ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1409-105X
Current Organisation
University of York
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Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.825511
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-05-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.2C00279
Abstract: A mechanistic study is reported for the reactions of singlet oxygen (
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-2005
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 1981
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-03-1978
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-05-1981
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.826283
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2195225
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.733893
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: American Vacuum Society
Date: 11-03-2022
DOI: 10.1116/6.0001807
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-05-1992
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-1994
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1007/BF03166423
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 19-06-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034609000500
Abstract: The minimum irradiance needed to overcome lified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a seed beam injected into a laser lifier is evaluated. The treatment is particularly applicable to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray laser schemes to inject laser harmonic radiation as a seed into (1) plasma laser lifiers and (2) free-electron lasers. Simple expressions and calculations are given for the minimum injected irradiance required for lification of the injected seed beam to exceed ASE from the lifier, including the effects of gain saturation, assuming one dimensional radiative transfer.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 24-04-2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2523137
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1981
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-08-2020
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-07-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4953669
Abstract: The interaction of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) laser beam with a parylene foil was studied by experiments and simulation. A single EUV laser pulse of nanosecond duration focused to an intensity of 3 × 1010 W cm−2 perforated micrometer thick targets. The same laser pulse was simultaneously used to diagnose the interaction by a transmission measurement. A combination of 2-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic and diffraction calculations was used to model the ablation, leading to good agreement with experiment. This theoretical approach allows predictive modelling of the interaction with matter of intense EUV beams over a broad range of parameters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1992
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-11-1995
DOI: 10.1364/OL.20.002333
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-07-2010
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 30-01-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-02-1995
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-08-1985
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-06-2015
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 1988
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 20-09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-10-1997
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-02-1998
DOI: 10.1063/1.366910
Abstract: Pumping of the Ne-like Ge x-ray laser with two 100 ps duration pulses (a prepulse and main pulse) is investigated using a fluid and atomic physics code coupled to a 3D ray tracing postprocessor code. The modeling predicts the optimum ratio of the irradiance of the two pulses for the maximum x-ray laser output resulting from the balance between the relative lower electron density gradients and wider gain region which is produced with a larger prepulse and the higher peak gain coefficients produced with a small prepulse. With a longer pulse interval between prepulse and main pulse, a relatively lower optimum pulse ratio is found. The threshold irradiance of the main driving pulse with a prepulse required to make an order of magnitude enhancement of laser output compared to irradiation without a prepulse is also found at 3–4×1013 W/cm2 for Ne-like Ge.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF00325056
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2971971
Abstract: A new infrared Thomson scattering system has been designed for the MAST tokamak. The system will measure at 120 spatial points with ≈10 mm resolution across the plasma. Eight 30 Hz 1.6 J Nd:YAG lasers will be combined to produce a s ling rate of 240 Hz. The lasers will follow separate parallel beam paths to the MAST vessel. Scattered light will be collected at approximately f/6 over scattering angles ranging from 80° to 120°. The laser energy and lens size, relative to an existing 1.2 J f/12 system, greatly increases the number of scattered photons collected per unit length of laser beam. This is the third generation of this polychromator to be built and a number of modifications have been made to facilitate mass production and to improve performance. Detected scattered signals will be digitized at a rate of 1 GS/s by 8 bit analog to digital converters (ADCs.) Data may be read out from the ADCs between laser pulses to allow for real-time analysis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2005.07.002
