ARDC Research Link Australia

Publication

Who Goes to Metropolitan Parks? A Latent Class Analysis Approach to Understanding Park Visitation

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 18-07-2017

DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2017.1325798

Publication

Change in walking for transport: A longitudinal study of the influence of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual-level socioeconomic position in mid-aged adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-014-0151-7

Publication

Safe RESIDential Environments? A longitudinal analysis of the influence of crime-related safety on walking

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-02-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-016-0343-4

Publication

Sense of community and its relationship with walking and neighborhood design

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2010.01.021

Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the association between sense of community, walking, and neighborhood design characteristics. The current study is based on a sub-s le of participants (n=609) from the US Atlanta SMARTRAQ study who completed a telephone survey capturing physical activity patterns, neighborhood perceptions, and social interactions. Objective measures of neighborhood form were also computed. Univariate and multivariate models (General Linear Models (GLM)) were used to examine the association between sense of community (SofC) and aspects of the built environment, physical activity, and neighborhood perceptions. In multivariate models the impact on SofC was examined with progressive adjustment for demographics characteristics followed by walking behavior, neighborhood design features, neighborhood perceptions and time spent traveling in a car. After adjustment, SofC was positively associated with leisurely walking (days/week), home ownership, seeing neighbors when walking and the presence of interesting sites. SofC was also associated with higher commercial floor space to land area ratios (FAR) - a proxy for walkable site design that captures the degree to which retail destinations are set back from the street, the amount of surface parking, and urban design of an area. Conversely the presence of more mixed use and perceptions of steep hills were inversely associated with SofC. SofC is enhanced by living in areas that encourage leisurely walking, hence it is associated with living in neighbourhoods with lower levels of land use mix, but higher levels of commercial FAR. Our results suggest that in terms of SofC, the presence of commercial destinations may inhibit social interaction among local residents unless urban design is used to create convivial pedestrian-friendly commercial areas, e.g., providing street frontage, rather than flat surface parking. This finding has policy implications and warrants further investigation.

Publication

Publisher: Unpublished

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1097.6004

Publication

Creating SunSmart schools

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 02-2004

DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYG003

Publication

Does Fear of Crime Discourage Walkers? A Social-Ecological Exploration of Fear As a Deterrent to Walking

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 04-12-2012

DOI: 10.1177/0013916512465176

Abstract: Few studies have specifically investigated fear of crime as a deterrent to walking. This study tested the hypothesis that fear would inhibit residents from walking in their local neighborhoods. Homeowners ( n = 1,044) in Perth, Western Australia, reported their fear of crime, neighborhood problems and walking, and objective environmental measures were generated for each participant’s neighborhood. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the association between fear and walking, with progressive adjustment for other correlates. Fear was associated with lower odds of transport walking (OR = 0.79, p = .034) however, car access was ubiquitous so fearful participants could avoid walking. A similar association between fear and recreational walking attenuated after controlling for other neighborhood factors. Findings suggest that the capacity for fear to deter recreational walkers is not fixed, and that a supportive environment can lessen its impact. Community initiatives that encourage social interaction between residents and improve neighborhood aesthetics may increase levels of recreational walking.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-18

Publication

Increasing Walking: How Important Is Distance To, Attractiveness, and Size of Public Open Space?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2005

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2004.10.018

Abstract: Well-designed public open space (POS) that encourages physical activity is a community asset that could potentially contribute to the health of local residents. In 1995-1996, two studies were conducted-an environmental audit of POS over 2 acres (n =516) within a 408-km2 area of metropolitan Perth, Western Australia and personal interviews with 1803 adults (aged 18 to 59 years) (52.9% response rate). The association between access to POS and physical activity was examined using three accessibility models that progressively adjusted for distance to POS, and its attractiveness and size. In 2002, an observational study examined the influence of attractiveness on the use of POS by observing users of three pairs of high- and low-quality (based on attractiveness) POS matched for size and location. Overall, 28.8% of respondents reported using POS for physical activity. The likelihood of using POS increased with increasing levels of access, but the effect was greater in the model that adjusted for distance, attractiveness, and size. After adjustment, those with very good access to large, attractive POS were 50% more likely to achieve high levels of walking (odds ratio, 1.50 95% confidence level, 1.06-2.13). The observational study showed that after matching POS for size and location, 70% of POS users observed visited attractive POS. Access to attractive, large POS is associated with higher levels of walking. To increase walking, thoughtful design (and redesign) of POS is required that creates large, attractive POS with facilities that encourage active use by multiple users (e.g., walkers, sports participants, picnickers).

Publication

The impact of neighborhood walkability on walking: Does it differ across adult life stage and does neighborhood buffer size matter?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2013.10.005

Abstract: We explored the impact of neighborhood walkability on young adults, early-middle adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults' walking across different neighborhood buffers. Participants completed the Western Australian Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System Survey (2003-2009) and were allocated a neighborhood walkability score at 200m, 400m, 800m, and 1600m around their home. We found little difference in strength of associations across neighborhood size buffers for all life stages. We conclude that neighborhood walkability supports more walking regardless of adult life stage and is relevant for small (e.g., 200m) and larger (e.g., 1600m) neighborhood buffers.

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-30

Publication

The influence of the built environment, social environment and health behaviors on body mass index. Results from RESIDE

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.05.004

Abstract: To examine the in idual, behavioral, social and built environment correlates of body mass index (BMI) in an Australian adult population. Using data from 2003 to 2005 on 1151 participants in the RESIDential Environments project (RESIDE), Perth, Western Australia, linear regression was used to construct multivariate models to examine the variance in BMI explained by significant socio-demographic, environmental and health behavior variables. Both self-report and GIS-derived measures of the built environment were examined. Age, gender, hours of work, total physical activity, sedentary leisure time and dietary fat were all associated with BMI (p≤0.05). BMI was not associated with any objective measures of the built environment or social capital, social cohesion or dog ownership but was independently associated with one perceived environment measure (perceived safety from crime). Overall, 3.3% of the variance in BMI was explained by socio-demographic factors, a further 2.7% by health behaviors and a further 1.5% by perceived environment factors. Whilst evidence mounts of built environment correlates to physical activity, the demonstrated translation of these effects on BMI remain more elusive. Nevertheless, built environment factors that constrain physical activity warrant further exploration.

Publication

Active design of built environments for increasing levels of physical activity in adults: the ENABLE London natural experiment study

Publisher: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Date: 09-2020

DOI: 10.3310/PHR08120

Abstract: Low physical activity is widespread and poses a serious public health challenge both globally and in the UK. The need to increase population levels of physical activity is recognised in current health policy recommendations. There is considerable interest in whether or not the built environment influences health behaviours, particularly physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited. The effect of moving into East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village, repurposed on active design principles) on the levels of physical activity and adiposity, as well as other health-related and well-being outcomes among adults, was examined. The Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Environments in London (ENABLE London) study was a longitudinal cohort study based on a natural experiment. East Village, London, UK. A cohort of 1278 adults (aged ≥ 16 years) and 219 children seeking to move into social, intermediate and market-rent East Village accommodation were recruited in 2013–15 and followed up after 2 years. The East Village neighbourhood, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village, is a purpose-built, mixed-use residential development specifically designed to encourage healthy active living by improving walkability and access to public transport. Change in objectively measured daily steps from baseline to follow-up. Change in environmental exposures associated with physical activity was assessed using Geographic Information System-derived measures. In idual objective measures of physical activity using accelerometry, body mass index and bioelectrical impedance (per cent of fat mass) were obtained, as were perceptions of change in crime and quality of the built environment. We examined changes in levels of physical activity and adiposity using multilevel models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnic group, housing sector (fixed effects) and baseline household (random effect), comparing the change in those who moved to East Village (intervention group) with the change in those who did not move to East Village (control group). Effects of housing sector (i.e. social, intermediate/affordable, market-rent) as an effect modifier were also examined. Qualitative work was carried out to provide contextual information about the perceived effects of moving to East Village. A total of 877 adults (69%) were followed up after 2 years (mean 24 months, range 19–34 months, postponed from 1 year owing to the delayed opening of East Village), of whom 50% had moved to East Village insufficient numbers of children moved to East Village to be considered further. In adults, moving to East Village was associated with only a small, non-significant, increase in mean daily steps (154 steps, 95% confidence interval –231 to 539 steps), more so in the intermediate sector (433 steps, 95% confidence interval –175 to 1042 steps) than in the social and market-rent sectors (although differences between housing sectors were not statistically significant), despite sizeable improvements in walkability, access to public transport and neighbourhood perceptions of crime and quality of the built environment. There were no appreciable effects on time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity or sedentary time, body mass index or percentage fat mass, either overall or by housing sector. Qualitative findings indicated that, although participants enjoyed their new homes, certain design features might actually serve to reduce levels of activity. Despite strong evidence of large positive changes in neighbourhood perceptions and walkability, there was only weak evidence that moving to East Village was associated with increased physical activity. There was no evidence of an effect on markers of adiposity. Hence, improving the physical activity environment on its own may not be sufficient to increase population physical activity or other health behaviours. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research Vol. 8, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This research was also supported by project grants from the Medical Research Council National Prevention Research Initiative (MR/J000345/1).

