Publication
Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Tramadol in Human Plasma
Publisher:
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date:
11-03-2021
DOI:
10.2174/1573411016666200319101416
Abstract: Tramadol, (±)-trans-2-[(dimethylamino) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol, is a synthetic centrally acting analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to chronic pain. Tramadol, like other narcotic drugs, is used for the treatment of pain and may also be abused. Its overdose can cause adverse effects such as dizziness, vomiting, and nausea. The aim of this paper is to develop a s le preparation method for the determination of tramadol in human plasma s les, followed by CE analysis. Ultrasound assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using binary mixed extractant solvent (chloroform and ethyl acetate) was used for the extraction of one hundred microliters of tramadol spiked human plasma s les and in real human plasma s les obtained from the patients with abuse of tramadol. After evaporation of the extractant solvent, the residue was reconstituted in 100 μL deionized water and subsequently analyzed by CE-UV. The developed method has remarkable characteristics, including simplicity, good repeatability and appreciable accuracy. Under the best extraction conditions, a low limit of detection at 7.0 μg per liter level with good linearity in the range of 0.02-10 μg mL -1 was obtained. UA-DLLME, using a binary mixed extraction solvent, was established for the determination of tramadol in human plasma s les via the CE method with UV-detection. In addition, the analysis of tramadol in some plasma s les of patients with abuse of tramadol indicated that the method has acceptable performance for the determination of tramadol in plasma s les, which indicates that the method is suitable for clinical applications.