ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1000-2344
Current Organisation
UNSW Sydney
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Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 17-10-2022
DOI: 10.1364/OE.469937
Abstract: We conceptualized and numerically investigated a photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for rapid detection and quantification of novel coronavirus. The plasmonic gold-based optical sensor permits three different ways to quantify the virus concentrations inside patient’s body based on different ligand-analyte conjugate pairs. This photonic biosensor demonstrates viable detections of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD), mutated viral single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) and human monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG). A marquise-shaped core is introduced to facilitate efficient light-tailoring. Analytes are dissolved in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and surfaced on the plasmonic metal layer for realizing detection. The 1-pyrene butyric acid n-hydroxy-succinimide ester is numerically used to immobilize the analytes on the sensing interface. Using the finite element method (FEM), the proposed sensor is studied critically and optimized for the refractive index (RI) range from 1.3348-1.3576, since the target analytes RIs fluctuate within this range depending on the severity of the viral infection. The polarization-dependent sensor exhibits dominant sensing attributes for x-polarized mode, where it shows the average wavelength sensitivities of 2,009 nm/RIU, 2,745 nm/RIU and 1,984 nm/RIU for analytes: spike RBD, extracted coronavirus RNA and antibody IgG, respectively. The corresponding median litude sensitivities are 135 RIU -1 , 196 RIU -1 and 140 RIU -1 , respectively. The maximum sensor resolution and figure of merit are found 2.53 × 10 −5 RIU and 101 RIU -1 , respectively for viral RNA detection. Also, a significant limit of detection (LOD) of 6.42 × 10 −9 RIU 2 /nm is obtained. Considering modern bioassays, the proposed compact photonic sensor will be well-suited for rapid point-of-care COVID testing.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-04-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NANO12091444
Abstract: A dual-channel propagation controlled photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based plasmonic sensor was presented to detect multiple analytes simultaneously. Plasmonic micro-channels were placed on the outer surface of the PCF, which facilitates an easy sensing mechanism. The sensor was numerically investigated by the finite element method (FEM) with the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions. The proposed sensor performances were analyzed based on optimized sensor parameters, such as confinement loss, resonance coupling, resolution, sensitivity, and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed sensor showed a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 25,000 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) with a maximum sensor resolution (SR) of 4.0 × 10−6 RIU for channel 2 (Ch-2), and WS of 3000 nm/RIU with SR of 3.33 × 10−5 RIU for channel 1 (Ch-1). To the best of our knowledge, the proposed sensor exhibits the highest WS compared with the previously reported multi-analyte based PCF surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. The proposed sensor could detect the unknown analytes within the refractive index (RI) range of 1.32 to 1.39 in the visible to near infrared region (550 to 1300 nm). In addition, the proposed sensor offers the maximum Figure of Merit (FOM) of 150 and 500 RIU−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.11 × 10−8 RIU2/nm and 1.6 × 10−10 RIU2/nm for Ch-1 and Ch-2, respectively. Due to its highly sensitive nature, the proposed multi-analyte PCF SPR sensor could be a prominent candidate in the field of biosensing to detect biomolecule interactions and chemical sensing.
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 10-07-2020
DOI: 10.1364/OL.396340
Abstract: Highly sensitive mode-multiplex miniaturized sensors enable the detection and quantification of multiple biomolecules simultaneously through their real-time interactions. Here, we demonstrate a grapefruit photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based mode-multiplex surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that detects multiple analytes simultaneously. Three grapefruit-shaped air-holes are internally coated with plasmonic gold (Au) material, which allows them to act as mode-multiplex channels that detect three unknown analytes. The sensor performance was investigated using the finite element method (FEM), and the optimized fiber structure was fabricated with the standard stack-and-draw method. For the y -polarized mode, channels one and three showed the maximum wavelength sensitivities of 2000 and 18,000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) at the analyte refractive indices of 1.34 and 1.41, respectively. On the other hand, channel two showed the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 3000 nm/RIU at the analyte refractive index (RI) of 1.36 for the x -polarized mode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a mode-multiplex grapefruit PCF-based SPR sensor to simultaneously detect and quantify three different analytes. We anticipate that the proposed sensor will find potential applications in the detection of real-time biomolecular interactions and binding affinity.