Publication

Discussion of “How to Have Sustainable Transportation without Making People Drive Less or Give Up Suburban Living” by Mark Delucchi and Kenneth S. Kurani

Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000320

Publication

Walkability and walking for transport: characterizing the built environment using space syntax

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-11-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-016-0448-9

Publication

More Than a Furry Companion: The Ripple Effect of Companion Animals on Neighborhood Interactions and Sense of Community

Publisher: Brill

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1163/156853007X169333

Abstract: Companion animals (pets) exemplify the affinities possible between humans and nonhuman animals. Evidence documenting a ersity of emotional, physical, and therapeutic benefits of pet guardianship (ownership) substantiates sentimental anecdotes from pet owners. Although the literature focuses primarily on the "one to one" benefits accruing from interactions with pets, this paper explores the potential role of pets as facilitators of social interactions and sense of community. The paper uses triangulation to synthesize findings from qualitative and quantitative research undertaken in three Western Australian suburbs. The qualitative data derive from 12 focus groups and quantitative data, from a survey of 339 residents. In both qualitative and quantitative research, pet ownership positively associated with social interactions, favor exchanges, civic engagement, perceptions of neighborhood friendliness, and sense of community. Pets appeared to ameliorate some determinants of mental health such as loneliness. Findings suggest pets have a ripple effect extending beyond their guardians (owners) to non-pet owners and the broader community. Given the high rates of pet residency in neighborhoods, there is merit in further considering the nexus between pets and community health and well being.

Publication

Promoting participation in physical activity in a community intervention study

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1071/HE02205

Publication

Keeping Brazilians Moving: the importance of urban and transport planning

Publisher: Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health

Date: 30-06-2013

DOI: 10.12820/RBAFS.V.18N3P271

Publication

Modest ratios of fast food outlets to supermarkets and green grocers are associated with higher body mass index: Longitudinal analysis of a sample of 15,229 Australians aged 45 years and older in the

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2017.10.004

Abstract: Food purchasing decisions are made within the context of the range of options available, yet most epidemiological studies focus upon single outlet types. Ratios of fast food outlets to supermarkets and green grocers were linked to addresses of 15,229 adults in the 45 and Up Study at baseline (2006-2008) and follow-up (2009-2010). Compared to having no fast food outlet but having healthy food outlets within 3.2km from home, multilevel growth curves revealed that relative exposure>25% fast food outlets were associated with 0.36-1.19kg/m

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3628529_D1.V1

Publication

Patterns of social capital associated with transit oriented development

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTRANGEO.2014.02.003

Publication

Local Housing Characteristics Associated with Early Childhood Development Outcomes in Australian Disadvantaged Communities

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 16-05-2019

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH16101719

Abstract: Disadvantaged communities tend to have poorer early childhood development outcomes. Access to safe, secure, and stable housing is a well-known social determinant of health but there is a need to examine key features of neighbourhood housing that reduce early childhood development inequities. The 2012 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), a population-wide measure of early childhood development, and the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-economic Index for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage were used to select fourteen disadvantaged local communities in five Australian states and territories based on those performing better (off-diagonal), or as expected (on-diagonal) on the AEDC relative to their socio-economic profile. Between 2015–2017, qualitative and quantitative housing data were collected in the local communities. In total, 87 interviews with stakeholders, 30 focus groups with local service providers and parents, and Australian Census dwelling information were analysed. A comparative case study approach was used to examine differences in housing characteristics (e.g., public housing, density, affordability, and tenure) between disadvantaged local communities performing ‘better than expected’ and ‘as expected’ on early childhood development. Perceived better housing affordability, objectively measured housing tenure (ownership) and perceived and objectively measured lower-density public housing were housing characteristics that emerged as points of difference for disadvantaged local communities where children had relatively better early childhood development outcomes. These characteristics are potential modifiable and policy sensitive housing levers for reducing early childhood development inequities.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.1097/JGP.0B013E3181E9B9BF

Publication

Spatial and socioeconomic inequities in liveability in Australia'S 21 largest cities: Does city size matter?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2022.102899

Abstract: Spatial and area-level socioeconomic variation in urban liveability (access to social infrastructure, public transport, open space, healthy food choices, local employment, street connectivity, dwelling density, and housing affordability) was examined and mapped across 39,967 residential statistical areas in Australia's metropolitan (n = 7) and largest regional cities (n = 14). Urban liveability varied spatially, with inner-city areas more liveable than outer suburbs. Disadvantaged areas in larger metropolitan cities were less liveable than advantaged areas, but this pattern was reversed in smaller cities. Local data could inform policies to redress inequities, including those designed to avoid disadvantage being suburbanised as cities grow and gentrify.

Publication

The ABC of Physical Activity for Health: A consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 04-2010

DOI: 10.1080/02640411003671212

Abstract: Our understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health is constantly evolving. Therefore, the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences convened a panel of experts to review the literature and produce guidelines that health professionals might use. In the ABC of Physical Activity for Health, A is for All healthy adults, B is for Beginners, and C is for Conditioned in iduals. All healthy adults aged 18-65 years should aim to take part in at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, or at least 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities. Moderate-intensity activities are those in which heart rate and breathing are raised, but it is possible to speak comfortably. Vigorous-intensity activities are those in which heart rate is higher, breathing is heavier, and conversation is harder. Aerobic activities should be undertaken in bouts of at least 10 min and, ideally, should be performed on five or more days a week. All healthy adults should also perform muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week. Weight training, circuit classes, yoga, and other muscle-strengthening activities offer additional health benefits and may help older adults to maintain physical independence. Beginners should work steadily towards meeting the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults. Even small increases in activity will bring some health benefits in the early stages and it is important to set achievable goals that provide success, build confidence, and increase motivation. For ex le, a beginner might be asked to walk an extra 10 min every other day for several weeks to slowly reach the recommended levels of activity for all healthy adults. It is also critical that beginners find activities they enjoy and gain support in becoming more active from family and friends. Conditioned in iduals who have met the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults for at least 6 months may obtain additional health benefits by engaging in 300 min or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, or 150 min or more of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity each week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activities. Adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight and adults with increased risk of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes may in particular benefit from going beyond the levels of activity recommended for all healthy adults and gradually progressing towards meeting the recommendations for conditioned in iduals. Physical activity is beneficial to health with or without weight loss, but adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight should probably be encouraged to reduce energy intake and minimize time spent in sedentary behaviours to prevent further weight gain. Children and young people aged 5-16 years should accumulate at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per day, including vigorous-intensity aerobic activities that improve bone density and muscle strength.

Publication

Reduced sun exposure and tanning in children after 2 years of a school-based intervention (Australia)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1023/A:1011294023498

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the evaluation of measured suntan and parent-reported sun exposure in participating children after 2 years of the Kidskin study, a 5-year school-based sun protection intervention undertaken in Perth, Western Australia (1995-1999). The study involves three groups: a control, a "moderate", and a "high" intervention group. Participants were 5 or 6 years of age at the beginning of the study. Control schools received the standard Health Education curriculum, while intervention schools received a multicomponent intervention including a specially designed curriculum. Children in the high intervention group also received program materials over the summer vacation and were offered sun-protective swimwear at low cost. At the end of the second summer, suntan was measured and parents completed a questionnaire about their child's sun-related behavior. Children in the intervention groups--especially the high group--were less tanned at the end of the summer this effect was greater for the back than for the forearms. These children were also reported to have received less sun exposure and made greater use of sun protection measures. Intensive school-based interventions can reduce tanning and reported sun exposure in children.

Publication

Identifying destination distances that support walking trips in local neighborhoods

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTH.2016.08.009

Publication

Creating active environments across the life course: ''Thinking outside the square''

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 03-12-2009

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2008.054700

Abstract: The built environment and physical activity agenda provides a unique opportunity for public health, physical activity and planning researchers to be front and centre of a movement aimed at creating healthier and more sustainable environments. However, in order to optimise environments that encourage physical activity across the life course, researchers in this field need to think beyond their "square" -that is, the target group, setting and physical activity behaviour with which they work. We suggest that researchers working in this field need a better understanding of systems theory to appreciate that a change to one part of a complex system can positively and negatively influence other parts of the system. An understanding of systems theory would help minimise unintended negative consequences to other population subgroups or to other types of physical activity from the implementation of our research findings. In this way, a more comprehensive set of research, practice and programme-related activities may emerge, which will advance physical activity research and practice, and improve population health across the life course.