Abstract: To further reduce injuries in the workplace, companies have begun focusing on organizational factors which may contribute to workplace safety. Safety climate is an organizational factor commonly cited as a predictor of injury occurrence. Characterized by the shared perceptions of employees, safety climate can be viewed as a snapshot of the prevailing state of safety in the organization at a discrete point in time. However, few studies have elaborated plausible mechanisms through which safety climate likely influences injury occurrence. A mediating model is proposed to link safety climate (i.e., management commitment to safety, return-to-work policies, post-injury administration, and safety training) with self-reported injury through employees' perceived control on safety. Factorial evidence substantiated that management commitment to safety, return-to-work policies, post-injury administration, and safety training are important dimensions of safety climate. In addition, the data support that safety climate is a critical factor predicting the history of a self-reported occupational injury, and that employee safety control mediates the relationship between safety climate and occupational injury. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating organizational factors and workers' characteristics in efforts to improve organizational safety performance.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 20-09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 08-07-2021
DOI: 10.1117/12.2593349
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-09-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2023232
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 29-11-1993
DOI: 10.1063/1.110253
Abstract: A high x-ray conversion efficiency is observed from plasmas produced with 4 ps pulses at 249 nm using commercial KrF lasers. Copper plasmas convert 11% of laser energy into hν∼1.2 keV photons, carbon plasmas 6.8% into ‘‘water window’’ photons (0.28 keV& hν& .53 keV) and aluminum plasmas 0.4% into hν∼1.6 keV photons.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-10-2003
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-09-2013
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2009
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.825057
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-08-1980
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1990
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 23-08-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5111720
Abstract: The escape of spectral line radiation from laser-produced plasma radiation sources with moderate opacity is examined using a simple model of emission with a planar geometry, constant source function, and an empirically determined optical depth. The model is applied to determine the radiation produced by laser irradiation of tin targets used as the source of radiation in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Variations in emission relative to optically thin plasmas in agreement with previous experimental measurements of both the angular variation of the emission of EUV light at 13.5 nm and the effect of plasma opacity in reducing EUV emission at laser intensities above 1011 W cm−2 are found. The model is extended to predict optimum conditions for future lithography radiation sources at ≈6.7 nm.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 08-07-2021
DOI: 10.1117/12.2592289
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-01-1999
DOI: 10.1063/1.369201
Abstract: We report a systematic study of double pulse pumping of the Ni-like Sm x-ray laser at 73 Å, currently the shortest wavelength saturated x-ray laser. It is found that the Sm x-ray laser output can change by orders of magnitude when the intensity ratio of the pumping pulses and their relative delay are varied. Optimum pumping conditions are found and interpreted in terms of a simple model.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2004
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 22-03-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034611000164
Abstract: Enhancement of the line X-ray emission from iron plasma is investigated by simulating laser irradiation of both porous and solid targets. Spectral line intensities are calculated for selected lines of the iron plasma within the extreme ultra-violet lithography wavelength range 13.3–13.7 nm. The calculations show that X-ray yield in porous targets can be enhanced significantly in comparison with solid density targets. The results also show that for specified conditions of the driving laser, there are optimums conditions of the porous target in which maximum yield can be obtained.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-02-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4865227
Abstract: X-ray emission from hollow ions offers new diagnostic opportunities for dense, strongly coupled plasma. We present extended modeling of the x-ray emission spectrum reported by Colgan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 125001 (2013)] based on two collisional-radiative codes: the hybrid-structure Spectroscopic Collisional-Radiative Atomic Model (SCRAM) and the mixed-unresolved transition arrays (MUTA) ATOMIC model. We show that both accuracy and completeness in the modeled energy level structure are critical for reliable diagnostics, investigate how emission changes with different treatments of ionization potential depression, and discuss two approaches to handling the extensive structure required for hollow-ion models with many multiply excited configurations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-1992
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034600004195
Abstract: Improved measurements of ion-correlation effects in a dense shock-compressed plasma are presented. The extended X-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) technique on the aluminum K edge is used to observe the short-range order within a dense plasma. Densities of about three times solid density were measured with good accuracy. The experimental measurements of density give results that are in good agreement with the MEDUSA onedimensional fluid code predictions. The improved quality of the data enabled us to calculate the ion coupling parameter during the compression and the subsequent heating of the plasma. An estimation of the temperature is given on the basis of published models, and an approximate agreement is obtained with the MEDUSA code predictions.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-06-1977
