ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6325-1531
Current Organisation
CNRS
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2018.09.138
Abstract: One of the most adopted solutions in developed countries to manage stormwater is detention/retention basins which generate large quantities of sediments that have to be removed regularly. In order to manage them properly, accurate data are needed about their physical and chemical characteristics, particularly on micropollutant concentrations and their associated risk. This work consisted in a two-year s ling of dry sediments from a detention-settling basin. Priority substances, including pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), alkylphenols and bisphenol A (BPA), were monitored. Different sites in the basin bottom were s led in order to investigate spatial distribution of the contamination. Results show that the increase of the sediment thickness in the basin was heterogeneous with a maximum of 15 cm after two years. Pesticides and PBDE were, if detected, mainly found in low concentrations from 2 ng/g to 286 ng/g. Conversely, alkylphenols and bisphenol A were always quantified at concentrations varying from 6 ng/g to 3400 ng/g. These high levels suggest that these sediments should be managed with precautions. Spatial heterogeneity of alkylphenol ethoxylates and BPA concentrations was observed, with higher contamination of alkylphenol ethoxylates in anaerobic zones and BPA levels correlated with total organic carbon and in a lesser extent to fine particles.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.08.075
Abstract: Hospital wastewater (HWW) contain a large number of chemical pollutants such as disinfectants, surfactants, and pharmaceutical residues. A part of these pollutants is not eliminated by traditional urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), leading to a risk for the aquatic ecosystems receiving these effluents. In order to assess this risk, we formulated a specific methodology based on the ecotoxicological characterisation of the hospital wastewater using a battery of three chronic bioassays (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Heterocypris incongruens and Brachionus calyciflorus). We used it for the posteriori risk assessment of a hospital recently built in south-east France, and we studied the evolution of this risk during two years. We also used it to assess the decrease of the ecotoxicological risk after treatment of the effluent in a specific line of the local WWTP. Lastly, we compared these results with the risk assessment made before the building of the hospital in the context of a priori risk assessment. The results obtained showed an important evolution of the risk overtime, according to the hospital activities and the river flows, and a real decrease of the risk after treatment in the dedicated line. They also showed that the a priori assessment of ecotoxicological risks, made previously, was overstated, mainly because of the application of the precautionary principle.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2013.09.088
Abstract: Beebread is among the matrices suspected of contaminating honeybee. To better understand this contamination, the study aimed to develop an efficient, sensitive and reliable analytical method for the trace analysis of pesticides in beebread. This study focuses specifically on the insecticides pyrethroids and neonicotinoids and some of their metabolites. It describes the development and validation of an original analytical approach that consists of one simple extraction method based on modified QuEChERS followed by a selective and sensitive analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS to determine the target compounds in beebread. The method was validated using a quadratic fit. RSD values below 20% were obtained, except for 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and imidacloprid at 0.5 ng/g, which exhibited RSDs of 25% and 21%, respectively. The intra-day precision was less than 10% for many of the investigated compounds. The inter-day precision varied between 2% and 36%, depending on the compound and the concentration. The recoveries varied from 53% to 119%, with averages of 83, 81 and 77% for the extraction of beebread s les spiked at 0.5, 5 and 10 ng/g, respectively. The LOD values for all the substances were below ng/g, with the exception of 6-chloronicotinic acid (LOD=1.7 ng/g). The method was then applied to the analysis of 32 beebread s les and revealed the presence of 7 of the target substances. The most frequently detected pesticides belonged to the neonicotinoid family and were generally present at low concentrations, but in some cases exceeded 170 ng/g (acetamiprid and thiacloprid). Some pyrethroids were also detected (lambda-cyhalothrine and bifenthrine), but at very low levels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.03.489
Abstract: Groundwater systems are being increasingly used to provide potable and other water supplies. Due to human activities, a range of organic pollutants is often detected in groundwater. One source of groundwater contamination is via stormwater infiltration basins, however, there is little information on the types of compounds present in these collection systems and their influence on the underlying groundwater. We developed an analytical strategy based on the use of passive s ling combined with liquid chromatography/high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for screening for the presence of pesticide and pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater and stormwater runoff. Empore™ disk-based passive s lers (SDB-RPS and SDB-XC sorbents) were exposed, using for the first time a new specially designed deployment rig, for 10 days during a rainfall event in five different stormwater infiltration systems around Lyon, France. Stormwater runoff and groundwater (via a well, upstream and downstream of each basin) was s