Publication

Additional file 2:. of Designing healthy communities: creating evidence on metrics for built environment features associated with walkable neighbourhood activity centres

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.5665519.V1

Publication

The walkability planning support system: An evidence-based tool to design healthy communities

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57819-4_9

Publication

Is the Neighbourhood Environment Associated with Sedentary Behaviour Outside of School Hours Among Children?

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 19-02-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S12160-011-9260-6

Abstract: Little is known about neighbourhood environments and children's sedentary behaviour outside school hours. This study aims to examine the associations between public open spaces (POS), parent perceptions of the neighbourhood and children's sedentary behaviours. Parents reported their child's television viewing and computer/electronic game time and their perceptions of the physical and social neighbourhood. Children's sedentary time was objectively assessed. The closest POS was audited. Cross-sectionally, living near a POS with a water feature and greater parental satisfaction with POS quality were negatively associated with computer/e-games greater POS area was negatively associated with TV viewing. Longitudinally, living in a cul-de-sac and greater satisfaction with POS quality were negatively associated with computer/e-games and TV viewing, respectively. A walking path in the POS was positively associated with computer/e-games. Neighbourhood features appear to positively and negatively influence children's sedentary behaviours, highlighting the complexity of urban planning on behaviour. Further age- and context-specific studies are required.

Publication

Publisher: CRC Press

Date: 22-02-2012

DOI: 10.1201/B11718-16

Publication

Additional file 1: of Safe RESIDential Environments? A longitudinal analysis of the influence of crime-related safety on walking

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3628529_D1

Publication

Identifying Off-Diagonal Communities Using the Australian Early Development Census Results

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-04-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11205-016-1333-2

Publication

Promoting physical activity—reducing obesity and non-communicable diseases

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 02-2018

DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198725916.003.0042

Abstract: Regular participation in physical activity is known to promote good health, prevent disease, and enhance well-being. Physical activity promotion requires a whole-of-government approach, not simply efforts of the health sectors. This chapter first provides a brief overview of non-communicable disease trends and the importance of physical activity in reducing the risks of these diseases. It then considers the association between access to public open space (land reserved for the provision of green space and natural environments that is freely accessible and intended for active or passive recreation) and physical activity patterns across the life course. The extent to which policy can be used to increase access to public open space is then discussed before some concluding comments about the important role played by planners, urban designers, and landscape architects in creating active living friendly environments, and researchers in addressing policy-relevant research priorities that could help move the agenda forward.

Publication

The impact of a park refurbishment in a low socioeconomic area on physical activity: a cost-effectiveness study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-03-2019

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-019-0786-5

Publication

The association between neighborhood greenness and weight status: An observational study in Perth Western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-06-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-49

Publication

Face-to-face household interviews versus telephone interviews for health surveys

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-1997

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.1997.TB01672.X

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare response distributions in health surveys for two interview modes: face-to-face household interviews and telephone interviews. There were two s les of the Perth metropolitan general population aged 16 to 69 years: a face-to-face household s le (n = 1000) and a telephone s le (n = 222). The s les were generated by probability-based methods commonly used by commercial market research organisations. The surveys occurred in August-September 1992 as part of a larger statewide survey component of a three-year evaluation of the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation. Respondents were drawn from a two-stage cluster s le based on private dwellings for personal interviews, and from randomly selected listed and unlisted private numbers for telephone interviews. Although the s les did not differ significantly on a number of variables, the telephone s le was significantly higher in residential social status there was significantly lower reporting of smoking and lower unsafe alcohol consumption in the telephone s le: significantly higher proportions of the telephone s le were in Prochaska's 'action' stage of change for several health behaviours and there was significantly greater recall of health messages in the telephone s le. Health researchers should treat comparisons between different survey modes with caution, and should be aware that c aign evaluations using telephone surveys and household surveys may yield substantially different results.

Publication

Conceptualising and Measuring Spatial Indicators of Employment Through a Liveability Lens

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-05-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11205-015-0978-6

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3946000.V1

Publication

Increasing Children’s Physical Activity

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 11-10-2011

DOI: 10.1177/1090198111423272

Abstract: Background. Efforts to increase the prevalence of children’s active school transport require evidence to inform the development of comprehensive interventions. This study used a multilevel ecological framework to investigate in idual, social, and environmental factors associated with walking to and from school among elementary school-aged children, stratified by gender. Method. Boys aged 10 to 13 years ( n = 617) and girls aged 9 to 13 years ( n = 681) attending 25 Australian primary schools located in high or low walkable neighborhoods completed a 1-week travel diary and a parent/child questionnaire on travel habits and attitudes. Results. Boys were more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37 p .05) to walk if their school neighborhood had high connectivity and low traffic and less likely to walk if they had to cross a busy road (OR = 0.49 p .05). For girls, confidence in their ability to walk to or from school without an adult (OR = 2.03), school encouragement (OR = 2.43), scheduling commitments (OR = 0.41), and parent-perceived convenience of driving (OR = 0.24) were significantly associated ( p .05) with walking. Irrespective of gender and proximity to school, child-perceived convenience of walking (boys OR = 2.17 and girls OR = 1.84) and preference to walk to school (child perceived, boys OR = 5.57, girls OR = 1.84 and parent perceived, boys OR = 2.82, girls OR = 1.90) were consistently associated ( p .05) with walking to and from school. Conclusion. Although there are gender differences in factors influencing children walking to and from school, proximity to school, the safety of the route, and family time constraints are consistent correlates. These need to be addressed if more children are to be encouraged to walk to and from school.

Publication

The cost-effectiveness of installing sidewalks to increase levels of transport-walking and health

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-1970

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2014.07.041

Abstract: This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of installing sidewalks to increase levels of transport-walking. Secondary analysis using logistic regression established the association of sidewalks with transport-walking using two transport-walking thresholds of 150 and 60 min/week using Western Australian data (n=1394) from 1995 to 2000. Minimum, moderate and maximum interventions were defined, associated respectively with one sidewalk, at least one sidewalk and sidewalks on both sides of the street. Costs, average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated for each intervention and expressed as 'the cost per person who walks for transport for more than 150 min/week (60 min/week) after the installation of new sidewalks'. A sensitivity analysis examined the robustness of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios to varying model inputs. Costs are in 2012 Australian dollars. A positive relationship was found between the presence of sidewalks and transport-walking for both transport-walking thresholds of 150 and 60 min/week. The minimum intervention was found to be the most cost-effective at $2330 erson and $674 erson for the 150 and 60 min/week transport-walking thresholds respectively. Increasing the proportion of people transport-walking and increasing population density by 50% improved the cost-effectiveness of installing side-walks to $346 erson. To increase levels of transport-walking, retrofitting streets with one sidewalk is most cost-effective.

Publication

Physical, policy, and sociocultural characteristics of the primary school environment are positively associated with children's physical activity during class time

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 03-2014

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.2011-0443

Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a multidomain model to identify key characteristics of the primary school environment associated with children’s physical activity (PA) during class-time. Accelerometers were used to calculate time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during class-time (CMVPA) of 408 sixth-grade children (mean ± SD age 11.1 ± 0.43 years) attending 27 metropolitan primary schools in Perth Western Australia. Child and staff self-report instruments and a school physical environment scan administered by the research team were used to collect data about children and the class and school environments. Hierarchical modeling identified key variables associated with CMVPA. The final multilevel model explained 49% of CMVPA. A physically active physical education (PE) coordinator, fitness sessions incorporated into PE sessions and either a trained PE specialist, classroom teacher or nobody coordinating PE in the school, rather than the deputy principal, were associated with higher CMVPA. The amount of grassed area per student and sporting apparatus on grass were also associated with higher CMVPA. These results highlight the relevance of the school’s sociocultural, policy and physical environments in supporting class-based PA. Interventions testing optimization of the school physical, sociocultural and policy environments to support physical activity are warranted.

