ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9947-4374
Current Organisations
University of Sydney
,
Institute of Progressive Medicine
,
University of Melbourne
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1995
DOI: 10.1016/0928-0197(95)00020-9
Abstract: A cytomegalovirus-like 'stealth virus' had previously been isolated from a patient with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). To determine the original derivation of this virus. DNA sequencing of cloned regions of the virus was performed and the sequences were compared using BLASTN and FASTA analyses against the entire GenBank database. Viral sequences were also used to design primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA and amino acid sequence comparisons showed that the stealth virus was more closely related to the Colburn strain of simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV) than to CMV of either human or rhesus monkey origin or to any other sequenced herpesvirus. Similarity, but non-identity, between the stealth virus and SCMV, was confirmed using PCR. The findings implicate the African green monkey as the probable source of the virus isolated from this CFS patient.
Publisher: ScienceOpen
Date: 07-05-2021
DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPTYKYK.V1
Abstract: Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to variable clinical outcomes. Approximately 40% of those infectedwill remain asymptomatic with a similar percentage developing a mild to moderate illness, essentially localized to the respiratory system. A markedly more severe and extensive illness involving multiple organs occurs in the remaining approximately 20% of those infected. A further intriguing consequence of Covid-19 disease is the continuing illness in about 10% of those with either the mild to moderate or the more severe acute Covid-19 disease. This Long Covid-19 syndrome has many features in common with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The concept of coinfecting virus pathogens is central to understanding several human diseases. Another useful concept is that of stealth adapted viruses. These viruses differ from the viruses from which they are derived in not typically evoking inflammation. This is because of deletion or mutation of the genes coding for the relatively few virus components that are normally targeted by the cellular immune system. It is a generic process that can potentially apply to all viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Stealth adaptation has occurred with thecytomegaloviruses of rhesus and African green monkeys. Kidney cells from African green monkeys are still being used to produce poliovirus vaccines.DNA sequencing studies on these monkey-derived stealth adapted viruses show that in addition to deletions or mutations of some of the originating virus genes, stealth adaptation can involve the incorporation of additional genetic sequences from cells, other viruses, and bacteria. These“renegade” sequences become components within the reformed, replicating and infectious stealth adapted viruses. The variable and erse genetic compositions of different stealth adapted viruses are likely to at least occasionally include some elements that are interactive with genes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This could lead to the potentiation of either or both viruses with added pathogenicity for the infected in idual. Moreover, although the residual virus components may not be ordinarily immunogenic, some may become so if the virus levels are greatly increased and/or the immune system is sufficiently stimulated. A strong case can be made for a role of stealth adapted viruses in patients with the Long Covid-19 syndrome. These patients can be ided into those who had similar but milder symptoms prior to Covid-19 and those who had previously been asymptomatic.The former patients were probably infected earlier with a stealth adapted virus, which has now become potentiated through its interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The later patients are likely to be newly infected with a stealth adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus. The next step in exploring this hypothesis is to culture the blood of patients for evidence of infection with stealth adapted viruses, followed by genetic sequencing of the positive cultures.The testing should include patients who have experienced severe acute Covid-19 illness and patients with the Long Covid-19 syndrome. Identifying severe acute Covid-19 illness as a co-infection and the realization that the Long Covid-19 syndrome is also an infectious and transmissible disease will have important Public Health implications with regards to an expanding spectrum of human illnesses.
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 20-06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2013.12.001
Abstract: Direct UV detection of carbohydrates in free solution capillary electrophoresis at 270 nm is made possible by a photo-oxidation reaction. Glucose, rhamnose and xylose were shown to have unique UV absorption spectra hypothesizing different UV absorbing intermediates for their respective photo-oxidation. NMR spectroscopy of the photo-oxidation end products proved they consisted of carboxylates and not malondialdehyde as previously theorized and that oxygen thus plays a key role in the photo-oxidation pathway. Adding the photo-initiator Irgacure(®) 2959 in the background electrolyte increased sensitivity by 40% at an optimum concentration of 1×10(-4) mM and 1×10(-8) mM for conventional 50 μm i.d. capillaries and for the corresponding extended light path capillaries, respectively.