led. Exposed Empore™ disks were solvent extracted (acetone and methanol) and the extracts analysed using a specific suspect compound screening workflow. High resolution mass spectrometry coupled with a suspect screening approach was found to be a useful tool as it allows a more comprehensive analysis than with targeted screening whilst being less time consuming than non-targeted screening. Using this analytical approach, 101 suspect compounds were tentatively identified, with 40 of this set being subsequently confirmed. The chemicals detected included fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, indicators of human activity, antibiotics, antiepileptics, antihypertensive and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as their metabolites. Polar pesticides were mainly detected in groundwater and pharmaceuticals were more frequently found in runoff. In terms of detection frequency of the pollutants, groundwater impacted by infiltration was found not to be significantly more contaminated than non-impacted groundwater.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2012.05.034
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the analysis of traces of hormonal steroids and veterinary and human drugs in soil. Thus, 31 substances were selected, including 14 veterinary products, 11 hormonal steroids and 6 other well-known human contaminant compounds. The procedure inspired by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method was developed. First the acetonitrile-based extraction was optimized. This step was followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up using both a strong anion-exchange cartridge and a polymeric cartridge. The analysis was then performed using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole analyser operated with tandem mass spectrometry. This analytical procedure was validated using the ICH/2005 standard by evaluating the linearity (from 0.01 ng/g to 1000 ng/g--R²>0.99), the intra-day precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)<20%), the inter-day precision (RSD<30%), recoveries (40-110% for most of the compounds) and limits of detection and quantification. This method allowed for the determination of the target analytes in the lower ng/g concentration range. The methodology was then applied to real soil s les collected in several areas of France that received different manure or sludge treatments. Some target compounds were detected at very low level (inferior to the ng/g). Veterinary antibiotics, mainly from the sulfonamide family, were found in soils treated by manure (0.02-0.12 ng/g). On the other hand, pharmaceuticals usually used by humans (carbamazepine, ibuprofen) were detected in soils treated by domestic sludge.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2019.120307
Abstract: This study describes the development of a novel Empore™ disk-based passive s ler specially adapted to groundwater monitoring. The s ler was calibrated in the laboratory using conditions that corresponded to groundwater (i.e. matrix medium, water temperature, flow rate and water flow across the disks). The retention and elution performance for sixteen semi-polar and polar pollutants on the Empore™ disk (47 mm diameter, SDB-XC) was evaluated. Recoveries were ~80% for the majority of compounds. S ler uptake kinetics were measured over fourteen days at three concentrations (10, 100 and 500 ng L
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2008.09.034
Abstract: Most analytical methodologies currently available for the determination of steroids in water only identify a few representative compounds (mainly estrogens). In this context, a multi-residue methodology based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of 26 steroids including natural and synthetic estrogens, progestagens and androgens. The method described involves limited s le preparation as it includes a filtration followed by a single solid-phase extraction step using a C18 cartridge. The analytical procedure allows the determination of the target analytes in the lower ng/L range, with recoveries above 80%. The methodology was successfully applied to the analysis of steroids in several surface and ground-waters. In all the waters, estrogens, androgens and/or progestagens were determined.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-013-7450-8
Abstract: Emerging contaminants are suspected to cause adverse effects in humans and wildlife. Aquatic ecosystems are continuously contaminated by agricultural and industrial sources. To establish a causality relationship between the occurrence of contaminants in the environment and disease, experiments including all environmental matrices must be performed. Consequently, the current analytical tools must be improved. A new multi-residue method for analysing 15 emerging pollutants in sediments based on the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe approach is reported. The development of such a multirisque, inter-family method for sediment including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products and plasticizers is reported for the first time. The procedure involves salting-out liquid-liquid extraction using acetonitrile and clean-up with dispersive solid phase extraction, followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The validated analytical procedure exhibited recoveries between 40 and 98% for every target compound. This methodology facilitated the determination of pollutant contents at nanogram-per-gram concentrations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-9662-5
