Grace Vincent

On-call work and sleep

Publisher: National Institute of Industrial Health

Date: 25-10-2022

DOI: 10.2486/INDHEALTH.2021-0124

Sleep Restriction during Simulated Wildfire Suppression: Effect on Physical Task Performance

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 23-01-2015

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0115329

The Impact of Sleep Restriction and Simulated Physical Firefighting Work on Acute Inflammatory Stress Responses

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 17-09-2015

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0138128

Sleep disturbances in caregivers of children with medical needs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 04-2021

DOI: 10.1037/HEA0001062

Healthy sleep practices for shift workers: consensus sleep hygiene guidelines using a Delphi methodology

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-07-2023

DOI: 10.1093/SLEEP/ZSAD182

Abstract: The unique requirements of shift work, such as sleeping and working at variable times, mean that current sleep hygiene guidelines may be inappropriate for shift workers. Current guidelines may also contradict fatigue management advice (e.g. advising against daytime napping). The present study utilized a Delphi methodology to determine expert opinion regarding the applicability of current guidelines for shift workers, the appropriateness of the term “sleep hygiene,” and develop tailored guidelines for shift workers. The research team reviewed current guidelines and existing evidence to draft tailored guidelines. Seventeen in idual guidelines, covering sleep scheduling, napping, sleep environment, bedtime routine, substances, light exposure, diet, and exercise were drafted. Experts from sleep, shift work, and occupational health fields (n = 155) were invited to review the draft guidelines using a Delphi methodology. In each round, experts voted on in idual guidelines, with 70% agreement considered consensus. Where consensus was not reached, written feedback from experts was discussed and incorporated into subsequent iterations. Of the experts invited, 68 (44%) agreed to participate, with 55 (35%) completing the third (final) round. Most experts (84%) agreed that tailored guidelines were required for shift workers. Consensus was reached on all guidelines after three rounds. One additional guideline (sleep inertia) and an introductory statement were developed, resulting in a final set of 18 in idual guidelines, termed “healthy sleep practices for shift workers.” This is the first study to develop tailored sleep hygiene guidelines for shift workers. Future research should investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of these guidelines amongst shift workers.

Safety implications of fatigue and sleep inertia for emergency services personnel.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2020.101386

Who is ‘on-call’ in Australia? A new classification approach for on-call employment in future population-level studies

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 04-11-2021

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0259035

Abstract: On-call research and guidance materials typically focus on ‘traditional’ on-call work (e.g., emergency services, healthcare). However, given the increasing prevalence of non-standard employment arrangements (e.g., gig work and casualisation), it is likely that a proportion of in iduals who describe themselves as being on-call are not included in current on-call literature. This study therefore aimed to describe the current sociodemographic and work characteristics of Australian on-call workers. A survey of 2044 adults assessed sociodemographic and work arrangements. Of this population, 1057 in iduals were workforce participants, who were asked to provide information regarding any on-call work they performed over the last three months, occupation type, weekly work hours, and the presence or absence of non-standard work conditions. Of respondents who were working, 45.5% reported working at least one day on-call in the previous month. There was a high prevalence of on-call work in younger respondents (63.1% of participants aged 18–24 years), and those who worked multiple jobs and more weekly work hours. Additionally, high prevalence rates of on-call work were reported by machinery operators, drivers, community and personal service workers, sales workers, and high-level managers. These data suggest that on-call work is more prevalent than previously recorded and is likely to refer to a broad set of employment arrangements. Current classification systems may therefore be inadequate for population-level research. A taxonomy for the classification of on-call work is proposed, incorporating traditional on-call work, gig economy work, relief, or unscheduled work, and out of hours work.

Sleep in wildland firefighters: what do we know and why does it matter?

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1071/WF17109

Abstract: Wildland firefighters perform physical work while being subjected to multiple stressors and adverse, volatile working environments for extended periods. Recent research has highlighted sleep as a significant and potentially modifiable factor impacting operational performance. The aim of this review was to (1) examine the existing literature on firefighters’ sleep quantity and quality during wildland firefighting operations (2) synthesise the operational and environmental factors that impact on sleep during wildland firefighting and (3) assess how sleep impacts aspects of firefighters’ health and safety, including mental and physical health, physical task performance, physical activity and cognitive performance. Firefighters’ sleep is restricted during wildfire deployments, particularly when shifts have early start times, are of long duration and when sleeping in temporary accommodation. Shortened sleep impairs cognitive but not physical performance under simulated wildfire conditions. The longer-term impacts of sleep restriction on physiological and mental health require further research. Work shifts should be structured, wherever possible, to provide regular and sufficient recovery opportunities (rest during and sleep between shifts), especially in dangerous working environments where fatigue-related errors have severe consequences. Fire agencies should implement strategies to improve and manage firefighters’ sleep and reduce any adverse impacts on firefighters’ work.

The Cost of Inadequate Sleep among On-Call Workers in Australia: A Workplace Perspective

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 26-02-2018

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH15030398

The Impact of Heat Exposure and Sleep Restriction on Firefighters’ Work Performance and Physiology during Simulated Wildfire Suppression

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 12-02-2017

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH14020180

“I need to be alert at night to provide care”

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 27-06-2023

DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2093879

Abstract: There is increased recognition that young people (<25 years) may occupy a carer role for family or others with health conditions or disability. This is often in addition to study and social activities. This means competing demands on time, and insufficient sleep. Our aim was to determine the contribution of caring duties to problematic sleep in young carers. A survey of Australian carers was conducted, including questions on demographics, characteristics of the carer and care recipient, and sleep quality and quantity. Participants were eligible if they reported sleep time <7 hr or dissatisfaction with their sleep, and were aged 15-24 years. A total of 110 participants (71.8%_female = 79, 15-17 years = 62, 18-24 years = 48) were included in analysis 55.5% ( Young carers experience reduced sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Strategies to alleviate the burden of care work on young carer's sleep would benefit the health and safety of this group.

Adding sleep restriction to the equation: impact on wildland firefighters' work performance and physiology in hot conditions

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-04-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S00420-018-1304-9

Abstract: To examine the effects of sleep restriction on firefighters' physical task performance, physical activity, and physiological and perceived exertion during simulated hot wildfire conditions. 31 firefighters were randomly allocated to either the hot (n = 18, HOT 33 °C, 8-h sleep opportunity) or hot and sleep restricted (n = 13, HOT + SR 33 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity) condition. Intermittent, self-paced work circuits of six firefighting tasks were performed for 3 days. Firefighters self-reported ratings of perceived exertion. Heart rate, core temperature, and physical activity were measured continuously. Fluids were consumed ad libitum, and all food and fluids consumed were recorded. Urine volume and urine specific gravity (USG) were analysed and sleep was assessed using polysomnography (PSG). There were no differences between the HOT and HOT + SR groups in firefighters' physical task performance, heart rate, core temperature, USG, or fluid intake. Ratings of perceived exertion were higher (p < 0.05) in the HOT + SR group for two of the six firefighting tasks. The HOT group spent approximately 7 min more undertaking moderate physical activity throughout the 2-h work circuits compared to the HOT + SR group. Two nights of sleep restriction did not influence firefighters' physical task performance or physiological responses during 3 days of simulated wildfire suppression. Further research is needed to explore firefighters' pacing strategies during real wildfire suppression.

