ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3369-1106
Current Organisations
TA-9632 BAN: Rural Connectivity Improvement Project (ADB)
,
University of New England
,
TA-9408 BAN: Updating the Road Master Plan (ADB-funded)
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Publications
Cybercrime in ASEAN – Anti-child Pornography Legislation
Publisher: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Date: 11-2020
Abstract: Child pornography is one of the most pernicious crimes amongst the various forms of cybercrime. Offensive materials can be quickly disseminated over the internet with no respect for international borders. ASEAN leaders undertook at their 31st ASEAN Summit to prevent and tackle cybercrime including harmonising their laws. This paper is based on an analysis of the cybercrime legislation of all ten ASEAN countries to determine how the offence of child pornography is covered in their legislation. As the offence has extra-territorial consequences the analysis includes a discussion of the extraterritorial reach of the legislation. It was found that most of the jurisdictions have specific statutes or specific articles in their Criminal Codes concerning the crime of child pornography. They do not necessarily refer to cybercrime or computer-related crime. Mutual cooperation is essential in combating cybercrime as is legislation that clearly defines the offence and is agreed across all jurisdictions. The paper analyses the current status of harmonization of laws in ASEAN and discusses a possible way forward in the harmonization of anti-child pornography legislation across ASEAN.
A structural double-mutant cycle: estimating the strength of a buried salt bridge in barnase
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 22-03-2002
DOI: 10.1107/S0907444902001567
Abstract: Double-mutant cycles are widely used in the field of protein engineering to measure intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. Ideally, there should be no structural rearrangement of the protein on making the two single mutations and the double mutation within the cycle. However, structural pertubation on mutation does not preclude the use of this method, providing the sum of the changes in the single mutants equals the change in the double mutant. In this way, the energy associated with any structural rearrangement cancels in the double-mutant cycle. Previously, the contribution of a buried salt bridge between Arg69 and Asp93 in barnase to the stability of the folded protein has been determined by double-mutant cycle analysis. In order to determine whether the measured interaction of -14.0 kJ mol(-1) represents the true interaction energy, the crystal structure of each mutant within the double-mutant cycle was solved. Although mutation results in structural shifts, the majority of those in the single mutants are also found in the double mutant their energetic effects in the double-mutant cycle are therefore cancelled. This study highlights the robust nature of the double-mutant cycle analysis.
Prediction of Performance of a Granular Pavement using Mechano-Lattice Analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1986
Department of Main Roads, N.S.W. - Rooty Hill Field Trial, Construction Report for Asphaltic Concrete Pavements
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 1986
Efficacy of the WIPO Global Innovation Index as a Driver of Innovation: Analysis of GII Data for the ten ASEAN Economies
Publisher: Academic Conferences International Ltd
Date: 18-09-2023
Prediction of Surface Deformation in a Full Scale Test Pavement
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
A tale of two pandemics: Fake news and COVID-19
Publisher: Kasetsart University and Development Institute
Date: 2022
Cross-border development: A long-term role for Universities
Publisher: Universitas Indonesia, Directorate of Research and Public Service
Date: 31-07-2020
Durability Assessment of Crushed Rock Road Base
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1984
DOI: 10.1007/BF02594453
Predicted and field performance of three asphalt pavements
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 1987
Racial Attitudes in the Junior Grades of a Boys' Boarding School in Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1980
‘FAKE NEWS’ IN ASEAN: LEGISLATIVE RESPONSES
Publisher: Universitas Bina Nusantara
Date: 07-12-2021
Abstract: The research is a legal review based on the documentary research concept by comparing the development of legislative responses to fake news spread in Southeast Asia. Anti-fake news legislation focuses on the transmission of information by electronic means than print media. The analysis is carried out for each of the member states by including a clause-by-clause examination of the legislation and subsequent cases addressing legal issues associated with the laws. Several common factors should be addressed to provide a fairer and more transparent approach, including developing a clear-cut definition of fake news. Two key elements should be met in the definition of spreading of fake news: it should be the intentional spreading of misinformation or disinformation by design. The research suggests it would be better to develop anti-fake news legislation as either a standalone statute or a specific amendment to existing legislation than include fake news in omnibus legislation. Except in the most serious cases, creating, publishing, or distributing fake news illegality should be reduced from a criminal offence to an administrative offence, where the police issue a fine. Given the documented publishing and spreading of disinformation by state actors, their servants and agents, there should be an explicit “fake news” offence associated with the action of such persons.
University Extension Programs to Develop Intellectual Property in the Agricultural Sector of Marginalized Rural Communities in the ASEAN Region
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
Mainstreaming Justice in the Establishment of Laws and Regulations Process: Comparing Case in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia
Publisher: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Date: 31-05-2023
Abstract: This paper compares the cases of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia to examine how these countries incorporate principles of justice in the establishment of laws and regulations. It explores the significance of mainstreaming justice in lawmaking, emphasizing equitable representation, fair access to justice, and human rights considerations. The analysis highlights the legal frameworks and institutional structures in each country. In Indonesia, the role of the Constitutional Court and stakeholder involvement in the legislative process are examined. Malaysia's constitutional framework and efforts to address ethnic and religious ersity, as well as the role of judicial review, are discussed. Australia's common law system emphasizes parliamentary scrutiny, public consultations, and protection of in idual rights through the High Court and parliamentary committees. This study provides insights into the erse approaches and challenges faced by these countries in mainstreaming justice in their lawmaking processes. It contributes to understanding how justice can be effectively integrated into laws and regulations, offering valuable insights for policymakers and legal practitioners seeking to promote justice in legislative contexts.
