ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8301-5125
Current Organisation
RPTU - University of Kaiserslautern-Landau
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-09-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14651165211035675
Abstract: Are Eurosceptic parties more likely to run negative, uncivil and emotional c aigns, as it is often intuitively argued? And with what consequences? In this article, we shed light on the effectiveness of these c aign strategies for Eurosceptic parties during the 2019 European elections. We argue that ‘harsher’ c aigns are ‘in character’ for Eurosceptic parties, and are as such more likely to be electorally successful for them. We use data from the 2019 European Parliament Elections Expert Survey, covering 191 unique parties, and show that, indeed, Eurosceptic parties are more likely to c aign in a harsh way, and more likely than Europhile parties to benefit electorally from it. All data and materials are openly available for replication.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-03-2023
Abstract: Which candidates are more likely to go negative, and under which conditions? We analyze self-reported survey data from candidates having run in the 2017 German federal election for the main parties. More specifically, we test a comprehensive set of factors supposed to drive the use of (a) negative c aigning in general, (b) policy attacks, and (c) character attacks. Our results show that for all three versions of negative c aigning the political profile of candidates is most important, followed by personality traits, perceived c aign dynamics, social profile, and available c aign resources. Within these categories, five factors are important across the board: members of the governing parties are less likely to attack, ‘extreme ideology’ of the candidate fuels the use of attack politics, candidates who believe that the media can persuade voters attack more often, disagreeable candidates tend to go negative, and male candidates are more likely to attack than females.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-10-2021
Abstract: We test how in idual differences moderate the attitudinal effects of attack politics in two online experiments among US respondents, surveyed through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ( N = 1,408 and N = 1,081). Study 1 tests the moderating effect of personality traits (Big Five, Dark Triad) on the effectiveness of character vs. policy attacks. Study 2 investigates the difference between civil and uncivil attacks and explores the moderating effect of Big Five, Dark Triad, tolerance to negativity and conflict avoidance. Results suggest that the effects of negativity and incivility are not uniform across all respondents. For instance, evaluations of the sponsor are more negative after exposure to negative messages for respondents high in conflict avoidance respondents high in psychopathy are more likely to have a more negative opinion of the target after being exposed to character attacks, whereas incivility worsen the perception of the target for in iduals low in conflict avoidance and agreeableness. Harsher c aigns, in other terms, work particularly well for some – and are particularly rejected by others. The implications of these trends are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/SPSR.12525
Abstract: To what extent are negative election c aigns “tailored” to the personality of the candidates? And with what electoral consequences? In this article we tackle these questions by focusing on the 2019 Swiss federal election. We estimate the presence of negativity as a function of the personality profile of competing candidates (Big Five) and the presence of professional consultants. Analyses based on data from a candidate survey (Selects 2019) suggest that c aign consultants are likely to take stock of the character of their candidate, and tailor the content of their c aigns accordingly ‐ more aggressive for more energetic candidates (higher plasticity) and for less stable candidates (lower stability). These results, we argue, support our central claim that the role of consultants is to provide the most adequate c aign for the candidate they are promoting (“tailoring hypothesis”). We fail however to find any convincing evidence that such tailoring is electorally successful.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-12-2021
Abstract: Democrats and Republicans have ergent views about Trump’s personality. Are these perceptions stable over time? We describe the evolution of Trump’s perceived personality (Big Five and Dark Triad) between November 2018 and May 2020 by comparing four s les of American respondents (Mechanical Turk). Trump’s perceived personality is on average extremely stable. Liberals have a much more critical perception of Trump than conservatives. Yet, strong Republicans have an increasingly more negative perception over the time—perhaps because the scandals that have marred the Trump presidency are at odds with conservative “moral foundations.” We also detected a potential demobilization trend for strong Republicans the more they perceive the president negatively, the lower their likelihood to turn out. The electoral implications of these trends are important.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-05-2020
Abstract: We argue that, above and beyond the usual suspects, some c aign strategies are more successful in attracting media coverage. We specifically focus on two elements of c aign content: the tone of the c aign (i.e., whether or not to go “negative” on opponents) and the use of emotional appeals (fear and enthusiasm messages). We argue that both negativity and emotions matter for media coverage. We rely on an original comparative data set about the c aign strategies of 507 candidates having competed in 107 elections in 89 countries worldwide between 2016 and 2019. The data set is based on a survey distributed to s les of national and international experts. Confirming our expectations, the analyses reveal that candidates using a more negative tone and, especially, candidates making a greater use of emotional appeals receive a greater media coverage the effect of emotional appeals dwarfs all other drivers of media coverage. Our analyses also show that media coverage is significantly higher for candidates who go negative and use fear appeals, and when candidates go positive and use enthusiasm appeals. Finally, media coverage is significantly greater for candidates who go negative in countries where the media system has a marked preference for infotainment and sensationalism.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 20-12-2018
DOI: 10.5194/BG-2018-502
Abstract: Abstract. In response to a warming climate, temperature extremes are changing in many regions of the world. Therefore, understanding how the fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and net ecosystem exchange respond and contribute to these changes is important. We examined 216 sites from the open access Tier 1 FLUXNET2015 and Free-Fair-Use La Thuile datasets, focussing only on observed (non-gap filled) data periods. We examined the availability of sensible heat, latent heat and net ecosystem exchange observations coincident in time with measured temperature for all temperatures, and separately for the upper and lower tail of the temperature distribution and expressed this availability as a measurement ratio. We showed that the measurement ratios for both sensible and latent heat fluxes are generally lower (0.79 and 0.73 respectively) than for temperature, and the measurement ratio of net ecosystem exchange measurements are appreciably lower (0.42). However, sites do exist with a high proportion of measured sensible and latent heat fluxes, mostly over the United States, Europe and Australia. Few sites have a high proportion of measured fluxes at the lower tail of the temperature distribution over very cold regions (e.g. Alaska, Russia) and at the upper tail in many warm regions (e.g. Central America and the majority of the Mediterranean region), and many of the world’s coldest and hottest regions are not represented in the freely available FLUXNET data at all (e.g. India, the Gulf States, Greenland and Antarctica). However, some sites do provide measured fluxes at extreme temperatures suggesting an opportunity for the FLUXNET community to share strategies to increase measurement availability at the tails of the temperature distribution. We also highlight a wide discrepancy between the measurement ratios across FLUXNET sites that is not related to the actual temperature or rainfall regimes at the site, which we cannot explain. Our analysis provides guidance to help select eddy covariance sites for researchers interested in exploring responses to temperature extremes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1057/S41269-021-00222-7
Abstract: A growing body of studies shows that the reasons for competing candidates to “go negative” on their opponents during elections—that is, attacking their opponents instead of promoting their own programs or ideas stem from strategic considerations. Yet, existing research has, at this stage, failed to assess whether candidates’ personality traits also play a role. In this article, we bridge the gap between existing work in political psychology and political communication and study to what extent the personality traits of competing candidates are linked with their use of negative c aigning strategies. We rely on candidate survey data for recent elections in three countries—Germany (2017), Switzerland (2019), and Finland (2019). The data includes self-reported measures for candidates’ “Big Five” personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness) and the the use of attacks towards their opponents during the c aign. Controlling for the usual suspects driving the use of negative c aigning we show that this latter is associated with low agreeableness and (marginally) with high extraversion and low conscientiousness. The role of personality for the focus of an attack (issue vs. character attacks) is somewhat less clear-cut. All in all, kinder and more stable candidates tend to go less negative when they do, they tend to stay away from character-based attacks and somehow focus on issues.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-06-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/PSQ.12511
No related grants have been discovered for Jürgen Maier.