Publisher: ScienceOpen
Date: 08-05-2021
DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPSVSKM.V1
Abstract: The continuing emergence of variant forms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the probable consequence of using the current Covid-19 vaccines. These vaccines do not induce the same immunity as do naturally occurring infections.First, the vaccines are given by intramuscular injections. This is far less effective than natural infection in stimulating the development of virus specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) producing cells and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) within the respiratory mucosa. Virus exposure in a previously vaccinated in idual with limited mucosal immunity increases the risk of a persistent, subclinical infection, which will initially be restricted to the superficial mucosa. NIH and CDC officials have alluded to this possibility in advising those who have been vaccinated to continue wearing masks lest they may infect others. The second major distinction between the Covid-19 vaccines and natural infection is the FDA allowance of using only one component as the antigen, namely the spike protein. Deletion or other modifications of a single targeted component can occur more readily as an immune evasion mechanism than concurrent genetic modifications of multiple antigenic components. Covid-19 vaccine evoked immunity will, therefore, exert a strong immunoselective pressure for major modifications or deletion of the spike protein. With successive additional changes in the few remaining viral components that are normally targeted by cellular immunity, as well as the incorporation of sufficient genetic sequences from cells and other microbes non-immunogenic, pathogenic viruses will then emerge. These viruses will no longer be immunologically restricted to the respiratory mucosa and will become more widespread within the body. The immune evasion/escape mechanism utilized in this manner is termed stealth adaptation. It was initially identified in the cytomegaloviruses of monkeys used to produce polio vaccines. Not only were these viruses probably involved in causing AIDS, but they can account for the rise in many chronic illnesses, such as autism and the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Until proven otherwise, the neuropsychiatric symptoms of the Long Covid syndrome in previously healthy in iduals, are consistent with brain infection with stealth adapted coronaviruses. This illness is, therefore, likely to be infectious, including the possibility of transplacental transmission. Testing for stealth adapted viruses in these patients is best performed using virus cultures followed by genetic sequencing. Even though cellular immunity fails to effectively suppress stealth adapted viruses, these viruses as well as the conventional viruses from which they are derived, are still susceptible to a non-immunological anti-virus defense mechanism mediated by the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. This pathway is reflected in an added kinetic activity of the body’s fluids.The environmental life-force energy for the ACE pathway is called KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction). Water with high levels of KELEA is available for clinical studies.Enhancing the ACE pathway in those who are susceptible to severe Covid-19 illness and in Long Covid syndrome patients is arguably preferable to risking the development of new forms of stealth adapted viruses by using the current Covid-19 vaccines.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CH12211
Abstract: Gellan gums were characterised for the first time using free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) or CE under critical conditions (CE-CC). CE-CC is a fast method that separates the polysaccharide. Gellan gums are shown to be heterogeneous in terms of their electrophoretic mobility at 55°C revealing: oligomer peak(s), broad peaks of polymers with a random coil conformation with different degrees of acylation (composition), aggregates, and polymers with double-helix conformation. CE-CC is complementary with the rheological analysis also performed in this work. Sonication of gellan gums is shown to decrease the viscosity of gellan gum mainly by breaking up aggregates. The effect of sonication is stronger on the high-acyl gellan gum since the latter has a far higher tendency to aggregate.
Publisher: MedCrave Group Kft.
Date: 11-12-2019
DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2019.07.00211
Abstract: Stealth adapted viruses differ from the viruses from which they are derived in not being effectively recognized by the cellular immune system. This is because of the deletion or mutation of the genes coding for the relatively few virus components, which are generally targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Stealth adapted viruses do not, therefore, normally evoke inflammation, the hallmark of most infectious illnesses. A stealth adapted virus was repeatedly cultured from the blood of a patient with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on the culture identified the virus as being derived from an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). The PCR also lified a genetic sequence closely related to a normal cellular gene. Further analysis of the viral DNA indicated that it was fragmented and genetically unstable. Moreover, additional genetic sequences have been incorporated into the replicating virus genome. Several of the additional sequences are originally of cellular origin with subsequent genetic modifications. Other incorporated sequences are of bacteria origin. PCR performed on cultures from some other CFS patients, led only to the lification of modified cellular sequences, including a sequence apparently derived from the rhesus monkey genome. It is proposed that as part of the stealth adaptation process, sequences of the original infecting virus can be largely displaced by cellular and/or bacteria sequences, which have essentially switched their affiliation to that of the stealth adapted virus. For this reason, they are referred to as renegade sequences. The term “renegade viruses.” is also proposed to describe those viruses in which the originating conventional virus sequences have yet to be detected. The findings are relevant to efforts to seek a virus cause of many common illnesses, including CFS, and to the possible misattribution of certain illnesses to bacterial infections.