Publication

Effect of Scale on the Links between Walking and Urban Design

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-03-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1745-5871.2011.00689.X

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTRANGEO.2018.04.017

Publication

The impact of the kidskin sun protection intervention on summer suntan and reported sun exposure: Was it sustained?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1071/HE08118

Abstract: This qualitative research explored the relationship between dog ownership and dog-related, social environmental and physical environmental factors associated with walking with a dog. Seven focus groups with dog owners (n=51) were conducted. A pre-determined discussion guide was used and transcripts were analysed as group data, using content analysis to identify common themes. Many of the physical environmental barriers and facilitators that influenced dog owners to walk were similar to those found in the literature for general walking. However, a number of key motivators for walking, specific to dog owners, were identified. Dog owners reported that their dog was a strong source of motivation, companionship and social support that encouraged them to walk with their dog. The availability and accessibility of public open space (POS) for dogs and the provision of dog-related infrastructure within POS were also important environmental factors that affected whether owners walked with their dog. Results from this qualitative study were used to develop the Dogs and Physical Activity (DAPA) tool which is now being used to measure the walking behaviour of dog owners.

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-06-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-600

Publication

Misclassification of social disadvantage based on geographical areas: Comparison of postcode and collector's district analyses

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1995

DOI: 10.1093/IJE/24.1.165

Abstract: Analysis of socioeconomic status (SES), defined on the basis of geographical area, will always be subject to misclassification of in iduals. We studied the relationship between SES and selected health-related measures when SES was defined firstly on the basis of postcode and secondly on the basis of the smaller spatial area of collector's district (CD). A Census population of 1.4 million was used to investigate the misclassification of in iduals to SES group using postcode as opposed to CD. A field survey of 1000 respondents and a mortality register of 1756 deaths were used to compare the relationship between SES and certain outcome variables, when SES group was assigned using postcode and CD. Misclassification probability matrices were used to try to adjust the postcode-based results to approximate CD-based results. The Census data showed that nearly 50% of residents were misclassified into SES groups by the postcode-based system compared with a CD-based system. In comparing the most socially disadvantaged group with the least disadvantaged group, the postcode analysis underestimated the absolute effects of SES by 58% for the increased prevalence of smoking, by 19% for the reduced prevalence of participation in junior sporting clubs and by 13% for the increased mortality rate at ages 0-64 years. Adjustment of postcode-based results using misclassification matrices proved fruitless due to differential misclassification and technical difficulties. Misclassification of in iduals to SES groups on the basis of postcode has caused an underestimation of the true relationship between SES and health-related measures. A reduction of this misclassification by using smaller spatial areas, such as CD or census enumeration districts, will provide improved validity in estimating the true relationship.

Publication

Streets Apart: Does Social Capital Vary with Neighbourhood Design?

Publisher: Hindawi Limited

Date: 02-09-2012

DOI: 10.1155/2012/507503

Abstract: While neighbourhood differences in social capital have been mapped, few empirical studies have considered the nexus between specific physical characteristics of communities and social capital. In this study we hypothesised that social capital would be positively associated with a more walkable street network design, but inversely associated with negative experiences and perceptions of neighbourhood environments. Data was gathered through a random cross-sectional telephone survey of adults ( n = 339 ) from three suburbs with differing street network design. Although there was some relationship between street network layout and social capital, this was not always as hypothesised by previous studies. Perceived incivilities, lower levels of trust and support were among factors that may have countered some of the positive influences of a walkable street network design on social capital. Overall, our findings suggest that the built environment may influence neighbourhood social capital at both a real and perceived level. While the actual presence and type of facilities, neighbourhood design and walkability may impact on social capital formation and maintenance, so too can perceptions of the physical and social environment. Understanding the complex intertwining of physical neighbourhood features, perceptions and social dynamics is relevant to growing public policy interest in strengthening social capital for enhanced community wellbeing.

Publication

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 07-2012

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E318247D286

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.CITIES.2013.07.001

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 10-2016

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2016-012643

Publication

Testing the Reliability of Neighborhood-Specific Measures of Physical Activity Among Canadian Adults

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 05-2009

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.6.3.367

Abstract: Capturing neighborhood-specific physical activity is necessary to advance understanding of the relations between neighborhood walkability and physical activity. This study examined the test–retest reliability of previously developed items (from the Neighborhood Physical Activity Questionnaire) for capturing setting-specific physical activity among Canadian adults. Randomly s led adults (N = 117) participated in 2 telephone interviews 2 to 5 days apart. Respondents were asked a series of items capturing frequency and duration of transportation-related walking, recreational walking, and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity undertaken inside and outside the neighborhood in a usual week. The test–test reliability of reported physical activity levels were then examined using intraclass and Spearman’s rank correlations, kappa coefficients, and overall agreement. Participation, frequency, and the duration of transportation-related and recreational walking and vigorous-intensity physical activity inside and outside the neighborhood showed moderate to excellent test–retest reliability. Moderate reliability was found for moderate-intensity physical activity undertaken inside ( k = .48 ICC frequency = .38 ICC duration = .39) and outside ( k = .51 ICC frequency = .79 ICC duration = .31) the neighborhood. Neighborhood-specific physical activity items administered by telephone interview are reliable and are therefore appropriate for use in future studies examining neighborhood walk-ability and physical activity.

Publication

Creating sense of community: The role of public space

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVP.2012.07.002

Publication

Examining associations between area-level spatial measures of housing with selected health and wellbeing behaviours and outcomes in an urban context

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2016.11.003

Abstract: Adequate and affordable housing is a major social determinant of health yet no work has attempted to conceptually map and spatially test area-level measures of housing with selected health and wellbeing outcomes. Sourcing data from 7,753 adults from Melbourne, Australia, we tested associations between area-level measures of housing density, tenure, and affordability with in idual-level measures of neighbourhood safety, community satisfaction, and self-rated health. Compared with the reference groups, the odds of: feeling unsafe was higher for residents living in areas with less affordable housing community dissatisfaction was ~30% higher in those living in areas with >36% residential properties assigned as rentals, and was significantly higher in the least affordable areas (OR =1.57). Compared with the reference groups, as dwelling density, proportion of rental properties, and housing unaffordability increased, the odds of reporting poorer self-rated health increased however these associations did not always reach statistical significance. This work highlights the benefits of evidenced-based planning spatial measures to support health and wellbeing.

Publication

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2017

DOI: 10.1071/HE15098

Publication

Increasing the reach of health sponsorship: Using a sponsorship kit to promote health

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 11-2000

DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-15.2.126

Abstract: In Australia, a tobacco tax provides funding for Healthway, the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation. Healthway provides sponsorships for the arts and racing and sporting events to replace funds previously provided by tobacco companies. These sponsorships provide visibility for Healthway and positive health messages. Normally, Healthway staff attends these events to help promote health messages. To reduce Healthway staff time spent helping event organizers promote health messages, Healthway developed a sponsor kit of promotional materials which communicate health messages without requiring Healthway staff to attend events. Recognition, awareness, comprehension, and acceptance of health messages was comparable at events that featured Healthway staff versus the sponsor kits, but the average cost of the sponsorship kits was only 40% of the cost when Healthway staff was featured.

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3628529

Publication

Additional file 4: of An open-source tool to identify active travel from hip-worn accelerometer, GPS and GIS data

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.7120571

Publication

The anatomy of the safe and social suburb : An exploratory study of the built environment, social capital and residents' perceptions of safety

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2007.04.004

Abstract: This study explored the relationship between social capital and aspects of the built environment, focusing in particular on the walkability of suburbs as determined by street network design and the mix of land uses. We measured social capital and feelings of personal safety in 335 residents of three suburbs in metropolitan Perth, WA, and collected objective and perceived data on the built environment. After adjustment for demographic factors, the built environment was found to have a significant but small effect on social capital and feelings of safety, particularly in relation to the number and perceived adequacy of destinations. A high level of neighbourhood upkeep was associated with both higher social capital and feelings of safety.