‘It's satisfying but destructive’: A qualitative study on the experience of bedtime procrastination in new career starters

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-10-2023

DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12694

Managing Travel Fatigue and Jet Lag in Athletes: A Review and Consensus Statement

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-07-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-021-01502-0

Overnight heart rate variability and next day cortisol response during simulated on-call conditions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2019.104406

Abstract: This study had two specific objectives, 1) to investigate the impact of being on-call on overnight heart rate variability during sleep and 2) to examine whether being on-call overnight impacted next-day salivary cortisol concentrations. Data are reported from three within-subject laboratory studies (n = 24 in each study) that assessed varying on-call conditions. Healthy male participants (n = 72 total) completed a four-night laboratory protocol, comprising an adaptation night, a control night, and two counterbalanced on-call nights with varying on-call conditions. These on-call conditions were designed to determine the impact of, Study 1: the likelihood of receiving a call (definitely, maybe), Study 2: task stress (high-stress, low-stress), and Study 3: chance of missing the alarm (high-chance, low-chance), on measures of physiological stress. Overnight heart rate variability (HRV) (during sleep) was measured using two-lead electrocardiography, and time- and frequency-domain variables were analysed. Saliva s les were collected at 15-min time intervals from 0700-0800 h to determine cortisol awakening response outcomes and at four daily time points (0930 h, 1230 h, 1430 h, and 1730 h) to assess diurnal cortisol profiles. There were few differences in HRV measures during sleep across all three studies. The only exception was in Study 1 where the standard deviation of the time interval between consecutive heartbeats and the root mean square of consecutive differences between heartbeats were lower across all sleep stages in the definitely condition, when compared to control. Across all three studies, being on-call overnight also had little impact on next-day cortisol awakening response (CAR), with the exception of Study 2 where the 1) CAR area under the curve with respect to increase was blunted in the high-stress condition, compared to the control and low-stress conditions and, 2) CAR reactivity was higher in low-stress condition, compared with the high-stress condition. In Study 1, diurnal cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground was lower in the on-call conditions (definitely and maybe) when compared to control. There were no differences in diurnal cortisol measures in Study 3. This is the first study to investigate how different aspects of being on-call affect physiological stress responses. Overall, relatively little differences in measures of overnight heart rate variability and next-day cortisol response were recorded in all three studies. Further research utilising real on-call work tasks, not just on-call expectations (as in the current study) will help determine the impact of on-call work on the physiological stress response.

Waking qEEG to assess psychophysiological stress and alertness during simulated on-call conditions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2019.04.001

Abstract: On-call schedules are associated with stress and disrupted sleep. In a recent study, under non-sleep deprived conditions, low and high-stress on-call conditions did not significantly impact sleep quality but did impact next day performance. Our aim was to determine whether quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) would reflect changes in cortical activity in on-call conditions, predicting that the high-stress condition would display faster qEEG frequencies compared with the control and low-stress condition. Twenty-four healthy male participants (age: 26.5 ± 4.0 yrs) spent four nights in a time-isolated sleep laboratory. The within-subjects, repeated measures experimental design assessed waking EEG, via the Karolinska Drowsiness Test (KDT) during four time-points across a control day and two experimental (on-call) days. Experimental days comprised a low-stress (LS - reading task) and high-stress (HS - speech task) condition and were counterbalanced. Mixed-models analysis was used to assess condition and time by EEG biomarkers: Alpha Attenuation Coefficient (AAC), Slowing Ratio (SR) and Scaling Exponent (SE). Main effects were found for all three biomarkers by condition, with pairwise analysis reported. There was a significant difference in AAC between the LS condition (M = 1.26 ± =1.24) and HS condition (M = 1.01 ± 0.76 p = .02) indicating decreased alertness between LS and HS. A significant increase in SR between control (M = 7.1 ± 4.3) and LS (M = 10.1 ± 8.5 p = .0001), and a significant increase between the LS and HS (M = 7.8 ± 6.8 p = .018) showing greatest EEG slowing in the LS condition, reflecting of a passive, sleepier brain state. The SE was significantly higher in the LS (M = 1.09, ±0.17) condition compared with control (M = 1.0, ±0.11 p = .001) indicating decreased alertness in the LS task. Using qEEG biomarkers, in contrast with our initial hypothesis, the current study found that compared with control, the LS condition resulted in greater EEG slowing. These findings have implications for on-call workers who engage in periods of passive attention and highlight a protective role task stress may play in maintaining alertness levels during on-call conditions.

Sleep hygiene in paramedics: What do they know and what do they do?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2020.04.001

Does breaking up prolonged sitting when sleep restricted affect postprandial glucose responses and subsequent sleep architecture? – a pilot study

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-05-2018

DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1466789

Abstract: This pilot study investigated the impact of breaking up prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking on postprandial glucose responses and sleep architecture. In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, six healthy males completed a sitting condition and an active condition (sitting interrupted with light-intensity walking) for three consecutive days, following 5-h sleep opportunities at night. Postprandial glucose response and sleep (time spent in all stages) was assessed. Breaking up prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking did not affect postprandial glucose responses in sleep-restricted participants however a small increase (~9 min) in slow-wave sleep was observed.

How the chance of missing the alarm during an on-call shift affects pre-bed anxiety, sleep and next day cognitive performance

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOPSYCHO.2018.07.008

Abstract: This study investigated how the chance of missing an alarm affects pre-bed anxiety, sleep and next day cognitive performance during on-call shifts. Participants (n = 24) completed one adaptation night, one control night and two on-call nights in a time-isolated sleep laboratory. On one of the on-call nights, participants were informed that they would be woken by a loud alarm that they would definitely not be able to sleep through (low chance of missing the alarm). On the other on-call night, participants were informed that they would be woken by a quiet alarm that they may sleep through (high chance of missing the alarm). The two on-call nights were counterbalanced. Pre-bed anxiety was measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory x-1, while sleep macro- and micro-architecture was examined via routine polysomnography and power spectral analyses respectively. Following each sleep, cognitive performance was assessed four times (0930, 1200, 1430, 1700) using the 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Results indicated that while pre-bed anxiety was similarly increased during both high and low chance of missing the on-call alarm conditions compared with control, only in the high chance condition was total sleep time shorter and sleep efficiency lower compared with the control condition. However, more wake after sleep onset was found in the low chance condition compared with control. PVT data indicate that response times (mean reciprocal and mean fastest 10% of reaction time) were fastest in the low chance condition, indicating better performance when compared with both other conditions. However, there were significantly more lapses in the low chance condition compared with control. No significant EEG power spectral differences were observed. As such, it appears that there are detrimental effects of both on-call conditions on anxiety, sleep and performance, with sleep poorest when the chance of missing the alarm is high. The adverse impacts on sleep and performance outcomes while on-call may be mitigated by the implementation of workplace systems to reduce the chance of missing alarms (e.g., having two available options for contacting on-call workers).

Uncertain call likelihood negatively affects sleep and next-day cognitive performance while on-call in a laboratory environment

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-05-2018

DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1466788

Abstract: On-call working arrangements are employed in a number of industries to manage unpredictable events, and often involve tasks that are safety- or time-critical. This study investigated the effects of call likelihood during an overnight on-call shift on self-reported pre-bed anxiety, sleep and next-day cognitive performance. A four-night laboratory-based protocol was employed, with an adaptation, a control and two counterbalanced on-call nights. On one on-call night, participants were instructed that they would definitely be called during the night, while on the other on-call night they were told they may be called. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form x-1 was used to investigate pre-bed anxiety, and sleep was assessed using polysomnography and power spectral analysis of the sleep electroencephalographic analysis. Cognitive performance was assessed four times daily using a 10-min psychomotor vigilance task. Participants felt more anxious before bed when they were definitely going to be called, compared with the control and maybe conditions. Conversely, participants experienced significantly less non-rapid eye movement and stage two sleep and poorer cognitive performance when told they may be called. Further, participants had significantly more rapid eye movement sleep in the maybe condition, which may be an adaptive response to the stress associated with this on-call condition. It appears that self-reported anxiety may not be linked with sleep outcomes while on-call. However, this research indicates that it is important to take call likelihood into consideration when constructing rosters and risk-management systems for on-call workers.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease Risk Factors and Sleep in Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 28-01-2021

DOI: 10.3390/CLOCKSSLEEP3010009

Abstract: Shift work is associated with adverse chronic health outcomes. Addressing chronic disease risk factors including biomedical risk factors, behavioural risk factors, as well as sleep and perceived health status, affords an opportunity to improve health outcomes in shift workers. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review, qualitative synthesis, and meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions targeting chronic disease risk factors, including sleep, in shift workers. A total of 8465 records were retrieved 65 publications were eligible for inclusion in qualitative analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis were conducted for eight eligible health outcomes, including a total of thirty-nine studies. Interventions resulted in increased objective sleep duration (Hedges’ g = 0.73 CI: 0.36, 1.10, k = 16), improved objective sleep efficiency (Hedges’ g = 0.48 CI: 0.20, 0.76, k = 10) and a small increase in both subjective sleep duration (Hedges’ g = 0.11 CI: −0.04, 0.27, k = 19) and sleep quality (Hedges’ g = 0.11 CI: −0.11, 0.33, k = 21). Interventions also improved perceived health status (Hedges’ g = 0.20 CI: −0.05, 0.46, k = 8), decreased systolic (Hedges’ g = 0.26 CI: −0.54, 0.02, k = 7) and diastolic (Hedges’ g = 0.06 CI: −0.23, 0.36, k = 7) blood pressure, and reduced body mass index (Hedges’ g = −0.04 CI: −0.37, 0.29, k = 9). The current study suggests interventions may improve chronic disease risk factors and sleep in shift workers however, this could only be objectively assessed for a limited number of risk factor endpoints. Future interventions could explore the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on a broader range of chronic disease risk factors to better characterise targets for improved health outcomes in shift workers.