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Abstract: Extensive sequencing of cloned DNA isolated from the culture of an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus-derived stealth virus has identified multiple regions of highly significant homology to various bacterial genes. The apparent acquisition of bacterial sequences extends the potential role of stealth viruses as natural vectors in the transfer of genetic information. The findings highlight the dynamic interface between viral and bacterial genomes and the potential of this interaction in the emergence and spread of novel pathogens. The term viteria is proposed for microorganisms that contain both eukaryotic-viral and prokaryotic-bacterial genetic sequences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Abstract: An infectious illness, attributed to atypically structured cytopathic "stealth" viruses, occurred in 1996 in the Mohave Valley region of the United States. A stealth virus-infected child from this region has developed a severe noninflammatory, vacuolating (spongiform) en cephalopathy. The illness initially presented as a behavioral problem without overt neurological signs. Extensive investigations, including repeated magnetic resonance imaging, two brain biopsies, and stealth virus cultures, have helped define the disease process occurring in this child. Significant clinical benefit with apparent retardation of disease progression occurred during a 6-week course of ganciclovir therapy. The potential contributing role of stealth virus infections in children presenting with behavioral problems needs to be addressed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2013.03.041
Abstract: Carbohydrates partially liberated by acid hydrolysis of plant fiber can be separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), ligand-exchange liquid chromatography or other forms of LC with ion-exchange columns. However, the robust hydrogen-exchange columns show co-elution of galactose, xylose and mannose. Free solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be used without derivatization at pH 12.6 and was found to provide a higher resolution of galactose and xylose than common LC with no s le pre-treatment required, other than dilution, within 26min. CE was able to provide resolution higher than 0.79 for all separated carbohydrates, and the RSDs of determined concentrations lower than 10% for concentrations above 1.3gL(-1). A quantitative comparison between CE and HPLC revealed that up to 22% more carbohydrates are quantified with CE. Direct UV detection in CE of mono- and disaccharides is unexpectedly possible at 270nm. NMR analysis shows that alkaline degradation is too slow to explain this detection. This CE detection sensitivity is increased by the electric field and our CE and NMR analyses are consistent with a photo-oxidation process.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200211115111
Abstract: Many infectious diseases have yet to be conquered by modern medicine. This is generally attributed to both a failure of the immune system and the lack of an effective anti-microbial pharmaceutical. Infections can be regarded as a competitive process between the microbe and the host for cellular energy-generated resources. Cells obtain energy not only from the metabolism of food but also from the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. This pathway utilizes an environmental force termed as KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction), which provides an added kinetic/chemical energy to the body’s fluids. The ACE pathway can be enhanced through the use of KELEA activated water, which is currently available under different names from several sources. Enhancing the body’s ACE pathway, including the use of a wearable waterceutical ™, provides a novel means of potentially increasing the body’s resistance against all infectious diseases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YEXMP.2005.03.002
Abstract: Several observations made during the course of studies on stealth-adapted viruses are explainable by a pervasive, energy-rich, ether environment. Activation of an alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway provides stealth virus damaged cells with a repair mechanism that is independent of the cellular immune response. ACE activation can also assist in the systemic healing of infections caused by conventional viruses such as Herpes simplex virus, Herpes zoster virus and human papillomavirus. ACE pigments convert conventional forms of physical energies into a biological cell healing energy, the nature of which is still uncertain. More recent studies suggest that ACE pigments may also capture etheric energy. In addition to cellular repair, ACE pigment activation can lead to the biogenesis of lipid-like chemical structures. ACE pigment and virus culture healing activities were also seen with several natural products, including a homeopathic formulation. A colloidal silver solution appeared to facilitate the transmission of ACE and to enhance its biosynthetic activity. These results open a window into a greater understanding of a fundamental force of nature of potential therapeutic importance.
