ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8082-2976
Current Organisations
Australian Orthopaedic Association
,
The University of Newcastle
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.17320
Abstract: Communities have better health outcomes when their clinicians reflect the ersity of the communities they serve. More than 50% of Australian medical school graduates are female, yet women represent less than 5% of Australian orthopaedic surgeons. Selection into orthopaedic surgical training in Australia is an annual, nation‐wide process, based on curriculum vitae (CV), referee reports and performance in multiple mini‐interviews (MMI). The influence of applicant gender on these selection scores was examined. The CV, referee reports and MMI scores used for selection for each year from 2007 to 2019 were analysed from the perspective of the applicant's gender. Over the years of the study, male applicants had higher CV scores and referee report scores, which determined the gender proportions invited to interview. By contrast, the interview process and selection from interview did not demonstrate a gender association. We describe the impact of selection tools, utilized over the past 13 years, on the gender ersity of trainees commencing orthopaedic surgery training in Australia. Leaders in postgraduate training should examine commonly used selection procedures to identify and reduce the unconscious biases that may affect their performance and value.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-08-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 24-04-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.23.537759
Abstract: Norovirus infection is characterised by a rapid onset of disease and the development of debilitating symptoms including projectile vomiting and diffuse diarrhoea. Vaccines and antivirals are sorely lacking and developments in these areas are h ered by the lack of an adequate cell culture system to investigate human norovirus replication and pathogenesis. Herein, we describe how the model norovirus, Mouse norovirus (MNV), produces a viral protein, NS3, with the functional capacity to attenuate host protein translation which invokes the activation cell death via apoptosis. We show that this function of NS3 is conserved between human and mouse viruses and map the protein domain attributable to this function. Our study highlights a critical viral protein that mediates crucial activities during replication, potentially identifying NS3 as a worthy target for antiviral drug development.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.18159
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.15514
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.17517
Abstract: The purpose of informed consent is to provide patients with adequate information about a proposed plan or intervention, including the benefits and risks, so that they can make an informed decision about their medical treatment. The literature suggests that trainees are often delegated the task of obtaining consent with inadequate knowledge, skill or experience. The aim of this study is to determine the extent orthopaedic surgical trainees have been exposed to education about the informed consent, their perceived ability to obtain consent effectively and the frequency with which they routinely address elements of the process when consenting patients. An eight-item questionnaire assessing trainees' experience with informed consent was distributed to trainees undertaking Australian orthopaedic surgery training in 2019. Of the 239 trainees, 102 completed the questionnaire. Although 99% of trainees were confident that they can obtain valid consent from patients, when asked about aspects of the process, many trainees do not address them. Only 29% of trainees always ask patients about goals of care and 21% always advise the patient of who will be performing the procedure. Trainees who indicated that they had received education on informed consent during surgical training are significantly more likely to address key elements. Trainees' perceptions of their knowledge and skill in relation to informed consent does not align with their reported practice. Although the majority of trainees had received some education on informed consent, greater emphasis on explicit teaching and formal assessment should be undertaken during surgical training, prior to trainees completing this activity independently.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 08-09-2023
Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
Date: 15-11-2022
Abstract: In this study, we investigated how pre-existing Ab immunity to influenza virus established from prior immunizations affects the development of CD8+ T cell responses evoked after vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine. Using a mouse model and a panel of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates (cold adapted and single cycle), we show that pre-existing influenza-specific Abs directed against the vaccine backbone attenuate the size and quality of the vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell response. Importantly, we show that increasing the vaccine dose can overcome this impediment, resulting in improved vaccine-induced circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cell responses, which were protective against heterologous influenza challenge. Thus, the reduced size and quality of the T cell response elicited by a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine imparted by the influenza-specific Ab landscape of the vaccinee can be overcome by increasing vaccine dose.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PATHOGENS12040519
Abstract: Ectopic protein overexpression in immortalised cell lines is a commonly used method to screen host factors for their antiviral activity against different viruses. However, the question remains as to what extent such artificial protein overexpression recapitulates endogenous protein function. Previously, we used a doxycycline-inducible overexpression system, in conjunction with approaches to modulate the expression of endogenous protein, to demonstrate the antiviral activity of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 against influenza A virus (IAV) but not parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3) in A549 cells. We now show that constitutive overexpression of the same IFITM constructs in A549 cells led to a significant restriction of PIV-3 infection by all three IFITM proteins. Variable IFITM mRNA and protein expression levels were detected in A549 cells with constitutive versus inducible overexpression of each IFITM. Our findings show that overexpression approaches can lead to levels of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 that significantly exceed those achieved through interferon stimulation of endogenous protein. We propose that exceedingly high levels of overexpressed IFITMs may not accurately reflect the true function of endogenous protein, thus contributing to discrepancies when attributing the antiviral activity of in idual IFITM proteins against different viruses. Our findings clearly highlight the caveats associated with overexpression approaches used to screen cellular host proteins for antiviral activity.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 20-09-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.15609