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 27-06-2022
Abstract: Refractive index (RI) is a unique attribute of bio-analytes which highly relies upon their concentrations or the activity/infectivity of the microbes. In this paper, a dual-polarized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) RI sensor based on a decentered propagation-controlled core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been studied. Fine-tuned light guidance is realized by scaling down the core air holes. The external surface of the fiber is metalized with a thin gold layer that maximizes the chemical stability by reducing the chances of oxidation. The deposition of the core from the central position reduces the core to analyte distance resulting in efficient coupling as well as greater sensitivity. Finite element method (FEM) based numerical investigation warrants promising sensing performances in wavelength and litude interrogation methods. The proposed sensor is viable for the RI range from 1.33 to 1.39, where it demonstrates the highest wavelength sensitivities of 13,700 and 15,400 nm/RIU and highest litude sensitivities of 852 RIU -1 and 654 RIU -1 in x-and y-polarized modes, respectively. It also exhibits high sensor resolutions of 7.30 × 10 −6 RIU and 6.49 × 10 −6 RIU, and high figure of merits of 216 and 256 RIU -1 for x and y-polarized modes, respectively. Along with the liberty of selecting light sources, the highly sensitive nature of the sensor will enable accurate detections of different organic compounds and bio-molecules.
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 08-09-2020
DOI: 10.1364/AO.400301
Abstract: A modified solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based plasmonic sensor is proposed where light propagation through the PCF is controlled by scaling down of air holes. The modified core facilitates the easy excitation of the plasmonic surface, resulting in improved sensor performance. The chemically stable gold is externally coated on the PCF surface, which helps to establish surface plasmon resonance phenomena. The response of the sensor is analyzed based on the numerical method, and the design parameters are optimized to enhance the sensing performance. The asymmetric fiber-core structure provides the polarization controllability and significantly suppresses the y -polarized response to achieve a dominant x -polarized response and additional functionalities. The sensor exhibits a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 11,000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and sensing resolution of 9.09 × 10 − 6 RIU in the x -polarized mode. Also, the sensor exhibits maximum litude sensitivity of 631 R I U − 1 , and a good figure of merit is 157 R I U − 1 . Furthermore, the sensor can detect the unknown analytes’ refractive index (RI) in the sensing analyte RI range of 1.33 to 1.40, which will lead to finding the potential applications in biomolecules, organic chemicals, and environment monitoring.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-02-2018
DOI: 10.1364/OL.43.000891
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 29-03-2021
DOI: 10.1364/OSAC.416953
Abstract: Light controllability, design flexibility, and non-linearity features of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor enable high sensitivity in the field of biosensing. Here, bio-inspired butterfly-core shaped microstructure fiber-based plasmonic sensor is proposed where circular air-holes are arranged to enhance the sensing performance. Butterfly shaped core is designed to confine the incident light into the core by preventing light scattering through the cladding and helps to excite surface electron of plasmonic metal layer. Chemically stable plasmonic material gold is used to produce the SPR phenomenon. The analyte detection layer and the plasmon layer are located externally on the PCF surface to make the detection process more feasible. The sensor performance is studied based on the finite element method (FEM), and the structural parameters are tuned to obtain maximum sensor performance. This modified core-based sensor exhibits the maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 56,000 nm/RIU and the litude sensitivity (AS) of 1,584 RIU -1 for the x-polarized mode. It also shows an improved sensor resolution (SR) of 1.8 ×10 −6 RIU, along with a decent figure of merit (FOM) of 691 RIU -1 . Moreover, this sensor can detect analyte refractive indexes (RI) within a broad RI range of 1.33 to 1.42 in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range (450–2100 nm). Finally, the proposed sensor may have possible application to detect organic chemicals, food quality, and diseases with high accuracy due to outstanding sensitivity and linearity.
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 27-09-2021
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.435255
Abstract: A photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for real-time multi-analyte detection. Semicircular U-shaped slots are excavated inside the PCF to facilitate the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by reducing the distance between the core and external analyte channels. The evanescent field is controlled via engineered scaled-down air holes. A plasmonic metal layer (gold) is deposited over the U-curved microchannel to enhance the surface plasmons. This asymmetric PCF SPR structure enables superior birefringence controllability, which results in a dominant y -polarized response in comparison to the x -polarized mode. The light-guiding and sensor performance parameters are numerically analyzed using the full vector finite element method. The proposed sensor can detect a wide refractive index (RI) range from 1.33 to 1.43. It demonstrates the maximum wavelength sensitivities of 2000 nm/RIU and 12,800 nm/RIU with sensor resolutions of 5 × 1 0 − 5 R I U and 7.813 × 1 0 − 6 R I U for channels 1 and 2, respectively. The sensor also exhibits a maximum litude sensitivity of 1119 R I U − 1 with a high figure of merit of 474 R I U − 1 . The simultaneous dual-analyte detection capability and highly sensitive response with a broad detection range make the proposed sensor distinct and will pave the way for miniaturized medical diagnostics and sensing applications.
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 18-10-2018
No related grants have been discovered for Firoz Haider.