Publication

Constructing indices representing supportiveness of the physical environment for walking using the Rasch measurement model

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-44

Publication

Cycling as a part of daily life: a review of health perspectives

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.5167/UZH-111548

Publication

Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.PMEDR.2015.04.020

Publication

Banning tobacco sponsorship: Replacing tobacco with health messages and creating health-promoting environments

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-1997

DOI: 10.1136/TC.6.2.115

Abstract: To evaluate the replacement of Western Australian tobacco sponsorship with health promotion sponsorship by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (known as "Healthway"), following the Tobacco Control Act 1990. Process measures of performance were collected from 25 tobacco replacement projects (sponsorship by Healthway of sport, racing, and arts groups previously supported by tobacco companies) and 727 other health sponsorship projects, that is, new sponsorship provided by Healthway to these groups. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 917 respondents at tobacco replacement and 2352 at other sponsorship venues. Sport, racing, and arts venues sponsored by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (Healthway) in 1991-95. Population reach, occasions of media publicity, healthy structural changes, cognitive/attitudinal impact of health messages, and the prevalence of five health-risk behaviours. Tobacco replacement and other sponsorship projects achieved comparable performance in publicity for health messages and in healthy structural change, but replacement projects achieved a fourfold higher level of direct population reach for a given amount of funding. Structural change towards a smoke-free environment occurred more often in tobacco replacement projects and a permanent smoke-free policy was achieved in 47% of projects, compared with 15% in other sponsorship projects. The prevalence ratio of current smoking at tobacco replacement venues was 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.62 to 2.04) relative to other sponsorship venues. There was evidence of higher cognitive resistance to health messages at venues previously sponsored by tobacco companies. A comprehensive ban on tobacco sponsorship linked to health promotion activities funded by tobacco tax delivers potential public health benefits that exceed those achieved by prohibition of tobacco sponsorship alone. Tobacco replacement venues offer opportunities for environmental modification, promotion of anti-smoking messages, and targeting groups that are hard to reach.

Publication

Do changes in residents' fear of crime impact their walking? Longitudinal results from RESIDE

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2014.02.011

Abstract: To examine the influence of fear of crime on walking for participants in a longitudinal study of residents in new suburbs. Participants (n=485) in Perth, Australia, completed a questionnaire about three years after moving to their neighbourhood (2007-2008), and again four years later (2011-2012). Measures included fear of crime, neighbourhood perceptions and walking (min/week). Objective environmental measures were generated for each participant's neighbourhood, defined as the 1600 m road network distance from home, at each time-point. Linear regression models examined the impact of changes in fear of crime on changes in walking, with progressive adjustment for other changes in the built environment, neighbourhood perceptions and demographics. An increase in fear of crime was associated with a decrease in residents' walking inside the local neighbourhood. For each increase in fear of crime (i.e., one level on a five-point Likert scale) total walking decreased by 22 min/week (p=0.002), recreational walking by 13 min/week (p=0.031) and transport walking by 7 min/week (p=0.064). This study provides longitudinal evidence that changes in residents' fear of crime influence their walking behaviours. Interventions that reduce fear of crime are likely to increase walking and produce public health gains.

Publication

Planning safer suburbs: Do changes in the built environment influence residents' perceptions of crime risk?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2013.08.010

Abstract: A growing body of evidence has reiterated the negative impacts that crime and perceptions of insecurity can have on the health and wellbeing of local residents. Strategies that reduce residents' perceived crime risk may contribute to improved health outcomes however interventions require a better understanding of the neighbourhood influences on residents perceptions of crime and safety. We examined the impact of changes in the objective built environment following relocation on changes in residents' perceived crime risk for participants in a longitudinal study of people moving to new neighbourhoods in Perth, Western Australia (n = 1159). They completed a questionnaire before moving to their new neighbourhood, and again 36 months after relocation. In idual-level objective environmental measures were generated at both time points using Geographic Information Systems, focussing on the characteristics that comprise a 'walkable neighbourhood'. Linear regression models examined the influence of objective environmental changes between the two environments on perceived crime risk, with progressive adjustment for other change variables (i.e., perceptions of the physical and social environment, reported crime). We found that increases in the proportion of land allocated to shopping/retail land-uses increased residents' perceived crime risk (β = 11.875, p = 0.001), and this relationship remained constant, despite controlling for other influences on perceived crime risk (β = 9.140, p = 0.004). The findings highlight an important paradox: that the neighbourhood characteristics known to enhance one outcome, such as walking, may negatively impact another. In this instance, the 'strangers' that retail destinations attract to a neighbourhood may be interpreted by locals as a threat to safety. Thus, in areas with more retail destinations, it is vital that other environmental strategies be employed to balance any negative effects that retail may have on residents' perceptions of crime risk (e.g., minimising incivilities, improved lighting and aesthetics).

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.APGEOG.2012.11.010

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 02-2007

DOI: 10.1136/JECH.2006.048520

Publication

Effects of Find Thirty every day®: Cross-Sectional Findings From a Western Australian Population-Wide Mass Media Campaign, 2008-2010

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 04-10-2013

DOI: 10.1177/1090198112459515

Abstract: Background. Internationally, over the last four decades large-scale mass media c aigns have been delivered to promote physical activity and its associated health benefits. In 2002-2005, the first Western Australian statewide adult physical activity c aign Find Thirty. It’s Not a Big Exercise was launched. In 2007, a new iteration of the c aign was proposed with new objectives, executions, and tag line Find Thirty every day ® . Purpose. This article reports on the population-level effects of the Find Thirty every day ® c aign from 2008 to 2010, with a focus on changes in awareness, intention, and physical activity. Methods. Evaluation of the c aign involved pre- and posttest serial cross-sectional surveys. Baseline data were collected in May 2008, and subsequent surveys in 2009 and 2010. S les sizes were as follows: baseline ( n = 972), first follow-up ( n = 938), and second follow-up ( n = 937). Data were derived from self-reported responses to a random-s le computer-assisted telephone interview. Results. Total awareness increased from 30.4% at baseline to 48.5% at second follow-up. Total awareness was higher in women and low socioeconomic status adults. Intention was 21.0%, double that reported at baseline. There were positive significant changes from baseline to first follow-up across all four categories: walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity. There also were positive significant changes for self-reported walking from baseline to second follow-up. Conclusion. Find Thirty every day ® resulted in an increase in awareness, intention, walking, vigorous intensity, and total level of physical activity in priority target groups. C aign effects should be further examined by subgroups to identify the most receptive population segments.

Publication

Using walkability measures to identify train stations with the potential to become transit oriented developments located in walkable neighbourhoods

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTRANGEO.2019.03.009

Publication

Encouraging children and adolescents to be more active

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 04-10-2007

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.39345.679514.80

Publication

Evaluating projects funded by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation: First results

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1996

DOI: 10.1093/HEAPRO/11.2.75

Publication

Perceptions of the Built Environment and Associations With Walking Among Retirement Village Residents

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 17-07-2012

DOI: 10.1177/0013916512450173

Abstract: Housing options, such as retirement villages, that promote and encourage healthy behaviors are needed to accommodate the growing older adult population. To examine how environmental perceptions relate to walking, residents of retirement villages in Perth, Australia, were s led, and associations between a wide range of village and neighborhood environmental attributes and walking leisurely, briskly, and for transport were examined. Perceived village features associated with walking included aesthetics (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72), personal safety (OR = 0.43), and services and facilities (OR = 0.80), whereas neighborhood attributes included fewer physical barriers (OR = 1.37) and proximate destinations (OR = 1.93). Findings suggest that locating retirement villages in neighborhoods with many local destinations may encourage more walking than providing many services and facilities within villages. Indeed, safe villages rich with amenities were shown to be related to less walking in residents. These findings have implications for the location, design, and layout of retirement villages.

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 20-02-2015

DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2014.1002606

Publication

An analysis of local government health policy against state priorities and a social determinants framework

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2015

DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12463

Abstract: Victorian local governments are required to develop Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plans that incorporate state-level health planning priorities and address the social determinants of health. This paper describes a novel method for evaluating councils' performance against these requirements. Deductive content analysis was used to categorise all actions in 14 local government MPHWPs against Victorian state priorities as well as against social determinants of health policy areas. More than 1,000 actions were identified. However, fewer than half directly addressed a state priority, with many actions addressing policy areas known to be broader determinants of health. In particular, there was a marked focus on leisure and culture, and on building social cohesion through changes to living and working conditions. Councils are working beyond state priorities and there was a clear emphasis on addressing the erse upstream 'causes of the causes' of health, rather than health promotion behaviour change programs. The approach for data analysis and presentation provides a useful method for rapid appraisal of health and wellbeing actions relative to councils', and the State's, responsibility and efficacy in public health.

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.7120532

Publication

Is there a place for social capital in the psychology of health and place?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVP.2007.11.003

Publication

The impact of the built environment on health across the life course: Design of a cross-sectional data linkage study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2012-002482

Publication

Work Group IV: Future Directions for Measures of the Food and Physical Activity Environments

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2009.01.008

Abstract: Much progress has been made in the past 5 to 10 years in measuring and understanding the impact of the food and physical activity environments on behavioral outcomes. Nevertheless, this research is in its infancy. A work group was convened to identify current evidence gaps and barriers in food and physical activity environments and policy research measures, and develop recommendations to guide future directions for measurement and methodologic research efforts. A nominal group process was used to determine six priority areas for food and physical activity environments and policy measures to move the field forward by 2015, including: (1) identify relevant factors in the food and physical activity environments to measure, including those most amenable to change (2) improve understanding of mechanisms for relationships between the environment and physical activity, diet, and obesity (3) develop simplified measures that are sensitive to change, valid for different population groups and settings, and responsive to changing trends (4) evaluate natural experiments to improve understanding of food and physical activity environments and their impact on behaviors and weight (5) establish surveillance systems to predict and track change over time and (6) develop standards for adopting effective health-promoting changes to the food and physical activity environments. The recommendations emanating from the work group highlight actions required to advance policy-relevant research related to food and physical activity environments.

