ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7760-0029
Current Organisations
Newcastle University
,
Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
,
京都大学 / Kyoto University
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Publications
Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
THE INFLUENCE OF HLA GENOTYPE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, AND SEVERITY OF, COVID-19 INFECTION
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 04-01-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.31.20249081
Abstract: The impact of COVID-19 varies markedly, not only between in idual patients but also between different populations. We hypothesised that differences in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes might influence this variation. Using next generation sequencing, we analysed the class I and class II classical HLA genes of 147 white British patients with variable clinical outcomes. 49 of these patients were admitted to hospital with severe COVID infection. They had no significant pre-existing comorbidities. We compared the results to those obtained from a group of 69 asymptomatic hospital workers who evidence of COVID exposure based on blood antibody testing. Allelic frequencies in both the severe and asymptomatic groups were compared to local and national healthy controls with adjustments made for age and sex. With the inclusion of hospital staff who had reported localised symptoms only (limited to loss of smell/taste, n=13) or systemic symptoms not requiring hospital treatment (n=16), we carried out ordinal logistic regression modelling to determine the relative influence of age, BMI, sex and the presence of specific HLA genes on symptomatology. We found a significant difference in the allelic frequency of HLA-DRB1*04:01 in the severe patient compared to the asymptomatic staff group (5.1% versus 16.7%, p=0.003 after adjustment for age and sex). There was a significantly lower frequency of the haplotype DQA1*01:01/DQB1*05:01/DRB1*01:01 in the asymptomatic group compared to the background population (p=0.007). Ordinal logistic regression modelling confirmed the significant influence of DRB1*04:01 on the clinical severity of COVID-19 observed in the cohorts. This study provides evidence that patient age, sex, BMI and HLA genotype interact to determine the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection. HLA genes are implicated in host resistance or susceptibility to a range of pathogens. No studies thus far have compared HLA allele frequencies in patients requiring hospital admission following COVID-19 exposure to a group of asymptomatic in iduals. The results indicate that the presence of HLA-DRB1*04:01 might confer protection from the development of respiratory failure following exposure to COVID. In iduals remaining asymptomatic following exposure to COVID are less likely to carry the haplotype DQA1*01:01/DQB1*05:01/DRB1*01:01 compared to the background population. This may indicate a host defence pathway not primarily dependent on an IgG response for clearance of infection. These findings conflict with larger genome wide association studies which compared HLA allelic frequencies of severely unwell patients with the background population. The findings could have implications for targeted vaccination regimes as well as helping assess the impact of social restrictions on mortality rates in different populations.
Unraveling the stagnation of employee pay in Japanese firms: the impact of profit creation, employee productivity, and employee share
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2023
REGIONS AND INNOVATION: A NEW TALE OF THREE ECONOMIC REGIONS IN CHINA
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 05-02-2021
DOI: 10.1142/S1363919621500596
Abstract: Learning is a key component of firm upgrading in emerging economies, and China is no exception to this. Studies have identified, among others, two critical mechanisms that facilitate learning: (1) connections with supportive local governments that enhance access to resources or publicly funded knowledge and (2) connections to co-located foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) that enhance access to advanced knowledge and capabilities. However, previous studies on the effects of these connections on learning and innovation have had contradictory results. In this study, we develop a model of firm innovation capabilities based on regional differences in firms’ dependence on government and MNEs. Using a s le of 715 indigenous firms from the three historically dominant economic regions in China, we find that the effects of government and MNE ties on local firms’ learning and innovation performance vary depending on the historically dominant dependency patterns in the region.
Related Organisations
Newcastle University
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Shige Makino.