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-11-2010
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-08-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.618349
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-1980
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2702.2008.02452.X
Abstract: This paper reports a project investigating the potential role of the nurse practitioner in aged care across residential, community and acute care venues in the Australian Capital Territory. Australia, like many other countries, faces unprecedented challenges in the provision of health care. Escalating health care costs, an ageing population, increasing prevalence of comorbidities and chronic illnesses, inefficient health care delivery, changing models of health care and shifting professional role boundaries are factors that have contributed to the development of advanced practice roles for nursing. This was a mixed methods study using multiple data sources. Student aged care nurse practitioners were examined across the continuum of care in the acute, community and residential aged care settings. The potential role of the nurse practitioner in these areas was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively to identify a model of care to enhance the delivery of efficient and effective health care. The project findings have demonstrated that there is potential for significant improvement in client outcomes arising from a transboundary aged care nurse practitioner model. The improved outcomes are associated with a decrease in acute hospital admissions for residential care clients, timely intervention for a range of common conditions and strengthened multidisciplinary approaches to care provision for older people. Overall the project findings strongly support the potential of a transboundary aged care nurse practitioner role. This role would focus on skilled assessment, timely assessment and intervention, brokering around access to care and clinical leadership and education for nurses. This paper offers further evidence of support for the role of nurse practitioners in complementing existing health services and improving delivery of care.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3577571
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8NR10549A
Abstract: Continuum elasticity model reproduces the equilibrium shape of Cu nanocrystals squeezed between graphene layers and predicts universal shape.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-10-1982
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.IDH.2019.02.002
Abstract: Nurses should be conscious of healthcare associated infections, and the standard precautions required to reduce the risk of patients becoming infected. Patients with atopic dermatitis are often predisposed to a higher incidence of bacterial and viral infections. This study aims to explore and describe nurses' understanding and knowledge of their role in infection control and prevention precautions when caring for children with atopic dermatitis. Sixteen nurses were recruited from the dermatology clinic, medical wards and emergency department of a metropolitan tertiary referral children hospital for a qualitative exploratory descriptive study. Thematic and content analysis derived three themes from the data: "the importance of infection prevention and control when managing children with atopic dermatitis", "nurses focus on self-protection", and "educating families on infection prevention and control". Nurses' perceptions of their role emphasised the need to limit cross-infection between patients when children were admitted with exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. Participants articulated that in their own practice personal protective equipment (PPE) was often used for self-protection and to protect their uniform rather than to protect the child from cross-infection. The importance of providing family members with sufficient education to assist them in managing the child at home was also particularly salient. The importance nurses placed on educating patients and family members about home-management, preventing cross-infection and minimising the occurrence of future exacerbations of atopic dermatitis, highlights the potential to develop interventions to support greater consumer participation in infection prevention for children with chronic relapsing conditions such as atopic dermatitis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-05-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-10-2001
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0NR07024F
Abstract: Metal nanoclusters encapsulated beneath the graphite surface present novel surface nanostructures and open opportunities to investigate and control interfacial properties.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 04-2002
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034602202074
Abstract: Recent experiments undertaken at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory to produce X-ray lasing over the 5–30 nm wavelength range are reviewed. The efficiency of lasing is optimized when the main pumping pulse interacts with a preformed plasma. Experiments using double 75-ps pulses and picosecond pulses superimposed on 300-ps background pulses are described. The use of travelling wave pumping with the approximately picosecond pulse experiments is necessary as the gain duration becomes comparable to the time for the X-ray laser pulse to propagate along the target length. Results from a model taking account of laser saturation and deviations from the speed of light c of the travelling wave and X-ray laser group velocity are presented. We show that X-ray laser pulses as short as 2–3 ps can be produced with optical pumping pulses of ≈1-ps.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 16-05-1997
DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.276.5315.1097
Abstract: A saturated nickel-like samarium x-ray laser beam at 7 nanometers has been demonstrated with an output energy of 0.3 millijoule in 50-picosecond pulses, demonstrating that saturated operation of a laser at wavelengths shorter than 10 nanometers can be achieved. The narrow ergence, short wavelength, short pulse duration, high efficiency, and high brightness of this samarium laser make it an ideal candidate for many x-ray laser applications.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/APP13095225
Abstract: The momentum of light in a plasma and the momentum transfer from light to plasma is calculated for a uniform plane of light incident into a uniform plasma. At low irradiance, the Minkowski and Abraham expressions for photon momentum are shown to be equivalent. We evaluate relativistic electron motion at a high irradiance for a plasma and show that most light momentum is transferred to the electrons associated with motion parallel to the light propagation at an irradiance corresponding to the reduced vector potential ao≈3.7 (reduced irradiance Iλ2≈2×1019 W cm−2 μm2). Our results show that to ensure the maximum momentum transfer from photons to electrons in motion parallel to the k-direction for fixed laser pulse energy, the laser focusing should be adjusted to achieve ao≈3.7, even if tighter focusing, and thus higher ao values, are possible.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-09-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2188009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4882235
Abstract: Emission spectra and the dynamics of high energy density plasmas created by optical and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) depend on the populations of atomic levels. Calculations of plasma emission and ionization may be simplified by assuming Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), where populations are given by the Saha-Boltzmann equation. LTE can be achieved at high densities when collisional processes are much more significant than radiative processes, but may not be valid if plasma conditions change rapidly. A collisional-radiative model has been used to calculate the times taken by carbon and iron plasmas to reach LTE at varying densities and heating rates. The effect of different energy deposition methods, as well as Ionization Potential Depression are explored. This work shows regimes in rapidly changing plasmas, such as those created by optical lasers and FELs, where the use of LTE is justified, because timescales for plasma changes are significantly longer than the times needed to achieve an LTE ionization balance.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-01-2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0037480
Abstract: Intercalated metal nanoclusters (NCs) can be formed under the surface of graphite after sputtering to generate surface “portal” defects that allow deposited atoms to reach the subsurface gallery. However, there is a competition between formation of supported NCs on top of the surface and intercalated NCs under the surface, the latter only dominating at sufficiently high temperature. A stochastic model incorporating appropriate system thermodynamics and kinetics is developed to capture this complex and competitive nucleation and growth process. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation shows that the model captures experimental trends observed for Cu and other metals and reveals that higher temperatures are needed to facilitate detachment of atoms from supported NCs enabling them to reach the gallery.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-11-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1117/12.279415
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-10-1982
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/15/19/021
Abstract: Observations of gain on the hydrogen-like carbon ion Balmer- alpha transition, C VI H alpha , at 182 AA are examined for consistency and possible sources of error. It is concluded on purely experimental grounds that the only result consistent with the full set of data is that lification is observed, and that this should be ascribed to gain by stimulated emission. The data are compared with the values obtained by computational modelling and shown to be in satisfactory agreement provided the incomplete burn through is taken into account in accord with the numerical predictions. It is found that the model severely underestimates the gain observed: reasons for this are given.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4892263
Abstract: Uniform high density plasmas of different materials with properties relevant to the interior of stars and to inertial fusion can be created by laser irradiation of targets containing a buried layer of the material. Buried layer targets also enable the diagnosis of hot and thermal electron, x-ray and ion heating of targets. In this paper, L-emission spectroscopy from an iron layer (thickness 77 nm) encased in an otherwise plastic target (of thickness 240 nm–1.36 μm on the laser side) is irradiated by 0.53 μm wavelength, 2 ps duration laser pulses at irradiances of 1017–1018 Wcm−2. The relative iron L-emission from Li-like Fe XXIV to Ne-like Fe XVII is used to diagnose the plasma conditions of temperature and density in the iron layer. As the upper quantum states of the L-emission lines are in local thermodynamic equilibrium, line intensity ratios depend on both electron temperature and density, which—we show—enables the simultaneous measurement of both electron temperature and density by considering several line intensity ratios. We also show that hot electron target heating and the value of thermal flux limited heat conduction can be evaluated from the relative intensity of iron lines.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-01-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.505920
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1117/12.279413
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF01081713