Has Thailand learnt any Lessons from the Bowring Treaty and the Treaty of Amity?
Publisher: Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.30958/AJL.5-4-3
Loading characteristics of a tertiary clay and implications for road pavement design,Capacité portante d'une argile tertiaire et conséquences sur la conception de la chaussée
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF02590380
Bilateral Investment Treaties - a Potential Trap for Developing Economies: A Lesson from Thailand
Publisher: Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER
Date: 30-06-2018
DOI: 10.30958/AJBE.4-3-3
Use and Abuse of Social Media in Myanmar between 2010 and 2022
Publisher: Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.30958/AJL_V8I3
“Fake news” legislation in Thailand: the good, the bad and the ugly
Publisher: Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.30958/AJL_V6I3
Innovative Solutions for Energy Conservation Through Commercial and Domestic Demand Side Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Is an “Open Innovation” Policy Viable in Southeast Asia? - A Legal Perspective
Publisher: Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.30958/AJL.9-2-2
Toward Maximum Performance Mix Design for Each Situation
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1520/STP1041-EB
How Can the Least Developed Member Countries of ASEAN Benefit from the 4th Industrial Revolution?
Publisher: College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University
Date: 2021
Abstract: The ASEAN members Cambodia, Lao DPR, and Myanmar have been classified by the United Nations as least developed countries, with many of their citizens living below the poverty line, and its workers predominantly rural. This paper seeks to ascertain how these 3 countries can benefit from the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) and the changes required so that their citizens can benefit from increasing economic prosperity, improved social well-being, rising human values, and environmental protection. In this context, the 4IR can be defined as the revolutionary change when information technology proliferates in all industries and is the connection between technology and the market. An analysis of the contemporary data and reports, mainly from the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank, has identified niches which each of the economies can develop on the path to the 4IR. The analysis has also identified a common impediment to progress: namely, the current state of development of the educational system, with curricula which are often not relevant to the needs of the current and future market, and the methods of their delivery in both formal education and industrial training. The changes must ensure that recipients are encouraged to develop skills in critical thinking and communication, including the ability to ask questions. Finally, the paper suggests an appropriate model for the 4IR and the development stages for these economies as they move along the path to reach this goal.
University Extension Programs to Promote the Traditional Knowledge of Marginalised Rural Communities in the ASEAN Region
Publisher: Academic Conferences International Ltd
Date: 18-09-2023
Research and Developments in Progress: Racial Attitudes of six year old Middle Class Boys from Two Schools in Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1983
Sustainability: Lenders Know Best - A Practitioner’s View
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3349665
Thailand: legislative response to torture and enforced disappearances
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-09-2022
Performance study of surface treated crushed rock pavement
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 11-1986
Fake News and the Convention on Cybercrime
Publisher: Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.30958/AJL.7-3-4
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the recent term of the United States President, Donald Trump, brought the term “fake news” to the attention of the broader community. Some jurisdictions have developed anti-fake news legislation, whilst others have used existing cybercrime legislation. A significant deficiency is the lack of a clear definition of fake news. Just because a person calls something “fake news” does not mean that it is indeed false. Especially during pandemics, the primary aim should be to have misinformation and disinformation removed quickly from the web rather than prosecute offenders. The most widely accepted international anti-cybercrime treaty is the Convention on Cybercrime developed by the Council of Europe, which is silent on fake news, the propagation of which may be a cybercrime. There is an Additional Protocol that deals with hate speech, which the authors consider to be a subset of fake news. Using ex les from Southeast Asia, the paper develops a comprehensive definition of what constitutes fake news. It ensures that it covers the various flavours of fake news that have been adopted in various jurisdictions. Hate speech can be considered a subset of fake news and is defined as the publication or distribution of fake news with the intention to incite hatred or violence against ethnic, religious, political, and other groups in society. The paper proposes some offences, including those that should be applied to platform service providers. The recommendations could be easily adapted for inclusion in the Convention on Cybercrime or other regional conventions. Such an approach is desirable as cybercrime, including propagating fake news, is not a respecter of national borders, and has widespread deleterious effects. Keywords: Fake news hate speech Convention on Cybercrime draft legislation
Implementation of Federalism in Nepal: The Devil is in the Detail
Publisher: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Date: 20-12-2022
DOI: 10.15294/LESREV.V6I1.54437
Abstract: After a long period of instability, Nepal adopted a new Constitution in 2015, creating a multiparty federal republic. Previously Nepal had been a unitary state, albeit with a long period of political instability and insurgencies. In 2017 the two competing communist parties merged to form the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP), which operated with a 2/3rd majority in the House of Representatives. The implementation of federalism has been slow and uneven. Despite assurances to the contrary, the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been lacking, with Constitutional obligations ignored. The machinations of the then Prime Minister have exacerbated this, apparently supported by the President to overcome constitutional norms to keep the Prime Minister in power. The paper analyses the devolution of powers to the provincial and local levels described in the constitution. There have been successes and failures. There appeared to be a concerted effort from the federal parliament and some in the bureaucracy to continue to centralize power. This early inaction has hindered its response to the pandemic. Of even more concern is the then prime minister's role as he sought to maintain his hold on power by ignoring the provisions of the Constitution.