Temporal and bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep in primary school-aged children

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 03-2017

DOI: 10.1139/APNM-2016-0424

Abstract: The directionality of the relationship between children’s physical activity and sleep is unclear. This study examined the temporal and bidirectional associations between objectively measured physical activity, energy expenditure, and sleep in primary school-aged children. A subgroup of children (n = 65, aged 8–11 years) from the Fitness, Activity and Skills Testing Study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, had their sleep and physical activity assessed using the SenseWear Pro Armband for 8 consecutive days. Outcome measures included time spent in light-intensity physical activiy (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), activity energy expenditure (AEE), time in bed, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency. Multilevel analyses were conducted using generalized linear latent mixed models to determine whether physical activity on 1 day was associated with sleep outcomes that night, and whether sleep during 1 night was associated with physical activity the following day. No significant associations were observed between time in bed, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency with LPA, MVPA, and AEE in either direction. This study found no temporal or bidirectional associations between objectively measured physical activity, AEE, and sleep. Future research is needed to understand other sleep dimensions that may impact on or be influenced by physical activity to provide potential intervention targets to improve these outcomes.

Real-time detection of per-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) self-assembled monolayers in nanoporous interferometers

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.SNB.2021.131340

The Impact of Training Load on Sleep During a 14-Day Training Camp in Elite, Adolescent, Female Basketball Players

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0157

Abstract: Purpose : To quantify the sleep/wake behaviors of adolescent, female basketball players and to examine the impact of daily training load on sleep/wake behaviors during a 14-day training c . Methods : Elite, adolescent, female basketball players (N = 11) had their sleep/wake behaviors monitored using self-report sleep diaries and wrist-worn activity monitors during a 14-day training c . Each day, players completed 1 to 5 training sessions (session duration: 114 [54] min). Training load was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion model in arbitrary units. Daily training loads were summated across sessions on each day and split into tertiles corresponding to low, moderate, and high training load categories, with rest days included as a separate category. Separate linear mixed models and effect size analyses were conducted to assess differences in sleep/wake behaviors among daily training load categories. Results : Sleep onset and offset times were delayed ( P .05) on rest days compared with training days. Time in bed and total sleep time were longer ( P .05) on rest days compared with training days. Players did not obtain the recommended 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night on training days. A moderate increase in sleep efficiency was evident during days with high training loads compared with low. Conclusions : Elite, adolescent, female basketball players did not consistently meet the sleep duration recommendations of 8 to 10 hours per night during a 14-day training c . Rest days delayed sleep onset and offset times, resulting in longer sleep durations compared with training days. Sleep/wake behaviors were not impacted by variations in the training load administered to players.

Does breaking up sitting in office-based settings result in cognitive performance improvements which last throughout the day? A review of the evidence

Publisher: National Institute of Industrial Health

Date: 28-01-2022

DOI: 10.2486/INDHEALTH.2021-0174

Abstract: Sedentary behavior at work contributes to detrimental cognitive outcomes (e.g., decreases in attention). The length of time that cognitive performance benefits are sustained following bouts of breaking up sitting (e.g., using sit-stand desks or walking) is not known. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using a systematic search strategy, with keywords related to breaking up sitting interventions in office-based environments and cognitive performance outcomes in the period immediately post the cessation of the breaking up sitting intervention. Three types of office-based breaking up sitting interventions were identified 1) sit-stand desks, 2) walking desks and 3) cycling desks. From the eight studies which met the criteria, the impacts of these interventions on cognitive performance outcomes were mixed, with significant benefits in some studies and others reporting no benefit. Of the cognitive domains assessed, working memory, attention, and psychomotor function showed significant sustained improvement for up to 30 minutes post intervention. While there are benefits to a key set of cognitive performance domains following breaking up sitting interventions in office-based settings, no studies have evaluated whether benefits to cognitive performance persist for longer than 30 minutes after the breaking up sitting intervention. Furthermore, specific applications of these cognitive benefits to tasks outside of work (e.g., driving home from work) are unknown.

Firefighters’ physical activity across multiple shifts of planned burn work

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 30-09-2016

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH13100973

The effect of working on-call on stress physiology and sleep: A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2016.06.001

Abstract: On-call work is becoming an increasingly common work pattern, yet the human impacts of this type of work are not well established. Given the likelihood of calls to occur outside regular work hours, it is important to consider the potential impact of working on-call on stress physiology and sleep. The aims of this review were to collate and evaluate evidence on the effects of working on-call from home on stress physiology and sleep. A systematic search of Ebsco Host, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect was conducted. Search terms included: on-call, on call, standby, sleep, cortisol, heart rate, adrenaline, noradrenaline, nor-adrenaline, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nor-epinephrine, salivary alpha amylase and alpha amylase. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, with only one study investigating the effect of working on-call from home on stress physiology. All eight studies investigated the effect of working on-call from home on sleep. Working on-call from home appears to adversely affect sleep quantity, and in most cases, sleep quality. However, studies did not differentiate between night's on-call from home with and without calls. Data examining the effect of working on-call from home on stress physiology were not sufficient to draw meaningful conclusions.

Sleep hygiene in shift workers: A systematic literature review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2020.101336

Multiple Days of Heat Exposure on Firefighters’ Work Performance and Physiology

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 17-09-2015

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0136413

Moderate-intensity exercise performed in the evening does not impair sleep in healthy males

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-05-2020

DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1611934

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of single bouts of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and moderate-intensity resistance exercise performed in the evening on the sleep of healthy young males. The study employed a repeated-measures, counterbalanced, crossover design with three conditions (control, evening aerobic exercise, evening resistance exercise). Twelve male participants (mean ± SD age: 21.9 ± 2.7 yr) attended the laboratory on three occasions separated by one day between each visit. Between 20:45 h and 21:30 h, participants completed either no exercise, 30 min of aerobic exercise at 75%HRmax, or 30 min of resistance exercise corresponding to 75% of 10-repetition maximum. A 9-h sleep opportunity was provided between 23:00 h and 08:00 h. Core body temperature was measured using ingestible temperature capsules and sleep was measured using polysomnography. Core body temperature was higher during the aerobic exercise and resistance exercise compared to control (

A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 18-01-2022

DOI: 10.3390/NU14030420

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious health and economic burden worldwide. Modifiable lifestyle factors are a focus of research into reducing the burden of CVD, with diet as one of the most investigated factors. Specifically, the timing and regularity of food intake is an emerging research area, with approaches such as time-restricted eating (TRE) receiving much attention. TRE involves shortening the time available to eat across the day and is associated with improved CVD outcomes compared with longer eating windows. However, studies that have examined TRE have not considered the impact of sleep on CVD outcomes despite recent evidence showing that sleep duration can influence the timing and amount of food eaten. In this article, we argue that as TRE and sleep influence each other, and influence the same cardiometabolic parameters, experiencing inadequate sleep may attenuate any positive impact TRE has on CVD. We examine the relationship between TRE and CVD, with sleep as a potential mediator in this relationship, and propose a research agenda to investigate this relationship. This will provide necessary evidence to inform future interventions aimed at reducing the burden of CVD.

The Impact of Self-Reported Sleep Quantity on Perceived Decision-Making in Sports Officials During a Competitive Season

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-02-2021

DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1722309

Lasing from Narrow Bandwidth Light-Emitting One-Dimensional Nanoporous Photonic Crystals

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 09-03-2022

DOI: 10.1021/ACSPHOTONICS.1C01689

The effects of hydration on cognitive performance during a simulated wildfire suppression shift in temperate and hot conditions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2018.12.018

Abstract: The effects on dehydration and cognitive performance from heat and/or physical activity are well established in the laboratory, although have not yet been studied for personnel working in occupations such as wildland firefighting regularly exposed to these types of conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and dehydration on seventy-three volunteer firefighters (35.7 ± 13.7 years, mean ± standard deviation) during a simulation of wildfire suppression under either control or hot (18-20 or 33-35 °C) temperature conditions. Results showed cognitive performance on the psychomotor vigilance task declined when participants were dehydrated in the heat and Stroop task performance was impaired when dehydrated late in the afternoon. Firefighters may be at risk of deteriorations in simple cognitive functions in the heat whilst dehydrated, although may also experience impairments in complex cognitive functions if dehydrated late in the day, irrespective of the environmental temperature.