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3946000

Publication

Supporting pandemic disease preparedness: Development of a composite index of area vulnerability

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2021.102629

Publication

Designing healthy communities: Creating evidence on metrics for built environment features associated with walkable neighbourhood activity centres

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-017-0621-9

Publication

“I'm Just a'-Walking the Dog” Correlates of Regular Dog Walking

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1097/FCH.0B013E3181C4E208

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.4241210.V1

Publication

Suspicious minds: Can features of the local neighbourhood ease parents' fears about stranger danger?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVP.2015.02.001

Publication

Sun safety education intervention for school and home

Publisher: Emerald

Date: 12-2003

DOI: 10.1108/09654280310502834

Publication

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.7120532.V1

Publication

Public Open Spaces and Leisure-Time Walking in Brazilian Adults

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 23-05-2017

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH14060553

Publication

A cross-sectional study of the individual, social, and built environmental correlates of pedometerbased physical activity among elementary school children

Publisher: BioMed Central

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.11575/PRISM/33626

Publication

Additional file 4: of An open-source tool to identify active travel from hip-worn accelerometer, GPS and GIS data

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.7120571.V1

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2009.9686810

Publication

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in Western Australian school-aged children; 2008 compared with 2003

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 20-11-2013

DOI: 10.1017/S136898001300311X

Abstract: Due to rising rates of obesity globally, the present study aimed to examine differences in overweight and underweight prevalence in Western Australian schoolchildren in 2008 compared with 2003. Cross-sectional study at two time points using two-stage stratified s ling, primary and secondary schools in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan Western Australia s le selected was representative of the State's population figures. Seventeen primary and thirteen secondary (2008) and nineteen primary and seventeen secondary (2003) schools. Government and non-government funded schools in metropolitan and non-metropolitan (regional/rural) Western Australia were recruited. Height and weight were measured for 1708 (961 primary and 747 secondary) students in 2008 and 1694 (876 primary and 817 secondary) students in 2003. Overweight and obesity prevalence in primary students was similar in 2008 (22·9 %) to 2003 (23·2 % P 0·05). In secondary girls overweight and obesity prevalence dropped from 23·1 % (2003) to 15·9 % (2008 P = 0·002). Secondary boys showed a slight decrease in overweight and obesity prevalence however, this was not statistically significant ( P = 0·102). Higher proportions of underweight in primary girls were observed in 2008 (9·9 %) compared with 2003 (4·2 % P 0·001) and in secondary girls in 2008 (9·4 %) compared with 2003 (5·5 % P 0·001). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Western Australian primary students was stable however, it declined in secondary students. Both primary and secondary girls showed an increase in underweight prevalence. Public health interventions are needed for the high percentage of youth still overweight, whereas the observed increase in underweight girls warrants attention and further investigation.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.LANDURBPLAN.2013.04.020

Publication

Evaluation of an Intervention to Reduce Sun Exposure in Children, Design and Baseline Results

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 15-07-1999

DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.AJE.A009976

Abstract: The Kidskin Study is a 5-year intervention study (1995-1999) involving 1,776 5- and 6-year-old children attending 33 primary schools in Perth, Western Australia. The aim of the study is to design, implement, and evaluate an intervention to reduce sun exposure in young children. There are three study groups: a control group, a "moderate intervention" group, and a "high intervention" group. The control schools receive the standard Western Australian health education curriculum, while the moderate and high intervention schools receive a specially designed curricular intervention. In addition, children in the high intervention group receive program materials over the summer holidays, when exposure is likely to be highest, and are offered sun-protective swimwear at low cost. The main outcome measure is the number of nevi on the back. Other outcomes include nevi on the chest (boys only), face, and arms, levels of suntanning, degree of freckling, and sun-related behaviors. At baseline, the three groups were similar with respect to nevi and freckling after adjustment for observer and month of observation. Sun exposure was slightly higher in the high intervention group. The groups were also similar with respect to most potential confounders, although they differed with respect to Southern European ethnicity and parental education.

Publication

Environmental Factors Associated With Active Living in Retirement Village Residents

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 08-08-2012

DOI: 10.1177/0164027512454886

Abstract: This exploratory enquiry employs qualitative methods to advance knowledge and understanding of physical environmental attributes related to active living among residents of Australian retirement villages. Six focus groups ( n = 51 residents) were held and participants described how their current, and subsequently ideal, retirement village and neighborhood supported active lifestyles. Thematic analysis revealed three key environmental factors associated with active living: a positive social environment within the village services and facilities provided in the village and wider neighborhood and the presence of suitable pedestrian infrastructure. The unique discovery that environmental factors of both the retirement village and the surrounding neighborhood were associated with residents’ active living raises many questions for study. Findings informed the development of a survey instrument, and further understanding in this area has the potential to contribute to the design and siting practices of senior housing complexes within neighborhoods.

Publication

Associations Between Intrapersonal and Neighborhood Environmental Characteristics and Cycling for Transport and Recreation in Adults: Baseline Results From the RESIDE Study

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 07-2010

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.7.4.423

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between in idual and neighborhood environmental factors and cycling for transport and for recreation among adults living in Perth, Western Australia. Baseline cross-sectional data from 1813 participants (40.5% male age range 18 to 78 years) in the RESIDential Environment (RESIDE) project were analyzed. The questionnaire included information on cycling behavior and on cycling-specific in idual, social environmental, and neighborhood environmental attributes. Cycling for transport and recreation were dichotomized as whether or not in iduals cycled in a usual week. Among the in idual factors, positive attitudes toward cycling and perceived behavioral control increased the odds of cycling for transport and for recreation. Among the neighborhood environmental attributes, leafy and attractive neighborhoods, access to bicycle/walking paths, the presence of traffic slowing devices and having many 4-way street intersections were positively associated with cycling for transport. Many alternative routes in the local area increased the odds of cycling for recreation. Effective strategies for increasing cycling (particularly cycling for transport) may include incorporating supportive environments such as creating leafy and attractive neighborhood surroundings, low traffic speed, and increased street connectivity, in addition to c aigns aimed at strengthening positive attitudes and confidence to cycle.

Publication

Epidemiological measures of participation in community health promotion projects

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1995

DOI: 10.1093/IJE/24.5.1013

Abstract: The paper is concerned with the use of epidemiological methods to measure the rates at which different strata of a defined population participate in community health promotion projects. The specific aim was to estimate the incidence rates of participation in projects sponsored by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (Healthway), separately for sociodemographic and health-related behavioural subgroups. Data were drawn from Healthway sponsorship projects in 1992. Each sport, arts and racing project was associated with promotion of a health message and creation of a health promoting environment. The study used a two-stage s ling design. Thirteen of 57 large sponsorship projects and 30 of 129 small projects were selected. In the second stage, respondents were randomly surveyed from among project participants. A total of 4060 respondents aged > or = 10 years was s led from the 43 selected projects. Population-based incident participants were estimated and were related to person-years at risk. The total participation rate was 4.01 per person-year. The rate was very high at ages 10-14 years and thereafter declined with increasing age. Compared with the least socially disadvantaged 25% of population, the participation rate fell by around one-third in the medium and high disadvantage groups, but exceeded the baseline by a ratio of 1.85 (95% confidence interval: 1.57-2.18) in the most disadvantaged 10% of population. The effect was most pronounced at ages 10-19 years. Participation was higher in those who smoked, drank alcohol unsafely, reported sunburn and reported low consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, participation was reduced in people who were sedentary. Epidemiological methods can be used to evaluate the distribution of participation of a population in community health promotion projects. The Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation has been successful in reaching disadvantaged youth.