Legal Incentives and Constraints on Innovation: Keeping the Balance
Publisher: Academic Conferences International Ltd
Date: 07-09-2022
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic forced civil society and business to face a new reality where much greater reliance needed to be placed on networked devices and internet distributed communications, including the provision of services ranging from medical advice to food, entertainment and even the facility to interact with family. The ability to meet in-person with family, friends, colleagues, business associates or customers was severely restricted leaving internationalisation as a utopian dream as borders were closed, students were denied access to a physical classrooms and businesses had to rapidly “pivot” or fail. These alternatives to real life have seemed less appealing to many, with every aspect of life “going online”, whether virtual lectures, exams, meetings, mediations, court appearances, job interviews, shopping for a piece of cheese or starting a new trade relationship. Much innovation over the last two years has been around deploying online business models. There has also been a wider use of artificial intelligence to support “efficient” operations partly stimulated by the falling staffing levels due to the pandemic directly through sickness or forced isolations, or indirectly by a growing sense of the futility of working for a business, known as the Great Resignation (“Over the 12 months ending in January 2022, hires totalled 76.4 million and separations totalled 70.0 million…” indicating a huge refocusing on jobs in the USA) This paper looks at the challenge for legal systems to pivot around the growing trends in deployments of online innovation. Some businesses are now widely deploying software-based analysis systems, such as Airbnb, which is using them to “verify the identity and trustworthiness of a user of an online system” and flag potential guests who may be problematic. Although Airbnb is a multibillion-dollar business, it is a good ex le of how through using publicly available data, user supplied information, and smart software (artificial intelligence) a business can make predictions on the behaviour of its potential customers. Other AI resources have been creating new gaming scenarios, reporting on the news, and even creating new artworks and music. These kinds of use of AI in the marketplace have challenged the legal frameworks that support in idual privacy and also ideas around human creativity.
Modification of Young Children’s Attitudes to Light and Dark Objects and Resultant Changes in Their Racial Attitudes
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 1982
Investor-state dispute settlement and infrastructure projects: a potential impediment to good engineering and planning outcomes in Australia?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Comparison of Predicted Performance of Two Full Scale Crushed Rock Experimental Pavements using Mechano-Lattice Analysis with Field Performance during Initial Service Life
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 1984
Protection & Promotion of Traditional Knowledge of Marginalised Communities: A Legal Perspective
Publisher: Academic Conferences International Ltd
Date: 05-09-2023
The variability in soil particle size test results by various subsampling techniques
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1984
Related Organisations
TA-9632 BAN: Rural Connectivity Improvement Project (ADB)
Location: Bangladesh
TA-8427 IND: Uttar Pradesh Major District Road Investment Program (ADB-funded)
Location: India
TA-8987 MYA Improving Road Network Management And Safety (ADB-funded)
Location: Myanmar
TA-9408 BAN: Updating The Road Master Plan (ADB-funded)
Location: Bangladesh
TA-9457 NEP: Institutional Strengthening Of The Nepal Rural Road Sector For Sustainable Development
Location: Nepal
TA 8257 Reg: Timor-Leste Transport Sector Plan (ADB-funded)
Location: Timor-Leste
TA-7545 SRI: Technical Assistance For Capacity Development Of Agencies And Users Of Northern Roads (ADB-funded)
Location: Sri Lanka
TA-8019 IND: Advanced Project Preparedness For Poverty Reduction - Preparing State Road Projects (Subproject 20) - T1 Consulting Services For Project Preparatory Technical Assistance - Preparing State Road Projects
Location: India
Philippines Regional Municipal Program (AusAID-funded)
Location: Philippines
Review Of The Organisational Structure Within The Three Municipalities Within Abu Dhabi
Location: United Arab Emirates
Road Performance & Maintenance Financing Study (WB-funded)
Location: Indonesia
Institutional Strengthening In Pavement Management & Maintenance Management Systems. (BMA-funded)
Location: Thailand
Introduction To Performance Based Contracts - National Road Authority
Location: Ireland
Asset Management Review - Scottish Executive - Roads
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Feasibility Study For Introducing Performance Based Contracts For Public Works Department
Location: Papua New Guinea
Framework For Performance Based Road Maintenance Contracts & Procurement (WB-funded)
Location: Egypt
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Robert Smith.