Publisher: MedCrave Group, LLC
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.15406/JNSK.2020.10.00406
Abstract: Society is witnessing an increasing incidence of illnesses with neuropsychiatric manifestations. Prominent ex les include autism and learning disorders in children, depression and chronic fatigue syndrome in adults and neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Although clinically erse, all of these illnesses could be contributed to by infectious agents. If so, one might expect to trace the occurrence and progression of various brain damaging illnesses among various family members. An ex le of this occurring in three generations of a family was unsuccessfully submitted for publication in another journal 2015 in part because of its Public Health implications. It is submitted to this journal because of definitive evidence for the transmission to humans of infectious cellular sequences incorporated into monkey-derived stealth adapted viruses.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1988
DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/158.6.1185
Abstract: Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA can be facilitated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an in vitro gene lification technique. Twenty-eight CMV tissue culture isolates were examined by lification of two separate CMV genes. All were found to contain CMV, although two of the isolates were positive for only one of the two genes. No detectable lification occurred with human genomic or other viral DNA controls. The lification products from as few as one CMV plaque-forming unit could be detected after the PCR. CMV DNA was detected in the blood of 14 of 27 patients with AIDS and one of six patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus but who did not have AIDS. Normal CMV-seropositive or -seronegative in iduals did not have CMV DNA detected in their blood. The CMV PCR was more sensitive than the standard culture assay, can be completed in one to two days, uses only 20 microL of blood, and may be useful for rapidly detecting CMV in clinical specimens.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 30-09-2010
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 14-07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0014-4800(03)00037-6
Abstract: The cytopathic effect (CPE) induced in human MRC-5 fibroblasts by blood mononuclear cells of patients infected with stealth-adapted viruses is characterized by the formation of clusters of foamy vacuolated cells that commonly become heavily pigmented. The pigmented material coalesces into discrete structures of varying shapes and sizes, including solid particles, flat ribbons, and long, thin threads. Pigmented material can also be observed in long-term culture supernatants, sometimes accompanied by solid and needle-shaped lipid-like crystals. Accumulation of the pigmented material correlates with lessening of the CPE and outgrowth of normal appearing cells from cell clusters. The CPE can be rapidly reactivated by replacing the culture supernatant with fresh culture medium. Conversely, reactivation can be partially prevented by the addition of particulate pigmented material to fresh culture medium. The pigmented material displays striking luminescence and autofluorescence. Occasional particles are ferromagnetic. Varying percentages of different minerals are identifiable in the particles using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Metabolic studies indicate the particles can have reducing (electron donating) capacity and can liberate gas. These findings, along with the extended survival of viable cells in unfed virus-infected cultures, suggest that the pigments are a potential source of cellular energy. The presence of light and magnetic-sensitive alternative cellular energy (ACE) pigments has opened new approaches for the potential therapy of stealth virus-infected patients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0014-4800(03)00038-8
Abstract: Unusual pigmented intracellular inclusions are commonly seen in cultures obtained from patients infected with stealth viruses. Some of these structures may potentially provide a source of chemical energy for the infected cells to help compensate for the apparent damage to the cells' mitochondria. They have accordingly been termed alternative cellular energy pigments (ACE pigments). In keeping with this suggestion, the present paper illustrates the ersity of extraneous materials present in vacuolated, mitochondria-damaged cells seen in the brain biopsy of a child with a stealth-virus-associated encephalopathy. Many of the intracellular inclusions show highly ordered structuring, while others have a more amorphous appearance. These structures may provide a target for energy-based therapeutic intervention in stealth-virus-infected patients.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1981
DOI: 10.1007/BF01561696
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.11.511846
Abstract: There are major differences between viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells in the structuring of their genomes, modes of replication, and capacity to horizontally transfer genetic sequences. DNA sequencing of a cloned African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV) indicate the inclusion of certain bacterial and cellular genetic sequences. The virus was cultured from a chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patient. It is stealth adapted with the loss or mutation of the genes coding for the relatively few viral components normally targeted by the cellular immune system. This article identifies the likely origins of many of the bacterial-derived genetic sequences present in this virus. There are multiple clones with close but non-identical sequence alignments with different genomic regions of the Ochrobactrum quorumnocens A44 species of bacteria. Another set of clones matched most closely to erse genomic regions of Mycoplasma fermentans bacteria. The sequences of several other clones could only be approximately aligned to those of different types of bacteria. The sequence of clone 3B513 is consistent with genetic contributions from the genomes of several types of bacteria. The term viteria refers to viruses with bacteria-derived genetic sequences. Stealth adapted viruses are the likely primary cause of CFS and autism, and possibly act as cofactors in many illnesses including AIDS. The additional incorporation of bacterial sequences into these viruses can potentially lead to the mistaken diagnoses of a bacterial chronic illness rather than a viral infection. Stealth adapted virus testing should be performed in illnesses attributed to Mycoplasma, Borrelia , and Streptococcal infections.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2014.10.105
Abstract: Block copolymers enable combining properties of different polymers double hydrophilic block copolymers are innovative ex les. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) has a quasi-monopoly in separation-based characterization methods for polymers, including block copolymers. However, in terms of purity determination (unintended homopolymers present in the copolymers), SEC resolution proves insufficient except for the extreme compositions for which the second block is much larger than the first one. The free solution capillary electrophoresis (capillary zone electrophoresis) technique does not separate charged homopolymers by their molar mass and we thus named the corresponding method capillary electrophoresis in the critical condition (CE-CC). CE-CC provides a means to assess the purity of poly(acrylic acid-b-acrylamide) - P(AA-b-AM) - copolymers, as well as of the more challenging cationic poly(acrylamido-N-propyltrimethylammonium chloride-b-N-isopropylacrylamide)-P(APTAC-b-NIPAM). In addition it can identify that a block copolymer has been produced. It is to be noted that P(APTAC-b-NIPAM) block copolymers cannot be eluted in SEC due to their exceptional ability to adsorb onto surfaces, while some information is obtained from CE-CC. Both possible parent homopolymers can be detected and their quantity estimated in a single injection by CE-CC. In both cases, one of the parent homopolymers is neutral and comes with the electro-osmotic flow. If the electro-osmotic flow is weak (conditions used for the cationic copolymer) then pressure assisted CE-CC is used to detect this homopolymer.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-1983
Publisher: MedCrave Group Kft.