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4870633
Abstract: Hot electron generation plays an important role in the fast ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and other applications with ultra-intense lasers. Hot electrons of temperature up to 10–20 MeV have been produced by high contrast picosecond duration laser pulses focussed to intensities of ∼1020 W cm−2 with a deliberate pre-pulse on solid targets using the Vulcan Petawatt Laser facility. We present measurements of the number and temperature of hot electrons obtained using an electron spectrometer. The results are correlated to the density scale length of the plasma produced by a controlled pre-pulse measured using an optical probe diagnostic. 1D simulations predict electron temperature variations with plasma density scale length in agreement with the experiment at shorter plasma scale lengths (& .5μm), but with the experimental temperatures (13–17 MeV) dropping below the simulation values (20–25 MeV) at longer scale lengths. The experimental results show that longer interaction plasmas produced by pre-pulses enable significantly greater number of hot electrons to be produced.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3649923
Abstract: We model x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) interactions of pulses of 100 fs duration or less with thick (many attenuation lengths) solid iron targets assuming the instantaneous target opacity is determined solely by the energy absorbed for a given photon energy. Ex les of the bound-free opacity dependence on energy absorbed for iron targets at photon energies of 750–2000 eV are presented. This is utilized to model XFEL pulse propagation through solid iron and to predict the resulting iron plasma opacity as the pulse progresses. Assuming the establishment of local thermodynamic equilibrium and electron-ion thermalization after a sufficiently long time interval, we calculate the temperature profiles to be expected in solid iron targets.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1982
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 18-07-2006
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 11-1985
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034600001142
Abstract: A comparison of the recombination and photo-pumping approaches for producing X-ray lasing on the hydrogen-like Balmer alpha line is presented. An approximate analytic expression for the ratio of the populations of the n = 3 and 2 quantum states of the hydrogen-like ion is derived and used to delineate the plasma parameter space where Balmer alpha gain can occur in a recombining plasma. The photo-pumping intensities required to produce Balmer alpha gain for plasmas initially in the steadystate are calculated using a collisional-radiative code and compared to intensities required to produce the initial plasmas for a recombination Balmer alpha laser with comparable gain. The recombination approach becomes relatively more efficient compared to the photo-pumping approach with increasing atomic number Z of the hydrogen-like ion with an estimated break-even at approximately Z = 16.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 12-12-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.450576
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-11-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.003820
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-1984
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1976
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-08-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.619259
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-1981
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-06-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-09-1978
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.12968/JORN.2014.6.1.29
Abstract: This article discusses the benefits of well-designed exercise provision, appropriate for chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as enhanced functional capacity, improvements in quality of life, and weight maintenance. However, these things are not usually provided as part of routine care for CKD patients.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-04-1984
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-1985
DOI: 10.1063/1.335918
Abstract: The effects on the plasma and other conditions required to achieve population inversions between the quantum states n=3 and n=2 of hydrogenlike ions caused by nonstatistical equilibrium fine-structure sublevel densities are examined. Collisional and radiative transitions into and out of each of the fine-structure sublevels (up to principle quantum number n=5) are taken into account in a comprehensive collisional-radiative code. Population inversions produced by both recombination and by photopumping from the 1s to 3p quantum states are examined. For electron densities Ne ≲1012 Z7 cm−3 (where Z is the atomic number of the hydrogenlike ion), it is shown that inversions can be much more difficult to produce than is predicted by simple calculations assuming all sublevels are populated statistically.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-12-2009
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.733841
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1982
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1992
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 05-1983
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034600000069