Lasing from Narrow Bandwidth Light-Emitting One-Dimensional Nanoporous Photonic Crystals

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

DOI: 10.1021/ACSPHOTONICS.1C01689.S001

The effect of a short burst of exercise during the night on subsequent sleep

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-06-2020

DOI: 10.1111/JSR.13077

Hot, Tired and Hungry: The Snacking Behaviour and Food Cravings of Firefighters during Multi-Day Simulated Wildfire Suppression

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 21-04-2020

DOI: 10.3390/NU12041160

Abstract: Firefighters are exposed to numerous stressors during wildfire suppression, including working in hot temperatures and sleep restricted conditions. Research has shown that when sleep restricted, in iduals choose foods higher in carbohydrates, fat, and sugar, and have increased cravings for calorie dense foods. However, there is currently no research on the combined effect of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour. Conducting secondary analyses from a larger study, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour and food cravings. Sixty-six firefighters completed three days of simulated physically demanding firefighting work and were randomly allocated to either the control (n = 18, CON 19 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), sleep restricted (n = 16, SR 19 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity), hot (n = 18, HOT 33 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), or hot and sleep restricted (n = 14 HOT + SR 33 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity) condition. During rest periods firefighters were able to self-select sweet, savoury, or healthy snacks from a ration pack and were asked to rate their hunger, fullness, and cravings every two hours (eating block). Mixed model analyses revealed no difference in total energy intake between conditions, however there was a significant interaction between eating block and condition, with those in the CON, HOT, and HOT + SR condition consuming significantly more energy between 1230 and 1430 compared to the SR condition (p = 0.002). Sleep restriction and heat did not impact feelings of hunger and fullness across the day, and did not lead to greater cravings for snacks, with no differences between conditions. These findings suggest that under various simulated firefighting conditions, it is not the amount of food that differs but the timing of food intake, with those that are required to work in hot conditions while sleep restricted more likely to consume food between 1230 and 1430. This has potential implications for the time of day in which a greater amount of food should be available for firefighters.

Interventions to improve sleep in caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2022.101658

Abstract: Unpaid caregivers often experience sleep impairments as an unintended consequence of providing care. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of interventions to improve sleep in unpaid caregivers. Six databases were searched from journal inception to 7-Sep-2021 to identify randomised controlled trials. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated mean differences (MD) at end-of-intervention. Twenty-one studies were identified (15 eligible for meta-analysis). Compared to control, interventions improved sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 12 studies, 1153 participants, MD = -1.66, 95% CI [-2.91, -0.41], p = 0.009, I

Jet-Lag Countermeasures Used by International Business Travelers

Publisher: Aerospace Medical Association

Date: 10-2021

DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.5874.2021

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Research has highlighted the significant impact that jet lag can have upon performance, health, and safety. International business travelers have an important role in economic growth however, there is a lack of research investigating jet lag and jet-lag management in international business travelers. This study aimed to investigate international business travelers use of jet-lag countermeasures. METHODS: International business travelers from Australia ( N = 107) participated in a survey examining use of jet-lag countermeasures (pharmacological and nonpharmacological). Chi-squared tests were conducted examining the association between duration of stay and traveling experience on jet-lag countermeasure use. RESULTS: Most subjects had traveled for business for less than 15 yr and 57% reported taking between 14 trips annually. Durations of stay averaged 10 d (SD 13 d). Nonpharmacological countermeasure use was high. Pharmacological countermeasure use was less common. There were no significant associations between duration of stay and countermeasure implementation. Travel experience was only associated with nonpharmacological countermeasures after arrival home. CONCLUSION: Education programs delivered through businesses would be beneficial for providing information on jet lag, its implications, and recommended countermeasures to travelers. Rigney G, Walters A, Bin YS, Crome E, Vincent GE. Jet-lag countermeasures used by international business travelers . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021 92(10):825830 .

A Deep Learning Approach to Classify Sitting and Sleep History from Raw Accelerometry Data during Simulated Driving

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 09-2022

DOI: 10.3390/S22176598

Abstract: Prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep can impact driving performance. Therefore, objective knowledge of a driver’s recent sitting and sleep history could help reduce safety risks. This study aimed to apply deep learning to raw accelerometry data collected during a simulated driving task to classify recent sitting and sleep history. Participants (n = 84, Mean ± SD age = 23.5 ± 4.8, 49% Female) completed a seven-day laboratory study. Raw accelerometry data were collected from a thigh-worn accelerometer during a 20-min simulated drive (8:10 h and 17:30 h each day). Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs ResNet-18 and DixonNet) were trained to classify accelerometry data into four classes (sitting or breaking up sitting and 9-h or 5-h sleep). Accuracy was determined using five-fold cross-validation. ResNet-18 produced higher accuracy scores: 88.6 ± 1.3% for activity (compared to 77.2 ± 2.6% from DixonNet) and 88.6 ± 1.1% for sleep history (compared to 75.2 ± 2.6% from DixonNet). Class activation mapping revealed distinct patterns of movement and postural changes between classes. Findings demonstrate the suitability of CNNs in classifying sitting and sleep history using thigh-worn accelerometer data collected during a simulated drive. This approach has implications for the identification of drivers at risk of fatigue-related impairment.

Exercise before bed does not impact sleep inertia in young healthy males.

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-10-2019

DOI: 10.1111/JSR.12903

Abstract: Sleep inertia is the transitional state marked by impaired cognitive performance and reduced vigilance upon waking. Exercising before bed may increase the amount of slow-wave sleep within the sleep period, which has previously been associated with increased sleep inertia. Healthy males (n = 12) spent 3 nights in a sleep laboratory (1-night washout period between each night) and completed one of the three conditions on each visit - no exercise, aerobic exercise (30 min cycling at 75% heart rate), and resistance exercise (six resistance exercises, three sets of 10 repetitions). The exercise conditions were completed 90 min prior to bed. Sleep was measured using polysomnography. Upon waking, participants completed five test batteries every 15 min, including the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, a Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and the Spatial Configuration Task. Two separate linear mixed-effects models were used to assess: (a) the impact of condition and (b) the amount of slow-wave sleep, on sleep inertia. There were no significant differences in sleep inertia between conditions, likely as a result of the similar sleep amount, sleep structure and time of awakening between conditions. The amount of slow-wave sleep impacted fastest 10% reciprocal reaction time on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task only, whereby more slow-wave sleep improved performance however, the magnitude of this relationship was small. Results from this study suggest that exercise performed 90 min before bed does not negatively impact on sleep inertia. Future studies should investigate the impact of exercise intensity, duration and timing on sleep and subsequent sleep inertia.

To Nap or Not to Nap? A Systematic Review Evaluating Napping Behavior in Athletes and the Impact on Various Measures of Athletic Performance

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-2021

DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S315556

Structural Engineering of the Barrier Oxide Layer of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Iontronic Sensing

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 29-04-2022

DOI: 10.1021/ACSAMI.2C02369

Abstract: The hemispherical barrier oxide layer (BOL) closing the bottom tips of hexagonally distributed arrays of cylindrical nanochannels in nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) membranes is structurally engineered by anodizing aluminum substrates in three distinct acid electrolytes at their corresponding self-ordering anodizing potentials. These nanochannels display a characteristic ionic current rectification (ICR) signal between high and low ionic conduction states, which is determined by the thickness and chemical composition of the BOL and the pH of the ionic electrolyte solution. The rectification efficiency of the ionic current associated with the flow of ions across the anodic BOL increases with its thickness, under optimal pH conditions. The inner surface of the nanopores in NAA membranes was chemically modified with thiol-terminated functional molecules. The resultant NAA-based iontronic system provides a model platform to selectively detect gold metal ions (Au

Can Sleep Be Used as an Indicator of Overreaching and Overtraining in Athletes?