Date: 10-08-2020
DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2020.08.00224
Abstract: The production of human virus vaccines in virus-contaminated cultured animal cells provides the opportunity for genetic alterations in the respective vaccine and culture-contaminating viruses. Poliovirus vaccines were previously produced in kidney cell cultures from cytomegalovirus infected rhesus and African green monkeys. Viruses can undergo an immune evasion process termed stealth adaptation. It involves the deletion or mutation of the genes coding for the relatively few virus components that are normally targeted by the cellular immune system. As earlier reported, additional genetic sequences of cellular and bacterial origin can be incorporated into replicating stealth adapted viruses. This article confirms the incorporation of rhesus monkey genome-derived genetic sequences in certain stealth adapted viruses cultured from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The virus-incorporated cellular-derived sequences differ slightly from the originating cellular sequences reflecting mutational changes and genetic instability. Ongoing mutations are also apparent in the minor differences in the genetic sequences seen in similar PCR products generated from the cultures of the two different CFS patients. Mutated human cellular genome-derived genetic sequences were also detected in the culture from one of the CFS patients. This is consistent with homologous recombination between human sequences and the virus-incorporated monkey cellular sequences. The transmission of genetically unstable, replicating monkey genomic sequences to humans and the potential of further transmission of mutated human genetic sequences between humans, warrants the attention of Public Health officials. The findings also question the continuing use of cultured animal cells to generate virus vaccines for human use.
Publisher: MedCrave Group Kft.
Date: 24-06-2022
DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2022.09.00242
Abstract: DNA sequence data have previously been obtained on an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV)-derived stealth adapted virus. The virus was repeatedly cultured from a patient with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The data reveal not only genetic sequences that are derived from regions of the SCMV genome, but also the unexpected presence of genetic sequences that have originated from portions of the human cellular genome. The SCMV-derived stealth adapted virus has also acquired foreign genetic sequences of bacterial origin. The focus of this article is on the potential mechanism as well as the major biological and clinical ramifications of the primate to human and subsequent human to human viral transmission of genetically unstable renegade cellular genetic sequences. Insight into this topic has come from further analysis of rhesus monkey-derived cellular sequences in the stealth adapted viruses cultured from two other CFS patients and a mixture of both rhesus and human genome-derived cellular sequences in the virus cultured from another CFS patient. The virus acquired monkey cellular sequences are subject to ongoing mutations and can be replaced by human cellular sequences, probably by homologous recombination. There is a genetic basis for many human diseases, including cancers. The potential acquisition of pathogenic cellular sequences by stealth adapted viruses may, therefore, result in some of these genetic diseases becoming infectious. Stealth adapted viruses have been cultured from patients with a range of neurological and psychiatric illnesses, yet their existence is still not officially acknowledged by Public Health officials. The political reluctance to do so stems in part from the clearly implied origins of some stealth adapted viruses from the use of kidney cells from cytomegalovirus contaminated monkeys to produce live polio virus vaccines. It is imperative that the culturing and genetic analyses of stealth adapted viruses be pursued.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/CH10088
Abstract: Oligo(acrylic acid) efficiently stabilizes polymeric particles, especially particles produced by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (as hydrophilic block of an hiphilic copolymer). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has a far higher resolution power to separate these oligomers than the commonly used size exclusion chromatography. Coupling CE to electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection unravels the separation mechanism. CE separates these oligomers, not only according to their degree of polymerization, but also according to their tacticity, in agreement with NMR analysis. Such analysis will provide insight into the role of these oligomers as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization, and into the mechanism of the RAFT polymerization with respect to degree of polymerization and tacticity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YEXMP.2005.02.001
Abstract: The term Progressive Medicine combines the evidence-based foundation of orthodox medicine with the growing understanding that life comprises much more than a series of biochemical reactions. Recent studies have identified an alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway as an auxiliary defense mechanism against various diseases, including both conventional and stealth-adapted virus infections. This pathway can be activated through non-pharmaceutical methods that work through biophysical rather than biochemical reactions. Validation of these methods requires well-documented and successful clinical outcome studies. The methods also need to be fully disclosed to regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These requirements have been largely ignored by many practitioners of complimentary and alternative medicine. They are essential elements of Progressive Medicine.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1159/000027996