Abstract: It is well known that pharmaceuticals are not completely removed by conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Hospital effluents are of major concern, as they present high concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds. Despite this, these specific effluents are usually co-treated with domestic wastewaters. Separate treatment has been recommended. However, there is a lack of information concerning the efficiency of separate hospital wastewater treatment by activated sludge, especially on the removal of pharmaceuticals. In this context, this article presents the results of a 2-year monitoring of conventional parameters, surfactants, gadolinium, and 13 pharmaceuticals on the specific study site SIPIBEL. This site allows the characterization of urban and hospital wastewaters and their separate treatment using the same process. Flow proportional s ling, solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used in order to obtain accurate data and limits of quantification consistent with ultra-trace detection. Thanks to these consolidated data, an in-depth characterization of urban and hospital wastewaters was realized, as well as a comparison of treatment efficiency between both effluents. Higher concentrations of organic carbon, AOX, phosphates, gadolinium, paracetamol, ketoprofen, and antibiotics were observed in hospital wastewaters compared to urban wastewaters. Globally higher removals were observed in the hospital wastewater treatment plant, and some parameters were shown to be of high importance regarding removal efficiencies: hydraulic retention time, redox conditions, and ambient temperature. Eleven pharmaceuticals were still quantified at relevant concentrations in hospital and urban wastewaters after treatment (e.g., up to 1 μg/L for sulfamethoxazole). However, as the urban flow was about 37 times higher than the hospital flow, the hospital contribution appeared relatively low compared to domestic discharges. Thanks to the SIPIBEL site, data obtained from this 2-year program are useful to evaluate the relevance of separate hospital wastewater treatment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2021.122441
Abstract: Of the large number of emerging pollutants discharged from wastewaters into surface waters, surfactants are among those with the highest concentrations. However, few monitoring in river waters of these substances have already been performed and only on a few families, mostly anionic. This work aimed to develop a multi-family analytical strategy suitable for the quantification of low concentrations of surfactant in surface waters. Twelve families of surfactants, anionic, cationic and non-ionic were selected. Their quantification by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and their extraction by SPE were optimized by comparing different retention mechanisms. The best performances were obtained with a C18 grafted silica LC column and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) polymeric SPE cartridge. The final analytical method was validated and applied for the quantification of surfactants in 36 river water s les. Method limits of quantification (LQ), intra and inter days precision and trueness were evaluated. With LQ between 15 and 485 ng/L, and trueness over 80%, this method was suitable for monitoring surfactants in surface water. Application on French river water s les revealed the presence of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants with median concentrations from 24 ng/L for octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), up to 4.6 μg/L regarding linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2016.04.078
Abstract: Discharges of surfactants from wastewater treatment plants are often considered as the principal vector of pollution into the environment. The analysis of complex matrices, such as urban wastewater, suspended solids and biological sludge requires careful preparation of the s le to obtain a sensitive, selective and reproducible analysis. A simple, fast, effective and multi-residue method based on the SPE (water) and QuEChERS (solid matrices) approaches using synthetic matrices for validation and quantification, has been developed for the determination of 16 surfactants in wastewater, suspended solids and biological sludge. This work resulted in an innovative method that was validated to detect and assess several classes of surfactants such as quaternary ammonium compounds, betaïns, alkylphenols and their ethoxylated or sulfated derivatives in urban wastewater and solid matrices. The optimised extraction method exhibited recoveries comprised between 83% and 120% for all the tested compounds in the dissolved matrix and between 50% and 109% for particulate matrix. The limits of quantification of all compounds were comprised between 0.1 and 1.0μg/L for dissolved matrix and between 2 and 1000ng/g (dry weight) in particulate matrix. Linearity was assessed for all compounds within the [LOQ-250LOQ] range. Confidence intervals were also computed in real matrices with less than 15% margin of error for all studied surfactants. This work has confirmed, first and foremost, that surfactants are indeed highly concentrated in urban wastewater. As expected, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates were present at significant concentrations (up to 1-2mg/L). In addition, although biological processing results in significant removal of the total pollution, the residual concentrations at output of WWTP remain significant (up to 100μg/L).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.STEROIDS.2015.10.011
Abstract: To simultaneously measure some targeted endocrine disruptors and several forms of sex hormones in rat serum, an accurate analytical procedure was developed. First, a comparison between a polymeric-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) and a micro-extraction by packed sorbent was performed to choose the optimal method to extract and concentrate the analytes: bisphenol A, atrazine, vinclozolin metabolite, testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol, estrone-sulfate and glucuronide and estradiol-sulfate and glucuronide. The analyses were then performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionisation in positive and negative modes. The protocol based on SPE was validated using the ICH/2005 guidelines. The validation demonstrated good performance in terms of linearity (R(2)>0.99), recovery (71-90%) and repeatability (relative standard deviation: 1-18%). The method was sensitive with LOQ comprised between 0.1 and 0.4 ng/ml for androgens and between 0.098 and 10.2 ng/ml for estrogens. The results obtained on the serum of rats exposed to the targeted endocrine disruptors showed the suitability of this analytical strategy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-2619-Z
