome this lack of data, but typically require access to a unit record file. However, strict confidentiality rules applied to these unit record files may hinder the development of these models. In Australia, unit record data for the Indigenous population is analysable only using Australian Bureau of Statistics servers remotely. This study looks specifically at this issue and offers a solution to the problem of confidentiality restrictions by using a synthetic database. The results show that reasonable small-area estimates of social conditions for Indigenous Australians can be derived from a small-area estimation (spatial microsimulation) model using a synthetic database. While this application is for Australia, the method developed can be used for any small-area model requiring unit record data that are not available due to confidentiality restrictions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1192/BJO.2022.540
Abstract: Mental illness has a significant impact not only on patients, but also on their carers’ capacity to work. To estimate the costs associated with lost labour force participation due to the provision of informal care for people with mental illness in Australia, such as income loss for carers and lost tax revenue and increased welfare payments for government, from 2015 to 2030. The output data of a microsimulation model Care& WorkMOD were analysed to project the financial costs of informal care for people with mental illness, from 2015 to 2030. Care& WorkMOD is a population-representative microsimulation model of the Australian population aged between 15 and 64 years, built using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Surveys of Disability, Ageing and Carers data and the data from other population-representative microsimulation models. The total annual national loss of income for all carers due to caring for someone with mental illness was projected to rise from AU$451 million (£219.6 million) in 2015 to AU$645 million (£314 million) in 2030 in real terms. For the government, the total annual lost tax revenue was projected to rise from AU$121 million (£58.9 million) in 2015 to AU$170 million (£82.8 million) in 2030 and welfare payments to increase from AU$170 million (£82.8 million) to AU$220 million (£107 million) in 2030. The costs associated with lost labour force participation due to the provision of informal care for people with mental illness are projected to increase for both carers and government, with a widening income gap between informal carers and employed non-carers, putting carers at risk of increased inequality.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1068/A4511
Abstract: Spatial microsimulation techniques have become an increasingly popular way of fulfilling the need for generating small-area data estimates. However, the technique also poses numerous methodological challenges, including the utilisation of two different databases simultaneously to produce estimates of population characteristics at the local level. An important but neglected question is whether different distributions of key variables within these two databases may affect the validity of the spatial estimation results. This study uses the significant policy issue of small-area estimates of child poverty rates in Australia to examine this question. The different income distributions for families with children in the two databases and the consequent effect on child-poverty estimates are assessed, while the apparent validity of these synthetic small-area poverty rates is gauged.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2014
No related grants have been discovered for Robert Tanton.