Abstract: The Australian Orthopaedic Association (AOA) is the peak professional body for orthopaedic surgeons in Australia and is responsible for their training and continuing medical education. The 2012 AOA strategic education review employed a gap analysis to identify issues and generate a roadmap for the enhancement of AOA's education and training activities. This paper describes the process and outcomes of this review, which led to the 'AOA 21' Education Re-design Project, and the review's relevance to surgical education in Australia. The AOA strategic education review was undertaken by international clinician education and orthopaedic experts, and involved AOA staff, fellows and trainee members throughout Australia. This review progressed through four phases: a review of current training a global 'best-practice' perspective a set of aspirational goals and a roadmap for implementation. Seven key strengths (e.g. camaraderie in training and surgical skills teaching) and 15 challenges (e.g. 'non-technical' skills teaching, subjective methods of decision making and inadequate assessment practices) were identified in the review stage. Sixteen major recommendations for improvements incorporating current or emerging world's best education practices were targeted in an 8-year implementation framework. The AOA's strategic education review serves as a roadmap for other specialty training organizations to review their programmes and implement contemporary best practices in surgical training. The AOA 21 project has positioned orthopaedic surgery as a leader in competency-based surgical education and training in Australia.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-05-2009
Abstract: The main goal of pre-operative skin preparation is to reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections by removing transient and commensal organisms from the skin. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of application of antiseptic solution in their effectiveness in removing these organisms from the skin. Fifty volunteers participated in the study. In 25 patients, the left hand was prepared using a standard paint technique and the right hand using the bag technique in the other 25 the right was painted and the left was prepared using the bag technique. Three areas of the hand were examined: the paronychium of the thumb, the second web space and the hyponychium of the middle finger. Bacterial cultures were assessed after 5 days for growth. The bag technique proved better at removing organisms from the skin when comparing each site, and when comparing the total number of colony forming units ( P = 0.002 for the thumb, P = 0.013 for the second web space and P = 0.003 for the middle finger). We concluded that pre-operative application of povidoneiodine to a hand using a non-sterile bag technique is more effective in removing skin organisms than the standard paint technique.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.1177/021849239500300209
Abstract: An 11-year experience with 17 acute traumatic ruptures of the thoracic aorta is reviewed. Superior mediastinal widening on initial chest X-ray (CXR) was present in 15 patients. In 2 patients the mediastinum on CXR was initially normal but became wider with regular subsequent films. The diagnosis was made by aortography in 16 patients. All ruptures involved the aortic isthmus although one extended into the distal aortic arch. Emergency aortic repair was performed in all cases. Two had direct suture repair, 1 had a Dacron® patch, and the others required interposition tube grafts. Techniques used to enhance repair varied from a simple cross-cl without heparinization to total cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia, and circulatory arrest. Four patients underwent surgery for other conditions prior to aortic repair (2 craniotomies, 2 laparotomies). There was 1 postoperative death and 2 cases of permanent paraparesis, both of which had been documented preoperatively. Aortography is a reliable diagnostic investigation in this condition. Repair should be performed in a center equipped with cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgical priority over the aortic repair should be given only to intracranial hemorrhage or selected cases of intraabdominal bleeding. Paraplegia can result from the injury as well as being associated with the aortic repair.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-06-2017
Abstract: Orthopaedic educators are responsible for training a prepared and competent workforce that will provide effective care for a growing number of patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Currently, there are both internal and external forces that pose substantial challenges to medical students, residents, program directors, faculty members, and chairs in achieving this goal. One area of particular concern is the education of surgeons, whose knowledge and professional behavior must be matched by their ability to acquire procedural skills. In order to address this issue, many training systems have implemented a competency-based training approach into their curricula. This article discusses the efforts that orthopaedic training bodies in Canada and Australia have taken toward competency-based education and what steps the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS), the Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD), the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA), the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) are considering to improve residency education in the current and future environments.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-03-2018
Abstract: Nail varnish is commonly removed from fingernails prior to surgical procedures. We report the results of a randomized controlled trial comparing the microbial counts in hands with and without nail varnish applied, following surgical skin preparation. Forty-three patients were randomized three patients were lost to follow-up. Each patient had one hand painted with nail varnish and had both hands tested 1 week later. There was no significant difference in terms of positive microbial growth between the nail plates or hyponichia with or without nail varnish applied. Our results demonstrate that the presence of nail varnish does not have an effect on the microbial counts of hands following surgical skin preparation. Level of evidence: I
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-0009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1445-2197.1998.TB04832.X
Abstract: A perceived increase in the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in orthopaedic surgeons prompted an assessment of the use and value of thyroid shields in the operating theatre. The radiation exposure to the thyroid area of 19 orthopaedic trainees was measured over a 3-month period, while they were operating. The results were correlated with thyroid function tests and the number of emergency operative cases performed. Thirteen trainees received radiation exposure within the guidelines set for the general population. Two trainees received exposure above this but within the guidelines set for occupational exposure. A thyroid shield reduced radiation exposure of the neck in one trainee by a factor of 13. The availability and usage of thyroid shields was low: only seven out of 13 trainees used shields. A thyroid shield should be worn by orthopaedic surgeons if radiation is used during the operative procedure.
No related grants have been discovered for Ian Incoll.