Abstract: Cloned DNA obtained from the culture of an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus-derived stealth virus contains multiple discrete regions of significant sequence homology (p values ranging from 4 × 10 sup –3 /sup to 1 × 10 sup –20 /sup ) to portions of known human cellular genes. The stealth virus was cultured from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Earlier studies had revealed considerable sequence heterogeneity within DNA fragments isolated from virus-infected cells. A set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers generated different PCR products when tested on stealth virus cultures from 4 patients with CFS. Several of the PCR products also contain regions of significant partial homology to distinct cellular sequences, including sequences repetitively expressed throughout the cellular genome. Stealth viruses may play an important role in the origins and in the genetic ersity of both viral and cellular sequences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Abstract: DNA extracted from cultures of a cytopathic virus isolated from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome was cloned into pBluescript plasmid. The nucleotide sequences of the plasmid inserts were analyzed using the BlastN and BlastX programs of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. In confirmation of earlier studies, many of the sequences show partial homology to various regions within the genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The matching regions were unevenly distributed throughout the HCMV genome. No matches were seen with either the UL55 or the UL83 genes, which provide the major antigenic targets for anti-HCMV cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immunity. This finding is consistent with the notion that certain viruses can avoid immune elimination by deleting genes required for effective antigenic recognition by the cellular immune system. The term "stealth" has been applied to such viruses. Comparisons were also made between the sequences of the stealth virus and the limited sequence data available on cytomegaloviruses from rhesus monkeys and from African green monkeys. These comparisons unequivocally establish that the virus was derived from an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus.
Publisher: MedCrave Group Kft.
Date: 24-01-2023
DOI: 10.15406/JHVRV.2023.10.00255
Abstract: The cellular immune system normally responds to relatively few of the different structural components that comprise the complete virus. Mutation or deletion of the genes coding for these few antigenic components is an immune evasion mechanism termed “stealth adaptation.” I initially used this term to describe a virus derived from an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). This article provides an extended discussion of the Public Health relevance of previously reported findings relating to this virus. Of particular significance, the virus did not evoke inflammation in the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patient from whom the virus was repeatedly cultured, nor in virus inoculated animals. The viral genome consists of multiple fragments of double stranded DNA with lengths of approximately twenty thousand nucleotides (20 kb). This is in marked contrast to the kb size of the normal SCMV genome. Purified virus DNA was cloned, and sequence data were subsequently obtained. Most of the cloned sequences match to regions corresponding in their entirety to only approximately half of the originating SCMV genome. These matching sequences are very unevenly distributed along the SCMV genome. Moreover, there are significant genetic sequence differences between clones matching to identical regions of the SCMV genome. In addition to the SCMV matching sequences, there are sequences that match to regions of the human genome. There are also sequences that match closely to genes of bacterial origin. The major sources of the bacterial sequences in the initially cultured stealth adapted virus are from Mycoplasma fermentans and Ochrobactrum quorumnocens bacteria. These findings have extended the generic concept of stealth adaptation to include not only the loss or mutation of portions of the originating virus genome, which would have otherwise resulted in cellular immune recognition, but also the potential incorporation/acquisition of additional “renegade” genetic sequences from cellular genes and from other microbial genomes. The apparent acquisition of cellular genetic sequences by stealth adapted viruses may potentially lead to the infectious transmission of genetically determined illnesses. The inclusion of bacterial sequences is also concerning since it indicates possible bacteria mediated transmission of infectious stealth adapted viruses. Furthermore, the transmissible bacterial sequences can potentially result in the mistaken diagnosis of a stealth adapted virus infection for a bacterial disease. Ex les are likely to include chronic Lyme disease and PANDAS, a severe childhood psychiatric illness. Public Health officials should respond urgently to the existence of stealth adapted viruses.