Abstract: The expansion of laser-produced plasmas in two-dimensions is examined analytically using an asymptotic (time→∞) isothermal self-similar model. The ion emission velocity and energy spectra are calculated and expressions given for the number and energy of expanding ions as a function of angle to the target. By relating the total ion kinetic energy of expansion to the temperature of the initial plasma, it is shown that ion probe signals give a measure of the initial plasma temperature. The model is extended to a plasma with two initial temperatures (a ‘hot’ component and a ‘cold’ component) and it is shown that the ion energy spectra here can be used to deduce the initial temperatures of the ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ ions and the relative number of the ‘hot’ ions to the ‘cold’ ions. The results are used to interpret data from an array of ion probes (at different angles to the target) for a plasma produced by irradiating a 25 μm thick nickel foil with a ∼20 ρs neodymium laser pulse.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJIC.2018.11.001
Abstract: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease, characterized by frequent exacerbations that can necessitate increased antibiotic use. A qualitative study was conducted at a specialist pediatric hospital to explore the perceptions of dermatology nurses on their role in antimicrobial stewardship when caring for children with atopic dermatitis. Thematic and content analysis derived that the awareness of nurses on antimicrobial stewardship was low, although they were implementing key elements in their clinical practice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 22-12-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034616000811
Abstract: The energy spectra of protons generated by ultra-intense (10 20 W cm −2 ) laser interactions with a preformed plasma of scale length measured by shadowgraphy are presented. The effects of the preformed plasma on the proton beam temperature and the number of protons are evaluated. Two-dimensional EPOCH particle-in-cell code simulations of the proton spectra are found to be in agreement with measurements over a range of experimental parameters.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.825896
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-10-1993
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 27-11-1989
DOI: 10.1117/12.961797
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1981
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-10-2022
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-06-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1989
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 25-05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-02-2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-05-2002
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3546031
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-09-1984
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-07-2003
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 12-12-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.450593
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-06-1993
DOI: 10.1063/1.353924
Abstract: The properties of a coherent x-ray point source in the water window spectral region generated using a small commercially available KrF laser system focused onto a Mylar (essentially carbon) target have been measured. By operating the source in a low-pressure (approximately 20 Torr) nitrogen environment, the degree of monochromaticity was improved due to the nitrogen acting as an x-ray filter and relatively enhancing the radiation at a wavelength of 3.37 nm (C vi 1s-2p). X-ray pinhole camera images show a minimum source size of 12 μm. A Young’s double slit coherence measurement gave fringe visibilities of approximately 62% for a slit separation of 10.5 μm at a distance of 31.7 cm from the source. To demonstrate the viability of the laser plasma as a source for coherent imaging applications a Gabor (in-line) hologram of two carbon fibers, of different sizes, was produced. The exposure time and the repetition rate was 2 min and 10 Hz, respectively.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-09-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2187986
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-05-2015
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-05-2011
DOI: 10.1117/12.891245
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-1978
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 12-1983
DOI: 10.1017/S026303460000046X
Abstract: The one-dimensional Lagrangian code MEDUSA has been adapted to model the pressure of laser photons and the transfer of laser light momentum to underdense plasma investigated using the modified code. It is shown for lasers of wavelength ≃ 1μm that the plasma electron density needs to be close to the critical density (10 21 cm −3 ) and that the laser intensity needs to be greater than ∼10 16 Wcm −2 for significant laser momentum transfer to plasma. It was found that small plasmas (scale-length = 1 μm) result in the best ‘signature’ of laser light momentum transfer to plasma (more enhanced expansion velocities) but that the largest momentum transfer is for the largest plasmas considered (scale-length = 100 μm). The formation of suitable underdense plasmas for momentum transfer by a laser pre-pulse onto a foil target is investigated using a two-dimensional Eulerian code.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2020
Abstract: We describe and analyze in detail the shapes of Fe islands encapsulated under the top graphene layers in graphite. Shapes are interrogated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The main outputs of the shape analysis are the slope of the graphene membrane around the perimeter of the island, and the aspect ratio of the central metal cluster. Modeling primarily uses a continuum elasticity (CE) model. As input to the CE model, we use density functional theory to calculate the surface energy of Fe, and the adhesion energies between Fe and graphene or graphite. We use the shaft-loaded blister test (SLBT) model to provide independent stretching and bending strain energies in the graphene membrane. We also introduce a model for the elastic strain in which stretching and bending are treated simultaneously. Measured side slopes agree very well with the CE model, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The fit is optimal for a graphene membrane consisting of 2–3 graphene monolayers, in agreement with experiment. Analysis of contributions to total energy shows that the side slope depends only on the properties of graphene/graphite. This reflects delamination of the graphene membrane from the underlying graphite, caused by upward pressure from the growing metal cluster. This insight leads us to evaluate the delamination geometry in the context of two related, classic models that give analytic results for the slope of a delaminated membrane. One of these, the point-loaded circular blister test model, reasonably predicts the delamination geometry at the edge of an Fe island. The aspect ratio also agrees well with the CE model in the limit of large island size, but not for small islands. Previously, we had speculated that this discrepancy was due to lack of coupling between bending and stretching in the SLBT model, but the new modeling shows that this explanation is not viable.