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 24-04-2018

DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2018.00436

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep in chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2023.101761

How many days of monitoring are needed to reliably assess SenseWear Armband outcomes in primary school-aged children?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.02.009

Abstract: To identify the number of hours and days or nights of monitoring required to reliably estimate energy expenditure (EE), steps, waking sedentary time, light- (LPA), moderate- (MPA), vigorous- (VPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), time in bed and total sleep time using the SenseWear Armband. Cross-sectional study. One hundred and two children (50% boys) aged 8-11 years from six schools wore a SenseWear Armband (BodyMedia Inc, USA) for eight consecutive days (seven consecutive nights). Hourly increments of valid day wear time criteria were examined (days/week 8h/day-14h/day). Intra-class correlation coefficients estimated the reliability for any in idual day for each wear time criteria. The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula was used to determine the number of days/nights of monitoring needed to achieve reliability estimates of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. Fewer monitoring days were needed as the valid day criteria became more stringent. For ex le, at least 12h of wear time on at least 2 days was required to achieve a reliability of 0.7 for EE. In contrast, at least 8h/day on 5 days resulted in reliable estimates (0.7) for MPA, VPA and MVPA. Between 6 and 7 nights of monitoring were required to reliably estimate children's time in bed and total sleep time, respectively. A 7-day monitoring protocol in primary school-aged children would provide acceptable reliability for the assessment of EE, waking sedentary time, LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA, time in bed and total sleep time, as assessed by the SenseWear Armband.

Sleep and physical activity in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2021.101482

Assessing safety and treatment efficacy of running on intervertebral discs (ASTEROID) in adults with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2022-001524

Abstract: Poor intervertebral disc (IVD) health is associated with low back pain (LBP). This 12-week parallel randomised controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a progressive interval running programme on IVD health and other clinical outcomes in adults with chronic LBP. Participants will be randomised to either a digitally delivered progressive interval running programme or waitlist control. Participants randomised to the running programme will receive three in idually tailored 30 min community-based sessions per week over 12 weeks. The waitlist control will undergo no formal intervention. All participants will be assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Primary outcomes are IVD health (lumbar IVD T2 via MRI), average LBP intensity over the prior week (100-point visual analogue scale) and disability (Oswestry Disability Index). Secondary outcomes include a range of clinical measures. All outcomes will be analysed using linear mixed models. This study has received ethical approval from the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 2022-162). All participants will provide informed written consent before participation. Regardless of the results, the findings of this study will be disseminated, and anonymised data will be shared via an online repository. This will be the first study to evaluate whether a progressive interval running programme can improve IVD health in adults with chronic LBP. Identifying conservative options to improve IVD health in this susceptible population group has the potential to markedly reduce the burden of disease. This study was registered via the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 29 September 2022 (ACTRN12622001276741).

The influence of training and competition on sleep behaviour of soccer referees

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 26-02-2022

DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1890812

Abstract: The aims of the present study were to (1) quantify sleep behaviours of soccer referees and (2) compare sleep behaviours between nights before training, before matches, and after matches. Fourteen professional soccer referees from the A-League (mean±SD age 34 ± 4 years sex: 11 males, 3 females) participated in this observational study. Referees' sleep behaviours were examined using sleep diaries and wrist activity monitors for 31 consecutive nights during the 2018-2019 A-League season. Separate linear mixed models were conducted to assess differences in sleep behaviours between nights before training, before matches, and after matches. On average, referees did not obtain recommended sleep durations across the in-season (mean±SD sleep duration: 6.4 h ± 0.7 h). Referees went to bed later, spent less time in bed, and slept significantly less post-matches compared to pre-training and pre-match nights ( Referees were particularly susceptible to inadequate sleep on nights following training and matches. The findings related to poor sleep behaviours highlight the importance of implementing monitoring systems to understand the sleep behaviours of referees, with further research encouraged to ascertain the efficacy of various sleep hygiene practices to optimise sleep in this population.

How to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes? A systematic review of interventions

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 17-04-2020

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2019-101635

Abstract: We investigated the management of travel fatigue and jet lag in athlete populations by evaluating studies that have applied non-pharmacological interventions (exercise, sleep, light and nutrition), and pharmacological interventions (melatonin, sedatives, stimulants, melatonin analogues, glucocorticoids and antihistamines) following long-haul transmeridian travel-based, or laboratory-based circadian system phase-shifts. Systematic review Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and non-RCTs including experimental studies and observational studies, exploring interventions to manage travel fatigue and jet lag involving actual travel-based or laboratory-based phase-shifts. Studies included participants who were athletes, except for interventions rendering no athlete studies, then the search was expanded to include studies on healthy populations. Electronic searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar and SPORTDiscus from inception to March 2019. We assessed included articles for risk of bias, methodological quality, level of evidence and quality of evidence. Twenty-two articles were included: 8 non-RCTs and 14 RCTs. No relevant travel fatigue papers were found. For jet lag, only 12 athlete-specific studies were available (six non-RCTs, six RCTs). In total (athletes and healthy populations), 11 non-pharmacological studies (participants 600 intervention group 290 four non-RCTs, seven RCTs) and 11 pharmacological studies (participants 1202 intervention group 870 four non-RCTs, seven RCTs) were included. For non-pharmacological interventions, seven studies across interventions related to actual travel and four to simulated travel. For pharmacological interventions, eight studies were based on actual travel and three on simulated travel. We found no literature pertaining to the management of travel fatigue. Evidence for the successful management of jet lag in athletes was of low quality. More field-based studies specifically on athlete populations are required with a multifaceted approach, better design and implementation to draw valid conclusions. PROSPERO registration number The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42019126852).

New parents and driver safety: What’s sleep got to do with it? A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.TRF.2022.06.009

Associations between firefighters’ physical activity across multiple shifts of wildfire suppression

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 18-01-2016

DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1107626

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between firefighters' physical activity levels across consecutive wildfire suppression shifts and to determine whether sleep duration moderated these associations. Forty volunteer firefighters (31 males, 9 females) wore an activity monitor to concurrently measure physical activity and sleep duration. Sedentary time and time spent in light- (LPA), moderate- (MPA), and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) during each shift were determined using monitor-specific cut points. During any given shift, every additional 60 min spent in LPA was associated with 7.2 min more LPA and 27.6 min MPA the following shift. There were no other significant positive or negative associations. No significant moderating effect of total sleep time was observed. Firefighters are able to maintain and/or increase their physical activity intensity between consecutive shifts. Further research is needed to understand firefighters pacing and energy conservation strategies during emergency wildfire deployments. Practitioner Summary: To examine associations between firefighters' physical activity levels across consecutive shifts during a multi-day emergency wildfire and determine whether sleep duration moderated these associations. Firefighters are able to maintain and/or increase their physical activity intensity between consecutive shifts. No significant moderating effect of total sleep time was observed.

Does knowledge of sleep hygiene recommendations match behaviour in Australian shift workers? A cross-sectional study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 07-2022

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-059677

Abstract: Shiftworkers routinely obtain inadequate sleep, which has major health consequences. Sleep hygiene describes a range of behaviours, lifestyle and environmental factors that can improve sleep. To date, limited research has examined sleep hygiene in shiftworkers. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of sleep hygiene knowledge and engagement with sleep hygiene practices in Australian shiftworkers. An online, cross-sectional survey. Australian adults from across multiple industries (n=588) who work shift work. The online survey included questions regarding sleep hygiene knowledge and questions from modified versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Sleep Hygiene Index. Of the 588 participants, 52.9% reported having heard of ‘sleep hygiene’. Of these participants, 77.5% reported understanding the term moderately, extremely or very well. Engagement with each sleep hygiene practice was varied. Common sleep hygiene practices were controlling the bedroom environment (eg, a cool, dark and quiet bedroom). Less common practices were avoiding light as bedtime approaches. Logistic regressions revealed that shiftworkers who had heard of sleep hygiene were more likely to engage in sleep hygiene practices and had better sleep quality compared with those who had not heard of sleep hygiene. Increased engagement in sleep hygiene practices did not predict the likelihood of in iduals reporting better sleep quality. Shiftworkers demonstrated varied knowledge, understanding and engagement with in idual sleep hygiene practices. Future research should focus on the development of sleep hygiene interventions that accommodate the unique challenges of shift work to optimise sleep.