Abstract: To collect a complete dataset regarding the occurrence of organic substances in groundwater, this study presents the examination of 66 organic contaminants in the groundwater of overseas departments, including pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones and some industrial substances. The selective and sensitive analytical methods are described. These techniques begin with solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS). The paper summarises the analytical results from 40 s ling points collected during two c aigns in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, Mayotte and Guiana, representing 80 s les. Of the 66 target substances, 36 were determined at least once. Among the most frequently detected are bisphenol A (frequency, 96% max., 7,400 ng/L), caffeine (frequency, 91% max., 1,240 ng/L), pentachlorophenol (frequency, 55% max., 418 ng/L), and carbamazepine (frequency, 56% max., 22 ng/L). The results do not put in evidence that the origin of the s le or climatic characteristics of these regions influence the dilution and release of micropollutants.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S10695-012-9720-3
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify a signal that could be used as an androgen exposure indicator in the European bullhead (Cottus sp.). For this purpose, the ultra-structure of the kidney was characterized to identify normal structure of this organ, and histological changes previously described in the kidney of breeding male bullheads were quantified using the kidney epithelium height (KEH) assay previously developed and validated for the stickleback. In the next step, the effect of trenbolone acetate (TbA), a model androgen, was assessed to identify potential androgenic regulation of bullhead kidney hypertrophy. Measurement of KEH performed on adult non-breeding male and female bullheads exposed for 14 and 21 days to 0, 1.26 and 6.50 μg/L showed that kidney hypertrophy is induced in a dose-dependent manner, confirming the hypothesis that the European bullhead possesses a potential biomarker of androgen exposure. Combined with the wide distribution of the European bullhead in European countries and the potential of this fish species for environmental toxicology studies in field and laboratory conditions, the hypothesis of a potential biomarker of androgen exposure offers interesting perspectives for the use of the bullhead as a relevant sentinel fish species in monitoring studies. Inducibility was observed with high exposure concentrations of TbA. Further studies are needed to identify molecular signals that could be more sensitive than KEH.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2015.10.091
Abstract: Polymer items are extensively present in the human environment. Humans may be consequently exposed to some compounds, such as additives, incorporated in these items. The objective of this work is to assess the human exposure to the main additives such as those authorized in the packaging for pharmaceutical products. The urinary matrix was selected to optimally answer this challenge because it has already been proven that the exposure to chemicals can be revealed by the analysis of this biological matrix. A multi-residue analytical method for the trace analysis at ng/mL in human urine was developed, and consisted of an extraction of analytes from urine by solid phase extraction (SPE) and an analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). Even if the quantification of these compounds was an analytical challenge because of (i) the presence of these substances in the analytical process, (ii) the ersity of their physicochemical properties, and (iii) the complexity of the matrix, the optimized method exhibited quantification limits lower than 25ng/mL and recoveries between 51% and 120% for all compounds. The method was validated and applied to 52 human urines. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first study allowing the assessment of the occurrence of more than twenty polymer additives at ng/mL in human urine.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-0470-8
Abstract: Healthcare facility discharges, by their nature, are often considered as non-domestic effluent, which can provide significant pollution comparatively to other domestic sources. In this context, a total of 12 monthly s ling c aigns were collected from a healthcare facility as well as the output of a sewerage system of Site Pilote de Bellecombe (SIPIBEL) observatory. This study focuses more specifically on 12 surfactants and biocides: four anionics, four cationic, two non-ionic, one zwitterionic, and one dispersive agent, among the most commonly used commercial surfactants. Particular attention was also provided to routine wastewater quality parameters. Both effluents were heavily contaminated by most anionic surfactants they displayed median concentrations up to 1 to 2 mg/L for linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and between 10 and 100 μg/L for other sodium sulfate congeners (lauryl and laureth). Overall, for the majority of surfactants, the healthcare facility contribution to the total flux reaching the wastewater treatment plant ranges between 5 and 9%.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41597-021-01002-W