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 11-01-2023
DOI: 10.22541/AU.167347090.01229209/V1
Abstract: The cellular immune system normally responds to relatively few of the different structural components that comprise the complete virus. Mutation or deletion of the genes coding for these few antigenic components is an immune evasion mechanism termed “stealth adaptation.” I initially used this term to describe a virus derived from an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). This article provides an extended discussion of the Public Health relevance of previously reported findings relating to this virus. Of particular significance, the virus did not evoke inflammation in the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patient from whom the virus was repeatedly cultured, nor in virus inoculated animals. The viral genome consists of multiple fragments of double stranded DNA with lengths of approximately twenty thousand nucleotides (20 kb). This is in marked contrast to the 225 kb size of the normal SCMV genome. Purified virus DNA was cloned, and sequence data were subsequently obtained. Most of the cloned sequences match to regions corresponding in their entirety to only approximately half of the originating SCMV genome. These matching sequences are very unevenly distributed along the SCMV genome. Moreover, there are significant genetic sequence differences between clones matching to identical regions of the SCMV genome. In addition to the SCMV matching sequences, there are sequences that match to regions of the human genome. There are also sequences that match closely to genes of bacterial origin. The major sources of the bacterial sequences in the initially cultured stealth adapted virus are from Mycoplasma fermentans and Ochrobactrum quorumnocens bacteria. These findings have extended the generic concept of stealth adaptation to include not only the loss or mutation of portions of the originating virus genome, which would have otherwise resulted in cellular immune recognition, but also the potential incorporation/acquisition of additional “renegade” genetic sequences from cellular genes and from other microbial genomes. The apparent acquisition of cellular genetic sequences by stealth adapted viruses may potentially lead to the infectious transmission of genetically determined illnesses. The inclusion of bacterial sequences is also concerning since it indicates possible bacteria mediated transmission of infectious stealth adapted viruses. Furthermore, the transmissible bacterial sequences can potentially result in the mistaken diagnosis of a stealth adapted virus infection for a bacterial disease. Ex les are likely to include chronic Lyme disease and PANDAS, a severe childhood psychiatric illness. Public Health officials should respond urgently to the existence of stealth adapted viruses.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-016-0164-Y
Abstract: Non-specific protein adsorption on hydrophobic solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbents can reduce the efficacy of purification. To improve s le clean-up, poly( inyl benzene) (PDVB) monoliths grafted with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) were developed. Residual vinyl groups (RVGs) of the PDVB were employed as anchor points for PEGMA grafting. Two PEGMA monomers, M
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YEXMP.2005.01.008
Abstract: Bacteria isolated from patients infected with stealth-adapted viruses can produce complex solid and thread-like structures similar to the alternative cellular energy pigments (ACE pigments) seen in cultures of stealth-adapted virus infected patients. Bacteria replication of stealth-adapted viruses can explain why certain patients diagnosed as having delusional parasitosis insist that the particles that they believe are parasitic, increase in number even when outside of the body. Bacterial production of ACE pigments may also be contributing to the ACE pigments that can be isolated from the hair, sweat, and urine of such patients. The term viteria has been applied to stealth-adapted viruses that have acquired bacterial sequences. Viteria infected bacteria clearly pose an important public health problem and may lead to a wider dissemination of stealth-adapted viruses.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YEXMP.2005.01.007
Abstract: Dermatologists and psychiatrists occasionally encounter patients who believe they are infested with skin parasites. They may report seeing threads, fibers and more solid appearing particles attached to their skin and hair, or appearing on clean bed sheets after sleeping. Some of the particles move spontaneously suggesting a life form. Similar structures develop in long-term cultures of stealth-adapted viruses. They are termed alternative cellular energy pigments (ACE pigments) since they appear to provide a non-mitochondria source of cellular energy that can assist in cellular repair from the virus cytopathic effect (CPE). Particles obtained from the skin of stealth virus culture-positive patients can also display auto-fluorescence and electrostatic properties. Some of the particles are magnetic and can generate gas in an aqueous solution. They also lead to the production of lipid-like crystals similar to those produced in long-term cultures of stealth-adapted viruses. It is proposed that skin-derived particles that form in some of the patients assumed to be experiencing a delusional parasitosis are, in reality, a reflection of the body's production of ACE pigments.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-11-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1971
DOI: 10.1038/234146A0
