ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3480-0615
Current Organisation
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
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Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 14-03-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13084200
Abstract: In the late twentieth century, the only cost-effective opportunity for waste removal cost at least several thousand dollars, but nowadays, a lot of improvement has occurred. The biomass and waste generation problems attracted concerned authorities to identify and provide environmentally friendly sustainable solutions that possess environmental and economic benefits. The present study emphasises the valorisation of biomass and waste produced by domestic and industrial sectors. Therefore, substantial research is ongoing to replace the traditional treatment methods that potentially acquire less detrimental effects. Synthetic biology can be a unique platform that invites all the relevant characters for designing and assembling an efficient program that could be useful to handle the increasing threat for human beings. In the future, these engineered methods will not only revolutionise our lives but practically lead us to get cheaper biofuels, producing bioenergy, pharmaceutics, and various biochemicals. The bioaugmentation approach concomitant with microbial fuel cells (MFC) is an ex le that is used to produce electricity from municipal waste, which is directly associated with the loading of waste. Beyond the traditional opportunities, herein, we have spotlighted the new advances in pertinent technology closely related to production and reduction approaches. Various integrated modern techniques and aspects related to the industrial sector are also discussed with suitable ex les, including green energy and other industrially relevant products. However, many problems persist in present-day technology that requires essential efforts to handle thoroughly because significant valorisation of biomass and waste involves integrated methods for timely detection, classification, and separation. We reviewed and proposed the anticipated dispensation methods to overcome the growing stream of biomass and waste at a distinct and organisational scale.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-06-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES26113389
Abstract: In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4472940
Abstract: The sequenced data availability opened new horizons related to buffalo genetic control of economic traits and genomic ersity. The visceral organs (brain, liver, etc.) significantly involved in energy metabolism, docility, or social interactions. We performed sw buffalo transcriptomic profiling of 24 different tissues (brain and non-brain) to identify novel transcripts and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of brain vs. non-brain tissues with their functional annotation. We obtained 178.57 Gb clean transcriptomic data with GC contents 52.77%, reference genome alignment 95.36%, exonic coverage 88.49%. Totally, 26363 mRNAs transcripts including 5574 novel genes were obtained. Further, 7194 transcripts were detected as DEGs by comparing brain vs. non-brain tissues group, of which 3,999 were upregulated and 3,195 downregulated. These DEGs were functionally associated with cellular metabolic activities, signal transduction, cytoprotection, and structural and binding activities. The related functional pathways included cancer pathway, PI3k-Akt signaling, axon guidance, JAK-STAT signaling, basic cellular metabolism, thermogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study provides an in-depth understanding of sw buffalo transcriptomic data including DEGs potentially involved in basic cellular activities and development that helped to maintain their working capacity and social interaction with humans, and also, helpful to disclose the genetic architecture of different phenotypic traits and their gene expression regulation.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BIOMEDICINES10112833
Abstract: Cancers are worldwide health concerns, whether they are sporadic or hereditary. The fundamental mechanism that causes somatic or oncogenic mutations and ultimately aids cancer development is still unknown. However, mammalian cells with protein-only somatic inheritance may also contribute to cancerous malignancies. Emerging data from a recent study show that prion-like proteins and prions (PrPC) are crucial entities that have a functional role in developing neurological disorders and cancer. Furthermore, excessive PrPC expression profiling has also been detected in non-neuronal tissues, such as the lymphoid cells, kidney, GIT, lung, muscle, and mammary glands. PrPC expression is strongly linked with the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, and breast malignancies. Similarly, experimental investigation presented that the PrPC expression, including the prion protein-coding gene (PRNP) and p53 ag are directly associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis (tumor suppressor gene). The ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway also confers a robust metastatic capability for PrPC-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Additionally, prions could alter the epigenetic regulation of genes and overactive the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which promotes the development of cancer in humans. Protein overexpression or suppression caused by a prion and prion-like proteins has also been linked to oncogenesis and metastasis. Meanwhile, additional studies have discovered resistance to therapeutic targets, highlighting the significance of protein expression levels as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
Location: Pakistan
No related grants have been discovered for Muhammad Ahmad.