Publication

The association between sidewalk length and walking for different purposes in established neighborhoods

Publisher: BioMed Central

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.11575/PRISM/33636

Publication

Relative Influences of Individual, Social Environmental, and Physical Environmental Correlates of Walking

Publisher: American Public Health Association

Date: 09-2003

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1583

Abstract: Objectives. This study sought to examine in idual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthy workers and homemakers residing in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Results. Most respondents walked for transport or recreation, but only 17.2% did a sufficient amount of walking to accrue health benefits. After adjustment, the relative influences of in idual, social environmental, and physical environmental factors were found to be almost equally important. Conclusions. Although walking is popular, few people do enough walking to benefit their health. Those who walk as well as engage in other physical activities appear more likely to achieve recommended levels of activity. Promoting walking may require a comprehensive strategy.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTH.2017.07.007

Publication

Housing, neighbourhood and sociodemographic associations with adult levels of physical activity and adiposity: baseline findings from the ENABLE London study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 08-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2017-021257

Abstract: The neighbourhood environment is increasingly shown to be an important correlate of health. We assessed associations between housing tenure, neighbourhood perceptions, sociodemographic factors and levels of physical activity (PA) and adiposity among adults seeking housing in East Village (formerly London 2012 Olympic/Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village). Cross-sectional analysis of adults seeking social, intermediate and market-rent housing in East Village. 1278 participants took part in the study (58% female). Complete data on adiposity (body mass index (BMI) and fat mass %) were available for 1240 participants (97%) of these, a subset of 1107 participants (89%) met the inclusion criteria for analyses of accelerometer-based measurements of PA. We examined associations between housing sector sought, neighbourhood perceptions (covariates) and PA and adiposity (dependent variables) adjusted for household clustering, sex, age group, ethnic group and limiting long-standing illness. Participants seeking social housing had the fewest daily steps (8304, 95% CI 7959 to 8648) and highest BMI (26.0 kg/m 2 , 95% CI 25.5kg/m 2 to 26.5 kg/m 2 ) compared with those seeking intermediate (daily steps 9417, 95% CI 9106 to 9731 BMI 24.8 kg/m 2 , 95% CI 24.4 kg/m 2 to 25.2 kg/m 2 ) or market-rent housing (daily steps 9313, 95% CI 8858 to 9768 BMI 24.6 kg/m 2 , 95% CI 24.0 kg/m 2 to 25.2 kg/m 2 ). Those seeking social housing had lower levels of PA (by 19%–42%) at weekends versus weekdays, compared with other housing groups. Positive perceptions of neighbourhood quality were associated with higher steps and lower BMI, with differences between social and intermediate groups reduced by ~10% following adjustment, equivalent to a reduction of 111 for steps and 0.5 kg/m 2 for BMI. The social housing group undertook less PA than other housing sectors, with weekend PA offering the greatest scope for increasing PA and tackling adiposity in this group. Perceptions of neighbourhood quality were associated with PA and adiposity and reduced differences in steps and BMI between housing sectors. Interventions to encourage PA at weekends and improve neighbourhood quality, especially among the most disadvantaged, may provide scope to reduce inequalities in health behaviour.

Publication

Walkability, Neighbourhood Design and Obesity

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-07-2013

DOI: 10.1002/9781118786611.CH3

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTH.2017.12.004

Publication

The REVAMP natural experiment study: the impact of a play-scape installation on park visitation and park-based physical activity

Publisher: Figshare

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.3986499.V1

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2019

DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30133-1

Publication

Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: A cross-sectional multilevel study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2015.11.008

Abstract: This study examines associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes and heart disease, occurring separately and concurrently at a single time point (comorbidity). This study included 11,035 residents from 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Respondents self-reported type 2 diabetes and heart disease as long-term health conditions. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using a census-derived composite index. In idual socioeconomic position was measured using education, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using multilevel multinomial mixed-effects logistic regression using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with the most advantaged neighborhoods, residents of the most-disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to report type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.21, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 1.55-3.15), heart disease (OR = 1.72, 95% CrI = 1.25-2.38), and comorbidity (OR = 4.38, 95% CrI = 2.27-8.66). This relationship attenuated after adjustment for in idual-level socioeconomic position, but remained statistically significant for type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.81, 95% CrI = 1.15-2.83) and comorbidity (OR = 3.00, 95% CrI = 1.49-6.13). Studies of neighborhood disadvantage that fail to include in idual-level socioeconomic measures may inflate associations. Establishing why residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to experience the co-occurrence of heart disease and type 2 diabetes independent of their in idual socioeconomic position warrants further investigation.

Publication

An update of recent evidence of the relationship between objective and self-report measures of the physical environment and physical activity behaviours.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2004

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80282-2

Abstract: The physical environment has the potential to influence the physical behaviours of large numbers of people hence creating supportive environments has the potential to increase physical activity (PA). During the last decade, there has been growing interest in how the physical environment shapes PA behaviour. This area of research is important given that levels of PA participation are declining globally. Literature was reviewed that examined the association between physical environmental attributes and PA behaviours. The environmental attributes were grouped into four categories based on a conceptual framework of environmental factors that might influence PA and included functionality, safety, aesthetics and destinations. Positive associations were found between both perceived and objectively measured environmental factors and PA behaviour. The availability, accessibility and convenience of destinations and facilities, as well as the general functionality of the neighbourhood (eg, the presence of sidewalks, traffic conditions) and aesthetics were positively associated with various levels of PA. The review highlights the need for future studies: to examine behaviour-specific environmental attributes, to collect objectively-measured environmental data and to include both objective and perceived environmental data in the same studies, and to adopt prospective study designs to allow causal relationships to be established.

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-92

Publication

Testing the impact of a planning policy based on new urbanist planning principles on residents’ sense of community and mental health in Perth, Western Australia

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 30-09-2020

DOI: 10.1177/0013916518798882

Abstract: There is growing concern that the built forms resulting from conventional suburban design may be adversely affecting the social well-being, sense of community, and psychological health of its residents. This study tested the premise that suburban neighborhood developments ( n = 36) designed in accordance with a New Urbanist inspired planning policy in Perth, Western Australia, improved residents’ ( n = 644) sense of community and mental health. Findings revealed that with each 10% increase in policy compliance, residents odds of experiencing high sense of community increased by 21% ( OR = 1.21, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.41]) and low psychological distress increased by 14% ( OR = 1.14, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.28]). These results add empirical input to the debate surrounding the rhetoric and purported social goals and benefits of the New Urbanism, indicating that implementation of its neo-traditionalist neighborhood design principles may help create the conditions for positive neighborhood sense of community and mental health.

Publication

Measuring physical activity in public open space - An electronic device versus direct observation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2002

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.2002.TB00270.X

Abstract: To evaluate the practicality and validity of using infra-red beam counters (IRBCs) to measure walking path use and overall park use. Direct observation was carried out simultaneously with IRBC data collection in five parks on seven non-consecutive days during February-March in 1998 and on matched days in 1999. A second validation study was undertaken in one park in October 1999. The IRBC over-estimated the observed number of people using walking paths by 14% to 78%. When assessed by path volume, the difference between the IRBC and observer ranged from 10% under-estimation to 16% over-estimation. In a more rigorous evaluation of path volume the IRBC under-estimated the observed count by 20%. The extent to which the IRBC equated with the number of observed park users varied from 69% under-estimation to no difference. IRBCs are not appropriate for measuring the number of people engaging in physical activity in parks. IRBCs cannot replace direct observation for the collection of valid data on physical activity participation in parks. Further research is needed to determine settings in which electronic devices such as IRBCs may provide valid data on physical activity participation.

Publication

Use of science to guide city planning policy and practice: how to achieve healthy and sustainable future cities

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30068-X

Publication

Neighbourhood influences on mental health in master planned estates: A qualitative study of resident perspectives

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1071/HE14036

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 07-04-2022

DOI: 10.1080/14733285.2022.2059651

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 08-12-2018

DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2017.1407820

Publication

Exploring the design, quality and use of communal areas in apartment developments

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-12-2021

DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2021.2001169

Publication

Innovative Approaches to Researching Landscape and Health

Publisher: Routledge

Date: 23-04-2010

DOI: 10.4324/9780203853252

Publication

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Physical Activity: Baseline Results from the HABITAT Multilevel Longitudinal Study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 22-01-2015

DOI: 10.1057/JPHP.2014.53

Abstract: Global concerns about rising levels of chronic disease make timely translation of research into policy and practice a priority. There is a need to tackle common risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol use. Using evidence to inform policy and practice is challenging, often h ered by a poor fit between academic research and the needs of policymakers and practitioners--notably for active living researchers whose objective is to increase population physical activity by changing the ways cities are designed and built. We propose 10 strategies that may facilitate translation of research into health-enhancing urban planning policy. Strategies include interdisciplinary research teams of policymakers and practitioners undertaking explicitly policy-relevant research adopting appropriate study designs and methodologies (evaluation of policy initiatives as 'natural experiments') and adopting dissemination strategies that include knowledge brokers, advocates, and lobbyists. Conducting more policy-relevant research will require training for researchers as well as different rewards in academia.