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-1985
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 08-07-2021
DOI: 10.1117/12.2585789
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-08-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.619407
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.IDH.2022.03.002
Abstract: In Australia, Patient Service Assistants are an integral part of all health care settings, yet there is a paucity of studies considering their understandings and perceptions of their role about infection prevention and control. The aim in this study was to explore haematology Personal Service Assistants' experience, understanding and perceptions of their role in improving patient safety through environmental cleaning. A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was utilised to collect data from cleaning staff via focus groups. Three semi-structured focus groups were conducted. Seven Patient Service Assistants participated in the study out of 11 employed. Two key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) Playing a major role in Infection Prevention and Control, and (2) prioritising good interpersonal relationships over promoting infection prevention and control. Patient Service Assistants emphasised the importance of their involvement in keeping the ward clean, including patients' rooms and surroundings, to prevent cross infection. Most participants underlined the dilemmas they faced when visitors and/or informal cleaning employees or casual ward staff did not adhere to ward infection prevention and control norms. Patient Service Assistants were employing key infection prevention and control principles in their ward cleaning routine, with the aim of achieving a safer patient environment although they were reluctant to challenge observed practice deviations. The role of Patient Service Assistants highlights the widely held misconception that patient safety is solely dependent on healthcare workers.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-07-2004
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 27-11-1989
DOI: 10.1117/12.961829
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.735522
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2020
Abstract: We use a variety of experimental techniques to characterize Cu clusters on bulk MoS 2 formed via physical vapor deposition of Cu in ultrahigh vacuum, at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 900 K. We find that large facetted clusters grow at elevated temperatures, using high Cu exposures. The cluster size distribution is bimodal, and under some conditions, large clusters are surrounded by a denuded zone. We propose that defect-mediated nucleation, and coarsening during deposition, are both operative in this system. At 780 K, a surprising type of facetted cluster emerges, and at 900 K this type predominates: pyramidal clusters with a triangular base, exposing (311) planes as side facets. This is a growth shape, rather than an equilibrium shape.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-08-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.614918
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1117/12.279405
Publisher: Author(s)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4975729
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-09-2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2528736
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-08-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.620622
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2002
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034600007795
Abstract: University research in the UK with high power lasers is carried out at the SERC's Central Laser Facility with a multi-terawatt neodymium glass laser, VULCAN, and a developmental KrF laser, SPRITE. These systems are briefly described together with the design of a new KrF laser to supersede VULCAN. The new laser design, SUPERSPRITE, is based on optical and Raman multiplexing which is being developed with the present SPRITE system. The specification of SUPERSPRITE is for 3.5 kJ in 1 ns and a peak power of 300 TW in short pulses. The new technology is seen as highly cost effective in relation to neodymium glass lasers. A resume of the development of XUV lasers in the UK in collaboration with laboratories overseas is given. The work is based on laser action through recombination in highly ionized ions and recent progress includes collaborative experiments on the GEKKO XII facility in Japan which have demonstrated laser action at the shortest wavelength to date at 45 A in Mg XII. The physics of energy transport in short pulses is fundamental to the extrapolation of recombination lasers to shorter wavelengths and is being studied from a more basic standpoint using both the VULCAN and SPRITE facilities. Some details of this work are given.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-11-2007
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1117/12.284822
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-04-2016
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Gregory John Tallents.