Wakeup Call: Reviewing the Effects of Sleep on Decision-Making in Athletes and Implications for Sports Officials

Publisher: Montenegrin Sports Academy

Date: 09-2020

DOI: 10.26773/MJSSM.200907

Are prolonged sitting and sleep restriction a dual curse for the modern workforce? a randomised controlled trial protocol

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 07-2020

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-040613

Abstract: Prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep are a growing concern in society and are associated with impairments to cardiometabolic health and cognitive performance. However, the combined effect of prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep on measures of health and cognitive performance are unknown. In addition, the circadian disruption caused by shiftwork may further impact workers’ cardiometabolic health and cognitive performance. This protocol paper outlines the methodology for exploring the impact of simultaneous exposure to prolonged sitting, sleep restriction and circadian disruption on cardiometabolic and cognitive performance outcomes. This between-subjects study will recruit 208 males and females to complete a 7-day in-laboratory experimental protocol (1 Adaptation Day, 5 Experimental Days and 1 Recovery Day). Participants will be allocated to one of eight conditions that include all possible combinations of the following: dayshift or nightshift, sitting or breaking up sitting and 5 hour or 9 hour sleep opportunity. On arrival to the laboratory, participants will be provided with a 9 hour baseline sleep opportunity (22:00 to 07:00) and complete five simulated work shifts (09:00 to 17:30 in the dayshift condition and 22:00 to 06:30 in the nightshift condition) followed by a 9 hour recovery sleep opportunity (22:00 to 07:00). During the work shifts participants in the sitting condition will remain seated, while participants in the breaking up sitting condition will complete 3-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30 mins on a motorised treadmill. Sleep opportunities will be 9 hour or 5 hour. Primary outcome measures include continuously measured interstitial blood glucose, heart rate and blood pressure, and a cognitive performance and self-perceived capacity testing battery completed five times per shift. Analyses will be conducted using linear mixed models. The CQUniversity Human Ethics Committee has approved this study (0000021914). All participants who have already completed the protocol have provided informed consent. Study findings will be disseminated via scientific publications and conference presentations. This study has been registered on Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12619001516178) and is currently in the pre-results stage.

Reply to Patterson et al. Commentary: Fatigue risk management in emergency services personnel.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2021.101485

Randomised controlled trial of informal team sports for cardiorespiratory fitness and health benefit in Pacific adults

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1071/HC11269

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rates of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are high among Pacific people in New Zealand. Physical activity is recommended in the prevention and management of these conditions. Community-based, ‘small-sided game’ group activities may be an effective and culturally appropriate way to promote physical activity within Pacific communities. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of small-sided games-based exercise on fitness and health parameters among Pacific adults over four weeks. METHODS: Twenty untrained (13 female) Pacific adults were randomised to intervention or control. Intervention participants were offered 45 minutes of small-sided games three times per week for four weeks. Control participants were offered one-month gym membership after the trial. Primary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak) and leg strength (maximal concentric force of quadriceps at 60°/second) measured at baseline and four weeks. Secondary outcomes included glycaemia, lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and inflammatory markers. Multivariable regression models were used to assess differences between groups, adjusting for baseline values, age and gender. RESULTS: At baseline, mean age was 34.8 years (SD 12.6), BMI 36.3 (6.7), systolic BP 127.7 mmHg (12.1), HbA1c 6.1% (1.9), VO2 peak 2.5 L/min (0.6) and leg strength 170.0 N.m (57.4). Sixteen participants completed the trial. Change in outcomes were greater in intervention than control participants in absolute VO2 peak (0.9 L/min (p=0.003)), leg strength (17.8 N.m (p=0.04)) and HDL (0.12 mmol/L (p=0.02)). There were no other significant differences. DISCUSSION: Small-sided games appear to be a promising means for improving the health and cardiorespiratory fitness and reducing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Pacific adults. KEYWORDS: Exercise diabetes mellitus, Type 2 Pacific Islands randomized controlled trial health promotion

The associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and mental health in adults: a systematic review and met

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-09-2023

DOI: 10.1186/S44167-023-00026-4

The effects of anticipating a high‐stress task on sleep and performance during simulated on‐call work

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-04-2018

DOI: 10.1111/JSR.12691

Abstract: On-call work is used to manage around the clock working requirements in a variety of industries. Often, tasks that must be performed while on-call are highly important, difficult and/or stressful by nature and, as such, may impact the level of anxiety that is experienced by on-call workers. Heightened anxiety is associated with poor sleep, which affects next-day cognitive performance. Twenty-four male participants (20-35 years old) spent an adaptation, a control and two counterbalanced on-call nights in a time-isolated sleep laboratory. On one of the on-call nights they were told that they would be required to do a speech upon waking (high-stress condition), whereas on the other night they were instructed that they would be required to read to themselves (low-stress condition). Pre-bed anxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory form x-1, and polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalogram analyses were used to investigate sleep. Performance was assessed across each day using the 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (09:30 hours, 12:00 hours, 14:30 hours, 17:00 hours). The results indicated that participants experienced no significant changes in pre-bed anxiety or sleep between conditions. However, performance on the psychomotor vigilance task was best in the high-stress condition, possibly as a result of heightened physiological arousal caused by performing the stressful task that morning. This suggests that performing a high-stress task may be protective of cognitive performance to some degree when sleep is not disrupted.

Can an increase in noradrenaline induced by brief exercise counteract sleep inertia?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 18-09-2020

DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1803900

Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 22-06-2021

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH18136683

Abstract: Gambling has significant costs to the community, with a health burden similar in scale to major depression. To reduce its impact, it is necessary to understand factors that may exacerbate harm from gambling. The gambling environment of late-night licensed venues and 24/7 online gambling has the potential to negatively impact sleep and increase alcohol consumption. This study explored gambling, alcohol, and sleep problems to understand whether there is a relationship between these three factors. Telephone interviews were conducted with a representative s le of Australian adults (n = 3760) combined across three waves of the National Social Survey. Participants completed screening measures for at-risk gambling, at-risk alcohol consumption, insomnia (2015 wave only), and sleep quality. There were small but significant positive correlations between problem gambling and alcohol misuse, problem gambling and insomnia, and problem gambling and poor sleep quality. A regression model showed that gambling problems and alcohol misuse were significant independent predictors of insomnia. A separate regression showed gambling problems (and not alcohol misuse) were a significant predictor of poor sleep quality, but only in one survey wave. Findings suggest that gambling, alcohol, and sleep problems are related within persons. Further research should examine the mechanisms through which this relationship exists.

What Factors Influence the Sleep of On-call Workers?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 27-02-2021

DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1733575

Nanoporous anodic alumina-based iontronics: fundamentals and applications

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1039/D3TC01735D

Abstract: An overview of structural, chemical, and iontronic properties of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) with proof-of-principle demonstrations of state-of-the-art iontronic applications such as ionic diodes, sensors, and osmotic energy generators.

The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.14814/PHY2.14660

The impact of breaking up prolonged sitting on glucose metabolism and cognitive function when sleep is restricted

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.NBSCR.2017.09.001

Nutrition and Supplementation Considerations to Limit Endotoxemia When Exercising in the Heat

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 06-02-2018

DOI: 10.3390/SPORTS6010012

Perception versus Reality: The Relationship between Subjective and Objective Measures of Sleep When On-call under Simulated Laboratory Conditions

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 24-08-2020

DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1807985

Controversies in the science of sedentary behaviour and health: Insights, perspectives and future directions from the 2018 queensland sedentary behaviour think tank

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 27-11-2019

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH16234762

Abstract: The development in research concerning sedentary behaviour has been rapid over the past two decades. This has led to the development of evidence and views that have become more advanced, erse and, possibly, contentious. These include the effects of standing, the breaking up of prolonged sitting and the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the association between sedentary behaviour and health outcomes. The present aim is to report the views of experts (n = 21) brought together (one-day face-to-face meeting in 2018) to consider these issues and provide conclusions and recommendations for future work. Each topic was reviewed and presented by one expert followed by full group discussion, which was recorded, transcribed and analysed. The experts concluded that (a). standing may bring benefits that accrue from postural shifts. Prolonged (mainly static) standing and prolonged sitting are both bad for health (b). ‘the best posture is the next posture’. Regularly breaking up of sitting with postural shifts and movement is vital (c). health effects of prolonged sitting are evident even after controlling for MVPA, but high levels of MVPA can attenuate the deleterious effects of prolonged sitting depending on the health outcome of interest. Expert discussion addressed measurement, messaging and future directions.