Abstract: Non-target analysis (NTA) employing high-resolution mass spectrometry is a commonly applied approach for the detection of novel chemicals of emerging concern in complex environmental s les. NTA typically results in large and information-rich datasets that require computer aided (ideally automated) strategies for their processing and interpretation. Such strategies do however raise the challenge of reproducibility between and within different processing workflows. An effective strategy to mitigate such problems is the implementation of inter-laboratory studies (ILS) with the aim to evaluate different workflows and agree on harmonized/standardized quality control procedures. Here we present the data generated during such an ILS. This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of s les based on the passive s ling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS10020191
Abstract: Antibiotics used in agriculture may reach the environment and stimulate the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the soil microbiome. However, the scope of this phenomenon and the link to soil properties needs to be elucidated. This study compared the short-term effects of a range of gentamicin concentrations on the microbiome and resistome of bacterial enrichments and microcosms of an agricultural soil using a metagenomic approach. Gentamicin impact on bacterial biomass was roughly estimated by the number of 16SrRNA gene copies. In addition, the soil microbiome and resistome response to gentamicin pollution was evaluated by 16SrRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing, respectively. Finally, gentamicin bioavailability in soil was determined. While gentamicin pollution at the scale of µg/g strongly influenced the bacterial communities in soil enrichments, concentrations up to 1 mg/g were strongly adsorbed onto soil particles and did not cause significant changes in the microbiome and resistome of soil microcosms. This study demonstrates the differences between the response of bacterial communities to antibiotic pollution in enriched media and in their environmental matrix, and exposes the limitations of culture-based studies in antibiotic-resistance surveillance. Furthermore, establishing links between the effects of antibiotic pollution and soil properties is needed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2022.339773
Abstract: When dealing with complex matrices such as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge or animal manure, usual MRM quantification may lack enough sensitivity or accuracy due to the presence of numerous interfering compounds co-extracted from the matrix. To circumvent the sensitivity and specificity loss, the method development can be focused on s le extraction, purification or/and optimisation of the detection. In this study, we propose an enhancement of a method for the analysis of five beta-lactams (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cefapirin, Ceftiofur, and Cloxacillin) in WWTP, with the use of a hybrid triple quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap (LIT) spectrometer, enabling triple stage MS acquisition, namely MRM
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2022.123220
Abstract: Despite their very wide use in various fields, knowledge concerning surfactants in environmental solid matrices is generally poor. One of the difficulties encountered in the analysis of surfactants is their very erse physicochemical properties which require different extraction techniques. The objective of this work was therefore to develop an extraction method in sediments that allows the simultaneous analysis of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. Different extraction techniques (salting-out, ultrasound), solvents and additives were compared. The optimized method, followed by analysis by coupling liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, was then validated and applied to real s les in which the analytes were quantified by matrix matched calibration. Optimization of the extraction parameters showed different trends depending on the surfactant family. However, ultrasound assisted extraction with a 90/10 acetonitrile/water mixture at 1% acetic acid and 0.1 M EDTA showed the best results overall. The quantification limits obtained, between 6.4 μg/kg for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) C10 and 158 μg/kg for 1-laureth sulfate, allow the analysis of traces in sediments. Eighteen of the 27 targeted surfactants were thus detected. The highest concentrations were found for LAS and quaternary ammoniums. Strong correlations between concentrations of different homologues of the same families of surfactants were observed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-3089-Z
Abstract: To collect a large data set regarding the occurrence of organic substances in sediment, this study presents the examination of 20 micropollutants, as a national survey. The list of target compounds contains two alkylphenols, three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) not commonly included in monitoring programmes, six pesticides or metabolites, five pharmaceutical compounds, two hormones, one UV filter and bisphenol A. The selective and sensitive analytical methods, based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) s le preparation followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS), allow the quantification at limits comprised between 0.5 and 23 ng/g, depending on the compound. The paper summarizes the analytical results from 154 s ling points. Of the 20 target compounds, 9 were determined at least once, and the sediments contained a maximum of 7 substances. The most frequently detected were PAHs (frequency, 77 % max., 1,400 ng/g). The pharmaceutical compounds, hormones and pesticides were rarely detected in the s les the most frequently detected was carbamazepine (frequency, 6 % max., 31 ng/g). In some cases, the levels of PAHs and bisphenol A exceed the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values.
No related grants have been discovered for Emmanuelle VULLIET.