Abstract: The RNA exosome complex associates with nuclear and cytoplasmic cofactors to mediate the decay, surveillance, or processing of a wide variety of transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the conserved core of the exosome (Exo10) functions together with the conserved Ski complex. The interaction of S. cerevisiae Exo10 and Ski is not direct but requires a bridging cofactor, Ski7. Here, we report the 2.65 Å resolution structure of S. cerevisiae Exo10 bound to the interacting domain of Ski7. Extensive hydrophobic interactions rationalize the high affinity and stability of this complex, pointing to Ski7 as a constitutive component of the cytosolic exosome. Despite the absence of sequence homology, cytoplasmic Ski7 and nuclear Rrp6 bind Exo10 using similar surfaces and recognition motifs. Knowledge of the interacting residues in the yeast complexes allowed us to identify a splice variant of human HBS1-Like as a Ski7-like exosome-binding protein, revealing the evolutionary conservation of this cytoplasmic cofactor.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF02178507
Abstract: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express Toll like receptors (TLRs) that modulate the immune response by production of type I interferons. Here, we report that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) which produces the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), plays a critical role in the pDC functions and interferon production. Although dispensable for the pDC development, SphK1 is essential for the pDC activation and production of type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by TLR7/9 ligands. SphK1 interacts with TLRs and specific inhibition or deletion of SphK1 in pDCs mitigates uptake of CpG oligonucleotide ligands by TLR9 ligand. In the pristane-induced murine lupus model, pharmacological inhibition of SphK1 or its genetic deletion markedly decreased the IFN signature, pDC activation, and glomerulonephritis. Moreover, increases in the SphK1 expression and S1P levels were observed in human lupus patients. Taken together, our results indicate a pivotal regulatory role for the SphK1/S1P axis in maintaining the balance between immunosurveillance and immunopathology and suggest that specific SphK1 inhibitors might be a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of type I IFN-linked autoimmune disorders.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2018.05.030
Abstract: Oligo(acrylic acid), oligoAA are important species currently used industrially in the stabilization of paints and also for the production of self-assembled polymer structures which have been shown to have useful applications in analytical separation methods and potentially in drug delivery systems. To properly tailor the synthesis of oligoAA, and its block co-oligomers synthesized by Reversible-Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization to applications, detailed knowledge about the chemical structure is needed. Commonly used techniques such as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) suffer from poor resolution and non-quantitative distributions, respectively. In this work free solution Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) has been thoroughly investigated as an alternative, allowing for the separation of oligoAA by molar mass and the RAFT agent end group. The method was then extended to block co-oligomers of acrylic acid and styrene. Peak capacities up to 426 were observed for these 1D CE separations, 10 times greater than what has been achieved for Liquid Chromatography (LC) of oligostyrenes. To provide a comprehensive insight into the chemical structure of these materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1999
Abstract: Distinction between benign reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cells in effusions from patients with a known prior history of breast cancer is not the easiest task in diagnostic pathology. Here, we report the usefulness of testing the expression of class I HLA antigens (HLA A, B, C) in this respect. Cytospins were prepared from effusions of patients without the history of breast cancer (5 cases) and from effusions of patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (11 cases). Three effusions from cancerous patients were not malignant cytologically. The expression of HLA-A, B, C, HLA-DR and beta2-microglobulin as well as the macrophage antigen, CD14, was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. In 10 of 11 effusions the cytologically malignant cells expressed very weak or undetectable HLA-A,B,C as compared to the mesothelial cells and macrophages. The paucity of expression of HLA-A, B, C was detectable in those 3 cases where a definitive cytological diagnosis of malignancy could not be established. In contrast, mesothelial cells and macrophages from all s les were uniformly and strongly positive for both HLA-A, B, C and beta2-microglobulin. We conclude that the paucity of HLA-I antigens provides a marker helpful in distinguishing metastatic breast carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in effusions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YEXMP.2004.10.007
Abstract: Herpes simplex virus induced oral and genital ulcerating lesions will fluoresce brightly yellow and yellow-orange, respectively, if treated with a chlorinated solution of neutral red and exposed to ultraviolet-A light. An orange to red fluorescence is seen with similarly treated and illuminated Herpes zoster virus induced shingles while treated human papillomavirus induced genital warts display more of a purplish fluorescence. Pain and discomfort commonly disappear soon after the treatment and all lesions undergo expedited healing that is readily observable within 24 h. The mechanism of healing is thought to involve an interaction between neutral red and alternative cellular energy pigments (ACE pigments) present within the viral lesions that enhances responsiveness to ultraviolet light energy. The healing effects are not restricted to the treated lesions and may involve transmission of a biological energy throughout the body. Beyond its obvious clinical and diagnostic utility, this model system may help usher in a new era of energy-based medicine.
No related grants have been discovered for W John Martin.