Global Research Output on Sleep Research in Athletes from 1966 to 2019: A Bibliometric Analysis

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 30-03-2020

DOI: 10.3390/CLOCKSSLEEP2020010

Abstract: This study examined sleep research in athletes published between 1966 and 2019, through a bibliometric analysis of research output in the Scopus database. Following a robust assessment of titles, the bibliometric indicators of productivity for studies included in the final analysis were: Distribution of publications and citations (excluding self-citations), top ten active journals, countries, institutions and authors, single- and multi-country collaboration, and 25 top-cited papers. Out of the 1015 papers, 313 were included in the final analysis. The majority of the papers were research articles (n = 259 82.8%) and published in English (n = 295 94.3%). From 2011, there was a dramatic increase in papers published (n = 257 82.1%) and citations (n = 3538 91.0%). The number of collaborations increased after 2001, with papers published through international (n = 81 25.9%) and national (n = 192 61.3%) collaboration. Australia was the most prolific country in terms of number of publications (n = 97 31.0%), and citations (n = 1529 15.8%). In conclusion, after the beginning of the twenty-first century, the scientific production on sleep research in athletes has seen significant growth in publication and citation output. Future research should focus on interventions to improve sleep in athletes.

Structural Engineering of the Barrier Oxide Layer of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Iontronic Sensing

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

DOI: 10.1021/ACSAMI.2C02369.S001

The impact of a short burst of exercise on sleep inertia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2021.113617

Abstract: Determine whether 30 s (s) of exercise performed upon waking can reduce sleep inertia and accelerate an increase in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and core body temperature (CBT), compared to when sedentary. Fifteen participants (mean age ± SD, 25.9 ± 5.9 years six females) completed a counterbalanced, repeated measures, in-laboratory study involving three single experimental nights, each separated by a four-night recovery period. Participants were woken following a 2-h nap (2400-0200) and completed a cycling bout of high-intensity (30-s sprint), low-intensity (30 s at 60% maximum heart rate), or no exercise (sedentary). Sleep inertia testing (eight batteries, 15-min intervals) began immediately following and included measures of subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and cognitive performance tasks (psychomotor vigilance, serial addition and subtraction, and spatial configuration). CBT was measured continuously via an ingestible telemetric capsule. The CAR was determined using salivary cortisol s les collected at 0, 30 and 45 min post-waking. Data were analysed using mixed effects analysis of variance. There was no difference in cognitive performance or CBT between conditions. Participants felt less sleepy in the high-intensity condition, followed by the low-intensity and sedentary conditions (p = .003). The CAR was greatest in the high-intensity condition, followed by the sedentary condition, and low-intensity condition (p < 0.001), with no differences between the low-intensity and sedentary conditions. Those who exercise upon waking should be aware that while they may feel more alert, they may not be performing better than if they had not exercised. Future research should investigate whether exercise of different duration or timing may impact sleep inertia.

Impacts of Australian Firefighters’ On-Call Work Arrangements on the Sleep of Partners

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 30-01-2020

DOI: 10.3390/CLOCKSSLEEP2010005

Abstract: On-call work arrangements are commonly utilised in the emergency services sector and are consistency associated with inadequate sleep. Despite sleep being a common shared behaviour, studies are yet to assess the impact of on-call work on the sleep of co-sleeping partners. This study aimed to investigate whether frequent 24/7 on-call work impacted the sleep and relationship happiness of firefighters’ partners. Two key research questions were investigated: (1) Does the frequency of calls impact sleep and relationship happiness? and, (2) Does the (a) sleep quantity and (b) sleep quality of partners impact perceived relationship happiness? A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire completed by partners of on-call workers (n = 66 93% female). The questionnaire included items on (i) sleep quantity and quality, (ii) on-call sleep disturbances and, (iii) relationship happiness. Responses were analysed using logistic regression models. Higher overnight call frequency was associated with greater self-reported levels of inadequate sleep ( h per night p = 0.024). Support for continuance of a firefighter’s role was less likely if the partner reported they regularly had trouble falling asleep within 30 min (p 0.001). There were no other significant relationships between the frequency of calls or other sleep quantity or quality variables and relationship happiness. This study provides important first insights into how firefighters’ on-call work arrangements impact partners’ sleep. Future research is needed across periods of high and low call demand, using objective measures of sleep to further define the impacts of on-call work on partners’ sleep.

Breaking Up Sitting with Light-Intensity Physical Activity: Implications for Shift-Workers

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 16-10-2017

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH14101233

Research combining physical activity and sleep: a bibliometric analysis

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 25-11-2020

DOI: 10.1177/0031512519889780

Abstract: This study used a bibliometric analysis through the Scopus database to examine papers that combined physical activity and sleep, published between 1979 and 2018. Bibliometric indicators of productivity included publication volume and citation distribution, top 10 authors, average authors per paper, single- and multicountry collaboration, collaborative index, top 10 countries, leading journals, highly cited papers and network visualization for coauthorship, international collaboration, and co-occurrence of author keywords. The initial search identified 1,509 papers, of which 607 passed through comprehensive screening and were included in the final analysis. Most of the papers were research articles (90.8%) and published in English (90.8%). Most papers (81.4%) were published within the past decade, 2009–2018. The mean number of papers published per year was 15.2, the mean number of citations per paper was 257.3, and the mean number of authors per paper was 5.5. International collaboration was evident for 21.6% of the papers, and 95.6% of papers were multiauthored. The most prolific publishing institutions and authors were from the United States, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, and Brazil. Keyword analysis suggested that almost all age groups and study designs were covered, but most papers focus on noncommunicable diseases. Although there has been a rise in scientific production on combined physical activity and sleep research in recent years, future work in this area should include researchers from developing countries.

The experience and management of sleep inertia in Australian volunteer firefighters

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.ERGON.2022.103340

Understanding the Differing Impacts of On-Call Work for Males and Females: Results from an Online Survey

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 29-01-2019

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH16030370

Abstract: On-call work is prevalent worldwide and is associated with adverse outcomes, including disrupted sleep, impaired leisure time, and difficulties in mentally detaching from work. Limited studies specifically explored whether men and women experience on-call differently therefore, our aim was to investigate whether sex differences exist in terms of both the impacts of and coping strategies to deal with on-call work. On-call workers (n = 228) participated in an online survey to investigate how on-call work impacts domestic, non-domestic, and leisure activities, and coping strategies. Pearson chi-squared analyses were used to determine sex differences for each construct of interest. Results indicated that female respondents were more likely to be responsible for running their household, and reported that being on call disturbed leisure, domestic, and non-domestic activities “a lot/very much”. While both males and females adopted engaged coping styles, a greater proportion of males used “problem solving” and a greater proportion of females “talked about their feelings” when managing on-call work. These findings provide valuable insight into how males and females are differentially impacted and cope with on-call work. Further research is required to better understand these impacts, particularly over time, and should include measures such as of quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and physical and mental health outcomes.

The Impact of on-Call Work for Partners’ Sleep, Relationship Quality and Daytime Functioning

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 05-03-2019

DOI: 10.3390/CLOCKSSLEEP1010016

Abstract: The on-call schedule is a common work arrangement that allows for the continuance of services during periods of low demand or emergencies. Even though 17%–25% of the world’s population participate in on-call work, the human impacts of on-call are generally poorly described in the literature. Of the studies available on the effects of on-call work on workers, disturbances to sleep duration and sleep quality are the most commonly reported, along with negative sleep-related consequences on sleepiness, fatigue, stress and mood. Research has shown that for couples sharing a bed, disturbances to sleep can impair relationship conflict resolution and reduce relationship quality. In the ‘off-site’ on-call scenario where workers are sleeping at home, their co-sleeping partner may be at risk of sleep disturbances and the subsequent detrimental consequences of this disturbed sleep for themselves and their relationship. To date, few studies have investigated the impact of on-call work for partners’ sleep and the potential sleep-related consequences. Therefore, further studies are needed to specifically address whether on-call work impacts the sleep of partners and whether these sleep disturbances also impact the partner’s daily performance and relationship quality. Our aim was to provide a narrative around the existing, relevant literature that both investigate and inform the potential impact of on-call for workers’ partners’ sleep and related consequences.

Changes in mitochondrial function and mitochondria associated protein expression in response to 2-weeks of high intensity interval training

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 24-02-2015

DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2015.00051

Exercising Caution Upon Waking–Can Exercise Reduce Sleep Inertia?

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 07-04-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2020.00254

Improving Cardiometabolic Health with Diet, Physical Activity, and Breaking Up Sitting: What about Sleep?