Publication

The Urban Liveability Index: Developing a policy-relevant urban liveability composite measure and evaluating associations with transport mode choice

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-06-2019

DOI: 10.1186/S12942-019-0178-8

Publication

Driving Down Daily Step Counts: The Impact of Being Driven to School on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 08-2013

DOI: 10.1123/PES.25.3.337

Abstract: This study investigated whether being driven to school was associated with lower weekday and weekend step counts, less active out-of-school leisure pursuits, and more sedentary behavior. Boys aged 10–13 years ( n = 384) and girls aged 9–13 years ( n = 500) attending 25 Australian primary schools wore a pedometer and completed a travel diary for one week. Parents and children completed surveys capturing leisure activity, screen time, and sociodemographics. Commute distance was objectively measured. Car travel was the most frequent mode of school transportation (boys: 51%, girls: 58%). After adjustment (sociodemographics, commute distance, and school clustering) children who were driven recorded fewer weekday steps than those who walked (girls: −1,393 steps p .001, boys: −1,569 steps, p = .009) and participated in fewer active leisure activities (girls only: p = .043). There were no differences in weekend steps or screen time. Being driven to and from school is associated with less weekday pedometer-determined physical activity in 9- to 13-year-old elementary-school children. Encouraging children, especially girls, to walk to and from school (even for part of the way for those living further distances) could protect the health and well-being of those children who are insufficiently active.

Publication

Opportunities and challenges for promoting health in a changing world

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.1071/HE04017

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2017.09.001

Publication

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 18-05-2021

DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAB235

Abstract: The world’s population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this proportion continues to grow. Between 60% and 80% of the global energy use is consumed by urban areas, with 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions produced within urban areas. The World Health Organization states that city planning is now recognized as a critical part of a comprehensive solution to tackle adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we address non-communicable diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease and the urbanization process in relation to environmental risk exposures including noise, air pollution, temperature, and outdoor light. The present review reports why heat islands develop in urban areas, and how greening of cities can improve public health, and address climate concerns, sustainability, and liveability. In addition, we discuss urban planning, transport interventions, and novel technologies to assess external environmental exposures, e.g. using digital technologies, to promote heart healthy cities in the future. Lastly, we highlight new paradigms of integrative thinking such as the exposome and planetary health, challenging the one-exposure-one-health-outcome association and expand our understanding of the totality of human environmental exposures.

Billie Giles-Corti

Researcher

Research Topics

Top 5 Research Topics

ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)

ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)

Related Links

Publications

Who Goes to Metropolitan Parks? A Latent Class Analysis Approach to Understanding Park Visitation

Change in walking for transport: A longitudinal study of the influence of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual-level socioeconomic position in mid-aged adults

Safe RESIDential Environments? A longitudinal analysis of the influence of crime-related safety on walking

Sense of community and its relationship with walking and neighborhood design

Associations between park features and adolescent park use for physical activity

Active living research: Partnerships that count

The effect of siblings and family dog ownership on children's independent mobility to neighbourhood destinations

Neighbourhood design and fear of crime: A social-ecological examination of the correlates of residents' fear in new suburban housing developments

Exploring Socioecological Correlates of Active Living in Retirement Village Residents

Low density development: Impacts on physical activity and associated health outcomes

Creating SunSmart schools

Does Fear of Crime Discourage Walkers? A Social-Ecological Exploration of Fear As a Deterrent to Walking

The association between neighborhood greenness and cardiovascular disease: An observational study

Filthy or fashionable? Young people's perceptions of smoking in the media

Selling new neighborhoods as good for walking: Issues for measuring self-selection

City planning and population health: a global challenge

Using spatial analysis of the Australian Early Development Index to advance our understanding of ‘neighbourhood effects’ research on child health and develo

Effect of a School-based Sun-Protection Intervention on the Development of Melanocytic Nevi in Children

How far do children travel from their homes? Exploring children’s activity spaces in their neighborhood

School site and the potential to walk to school: The impact of street connectivity and traffic exposure in school neighborhoods

Correlates of distances traveled to use recreational facilities for physical activity behaviours

Increasing Walking: How Important Is Distance To, Attractiveness, and Size of Public Open Space?

The impact of neighborhood walkability on walking: Does it differ across adult life stage and does neighborhood buffer size matter?

Exploring inequities in housing affordability through an analysis of walkability and house prices by neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage

Neighbourhood fast food outlets and obesity in children and adults: the CLAN Study

Socio-ecological predictors of the uptake of cycling for recreation and transport in adults: Results from the RESIDE study

Evaluating the implementation and active living impacts of a state government planning policy designed to create walkable neighborhoods in Perth, Western Australia

The Effect of a School-Based Sun Protection Intervention on the Development of Melanocytic Nevi in Children: 6-Year Follow-up

Comparison of 7-day retrospective and prospective alcohol consumption diaries in a female population in Perth, Western Australia-methodological issues

A cross-sectional study of the individual, social, and built environmental correlates of pedometer-based physical activity among elementary school children

The influence of the built environment, social environment and health behaviors on body mass index. Results from RESIDE

Active design of built environments for increasing levels of physical activity in adults: the ENABLE London natural experiment study

Discussion of “How to Have Sustainable Transportation without Making People Drive Less or Give Up Suburban Living” by Mark Delucchi and Kenneth S. Kurani

Walkability and walking for transport: characterizing the built environment using space syntax

More Than a Furry Companion: The Ripple Effect of Companion Animals on Neighborhood Interactions and Sense of Community

Promoting participation in physical activity in a community intervention study

Keeping Brazilians Moving: the importance of urban and transport planning

Modest ratios of fast food outlets to supermarkets and green grocers are associated with higher body mass index: Longitudinal analysis of a sample of 15,229 Australians aged 45 years and older in the

Workplace stress: What is the role of positive mental health?

Accessibility and connectivity in physical activity studies: The impact of missing pedestrian data

Evaluation of the implementation of a state government community design policy aimed at increasing local walking: Design issues and baseline results from RESIDE, Perth Western Australia

Identifying, creating, and testing urban planning measures for transport walking: Findings from the Australian national liveability study

Cycling for transport and recreation: Associations with socio-economic position, environmental perceptions, and psychological disposition

The relationship between cluster-analysis derived walkability and local recreational and transportation walking among Canadian adults

The relationship between destination proximity, destination mix and physical activity behaviors

Enhancing and expanding WSTLUR’s leadership and agenda: The urgent need for integrated interdisciplinary research, policy and practice

Using sponsorship to create healthy environments for sport, racing and arts venues in western Australia

A Longitudinal Study Examining Changes in Street Connectivity, Land Use, and Density of Dwellings and Walking for Transport in Brisbane, Australia

Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda

The REVAMP natural experiment study: The impact of a play-scape installation on park visitation and park-based physical activity

Testing spatial measures of alcohol outlet density with self-rated health in the Australian context: Implications for policy and practice

HABITAT: A longitudinal multilevel study of physical activity change in mid-aged adults

Active commuting in a university setting: Assessing commuting habits and potential for modal change

The Effect of Proximity on Park and Beach Use and Physical Activity Among Rural Adolescents

Supermarket access, transport mode and BMI: the potential for urban design and planning policy across socio-economic areas

Achieving the SDGs: Evaluating indicators to be used to benchmark and monitor progress towards creating healthy and sustainable cities

Encouraging Walking for Transport and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

Additional file 1: of Safe RESIDential Environments? A longitudinal analysis of the influence of crime-related safety on walking

Patterns of social capital associated with transit oriented development

Local Housing Characteristics Associated with Early Childhood Development Outcomes in Australian Disadvantaged Communities

Neighbourhood Effects Influencing Early Childhood Development: Conceptual Model and Trial Measurement Methodologies from the Kids in Communities Study

The built environment, neighborhood crime and constrained physical activity: An exploration of inconsistent findings

Are smoke-free policies implemented and adhered to at sporting venues

Dog walking is associated with more outdoor play and independent mobility for children

Encouraging physical activity through dog walking: Why don't some owners walk with their dog?

The Built Environment and Depression in Later Life: The Health In Men Study

Spatial and socioeconomic inequities in liveability in Australia'S 21 largest cities: Does city size matter?

The ABC of Physical Activity for Health: A consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences

Reduced sun exposure and tanning in children after 2 years of a school-based intervention (Australia)

Identifying destination distances that support walking trips in local neighborhoods

Creating active environments across the life course: ''Thinking outside the square''

Additional file 2:. of Designing healthy communities: creating evidence on metrics for built environment features associated with walkable neighbourhood activity centres