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 08-11-2017

DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2017.00865

Comparing the Effects of FIFO/DIDO Workers Being Home versus Away on Sleep and Loneliness for Partners of Australian Mining Workers

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 06-03-2020

DOI: 10.3390/CLOCKSSLEEP2010009

Abstract: Fly in Fly out/Drive in Drive out (FIFO/DIDO) is a prevalent work arrangement in the Australian mining industry and has been associated with adverse outcomes such as psychological stress, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and work/life interference. FIFO/DIDO work arrangements have the potential to not only impact the FIFO/DIDO worker, but also the partner of the FIFO/DIDO worker. However, there is sparse empirical evidence on the impact of FIFO/DIDO work arrangements on partners’ sleep and subsequent performance. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to describe and compare partners’ sleep quality, sleep duration, sleepiness, and loneliness when the FIFO/DIDO workers were at home (off-shift) and away (on-shift). A secondary aim of this study was to examine whether differences in partners’ sleep quality and sleep duration as a result of FIFO/DIDO worker’s absence could be partially explained through the presence of dependents in the home, relationship duration, chronotype, duration in a FIFO/DIDO role, and loneliness. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 195 female and 4 male participants, mostly aged between 18 and 44 years and who had been in a relationship with a FIFO/DIDO mining worker for more than five years. Of note, most participants subjectively reported poor sleep quality, insufficient sleep duration, excessive sleepiness, and moderate to extreme loneliness compared to the general population regardless of whether the FIFO/DIDO workers were at home or away. Compared to when the FIFO/DIDO workers were at home, partners experienced reduced sleep quality and increased loneliness when the FIFO/DIDO workers were away. Secondary analyses revealed that loneliness may partially underpin the negative effect that FIFO/DIDO workers’ absence has on sleep quality. Further research is needed to understand the factors that contribute to poor sleep quality, insufficient sleep duration, excessive sleepiness, and loneliness of FIFO/DIDO partners to inform appropriate strategies to support FIFO/DIDO partners’ health and wellbeing not only in the mining population, but other industries that incorporate similar FIFO/DIDO work arrangements (e.g., emergency services, offshore drilling, and transport).

Associations between sleep and lifestyle behaviours among Australian nursing students: A cross-sectional study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.COLEGN.2020.02.013

Sleep quantity and quality is not compromised during planned burn shifts of less than 12 h

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 27-04-2016

DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1167734

Abstract: Planned burning is a preventative strategy aimed at decreasing fuel loads to reduce the severity of future wildfire events. During planned burn operations, firefighters can work long shifts. Furthermore, remote burning locations may require firefighters to sleep away from home between shifts. The existing evidence surrounding firefighters' sleep during such operations is exclusively anecdotal. The aims of the study were to describe firefighters' sleep during planned burn operations and evaluate the impact of the key operational factors (shift start time, shift length and sleeping location) that may contribute to inadequate sleep. Thirty-three salaried firefighters were recruited from Australia's fire agencies and sleep was measured objectively using wrist actigraphy for four weeks. All variables were examined in two conditions: (1) burn days, and (2) non-burn days. Time in bed, total sleep time, sleep latency and sleep efficiency were evaluated objectively. Subjective reports of pre- and post-sleep fatigue, sleep location, sleep quality, sleep quantity, number of times woken and sleep timing were also recorded. Analyses revealed no differences in measures of sleep quantity and quality when comparing non-burn and burn days. Total sleep time was less when planned burn shifts were >12 h. However, on burn days, work shift start time as well as sleeping location did not impact firefighters' sleep quantity. Self-reported levels of pre- and post-sleep fatigue were greater on burn days compared to non-burn days. These findings indicate that sleep quantity and quality are not compromised during planned burn operations <12 h in duration.

The Discrepancy between Knowledge of Sleep Recommendations and the Actual Sleep Behaviour of Australian Adults

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-01-2021

DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1876693

The impact of anticipating a stressful task on sleep inertia when on-call

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2019.102942

Abstract: Sleep inertia, the state of reduced alertness upon waking, can negatively impact on-call workers. Anticipation of a stressful task on sleep inertia, while on-call was investigated. Young, healthy males (n = 23) spent an adaptation, control and two counterbalanced on-call nights in the laboratory. When on-call, participants were told they would be woken to a high or low stress task. Participants were not woken during the night, instead were given a 2300-0700 sleep opportunity. Participants slept ∼7.5-h in all conditions. Upon waking, sleep inertia was quantified using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and Psychomotor Vigilance and Spatial Configuration Tasks, administered at 15-min intervals. Compared to control, participants felt sleepier post waking when on-call and sleepiest in the low stress compared to the high stress condition (p < .001). Spatial performance was faster when on-call compared to control (p < .001). Findings suggest that anticipating a high-stress task when on-call, does not impact sleep inertia severity.

The Relationship Between Diet and Sleep in Older Adults: a Narrative Review

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-06-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S13668-021-00362-4

Fighting fire and fatigue: sleep quantity and quality during multi-day wildfire suppression

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 18-12-2015

DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1105389

Abstract: This study examined firefighters' sleep quantity and quality throughout multi-day wildfire suppression, and assessed the impact of sleep location, shift length, shift start time and incident severity on these variables. For 4 weeks, 40 volunteer firefighters' sleep was assessed using wrist actigraphy. Analyses revealed that the quantity of sleep obtained on fire days was restricted, and pre- and post-sleep fatigue ratings were higher, compared to non-fire days. On fire days, total sleep time was less when: (i) sleep location was in a tent or vehicle, (ii) shifts were greater than 14 h and (iii) shifts started between 05:00 and 06:00 h. This is the first empirical investigation providing objective evidence that firefighters' sleep is restricted during wildfire suppression. Furthermore, sleep location, shift length and shift start time should be targeted when designing appropriate controls to manage fatigue-related risk and preserve firefighters' health and safety during wildfire events. Practitioner Summary: During multi-day wildfire suppression, firefighters' sleep quantity was restricted, and pre- and post-sleep fatigue ratings were higher, compared to non-fire days. Furthermore, total sleep time was less when: (i) sleep occurred in a tent/vehicle, (ii) shifts were >14 h and (iii) shifts started between 05:00 and 06:00 h.

Effects of Diet on Sleep: A Narrative Review

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 27-03-2020

DOI: 10.3390/NU12040936

Abstract: Many processes are involved in sleep regulation, including the ingestion of nutrients, suggesting a link between diet and sleep. Aside from studies investigating the effects of tryptophan, previous research on sleep and diet has primarily focused on the effects of sleep deprivation or sleep restriction on diet. Furthermore, previous reviews have included subjects with clinically diagnosed sleep-related disorders. The current narrative review aimed to clarify findings on sleep-promoting foods and outline the effects of diet on sleep in otherwise healthy adults. A search was undertaken in August 2019 from the Cochrane, MEDLINE (PubMed), and CINAHL databases using the population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) method. Eligible studies were classified based on emerging themes and reviewed using narrative synthesis. Four themes emerged: tryptophan consumption and tryptophan depletion, dietary supplements, food items, and macronutrients. High carbohydrate diets, and foods containing tryptophan, melatonin, and phytonutrients (e.g., cherries), were linked to improved sleep outcomes. The authors posit that these effects may be due in part to dietary influences on serotonin and melatonin activity.

Are Individuals with Low Trait Anxiety Better Suited to On-Call Work?

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 12-11-2020

DOI: 10.3390/CLOCKSSLEEP2040035

Abstract: Research has indicated that in iduals with certain traits may be better suited to shiftwork and non-standard working arrangements. However, no research has investigated how in idual differences impact on-call outcomes. As such, this study investigated the impact of trait anxiety on sleep and performance outcomes on-call. Seventy male participants (20–35 years) completed an adaptation night, a control night, and two on-call nights in a laboratory. Trait anxiety was determined using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) X-2, and participants completed the STAI X-1 prior to bed each night to assess state anxiety. Sleep was measured using polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalographic analysis. Performance was assessed using a 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performed each day at 0930, 1200, 1430 and 1700 h. Data pooled from three separate but inter-related studies was used for these analyses. Results indicated that the effects of trait anxiety on state anxiety, sleep and performance outcomes on-call were generally limited. These findings suggest that on-call outcomes are not negatively affected by higher levels of trait anxiety.

University Of Adelaide

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Microbiology Laboratories Australia

Location: Australia

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Deakin University

Location: Australia

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University Of Adelaide

Location: Australia

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Central Queensland University

Location: Australia

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Kumon Centre Prospect

Location: Australia

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Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP190101130

Start Date: 2019

End Date: 06-2023

Amount: $626,825.00

Funder: Australian Research Council