ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1169-0292
Current Organisations
University of Bath
,
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2004.09.007
Abstract: We investigated whether habitual intakes of sodium (Na), potassium, magnesium, and calcium differ across South African ethnic groups, assessed the proportion of Na intake, which is discretionary, and identified which food sources were the major contributors to Na intake. This was a cross-sectional study of 325 black, white, and mixed ancestry hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Three repeated 24-h urine s les were collected for assessment of urinary Na, and three corresponding 24-h dietary recalls were administered by trained fieldworkers. Blood pressure and weight were measured at each visit. Secondary analyses were performed on existing dietary databases obtained from four regional surveys undertaken in South African adults. Mean urinary Na excretion values equated to daily salt (NaCl) intakes of 7.8, 8.5, and 9.5 g in black, mixed ancestry, and white subjects, respectively (P < 0.05). Between 33% and 46% of total Na intake was discretionary, and, of the non-discretionary sources, bread was the single greatest contributor to Na intake in all groups. Ethnic differences in calcium intake were evident, with black subjects having particularly low intakes. Urban versus rural differences existed with respect to sources of dietary Na, with greater than 70% of total non-discretionary Na being provided by bread and cereals in rural black South Africans compared with 49% to 54% in urban dwellers. White South Africans have higher habitual intakes of Na, but also higher calcium intakes, than their black and mixed ancestry counterparts. All ethnic groups had Na intakes in excess of 6 g/d of salt, whereas potassium intakes in all groups were below the recommended level of 90 mM/d. Dietary differences may contribute to ethnically related differences in blood pressure.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.HJR.0000170265.22938.D1
Abstract: To determine any differences in the urinary excretion and dietary intake of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium intake in three South African ethnic groups, and to assess whether the blood pressure-cation association varies according to ethnic status. A cross-sectional study of 325 black, white and mixed-ancestry men and women, conveniently s led in Cape Town. Twenty-four-hour urine s les were collected on three separate occasions for assessment of urinary electrolytes, and three 24-h dietary recalls for the corresponding urine collection times were administered by two trained fieldworkers. Para-amino benzoic acid was used as a marker of the completeness of urine collection. Mean urinary sodium values equate to a daily salt (sodium chloride) intake of 7.8, 8.5 and 9.5 g in black, mixed-ancestry and white in iduals, respectively. In normotensive in iduals, black and mixed-ancestry subjects had significantly lower median urinary sodium concentrations than white subjects, but these differences were not evident between black and white hypertensive subjects. No ethnic differences were found for urinary potassium, except for mixed-ancestry normotensive in iduals having a lower excretion than white normotensive in iduals. Urinary magnesium excretion did not differ across ethnic groups. In both normotensive and hypertensive in iduals, urinary calcium concentrations differed between all three groups, with black subjects having the lowest values, approximately less than half those of white subjects. White normotensive subjects in Cape Town have higher habitual intakes of sodium, but also higher calcium intakes than their black and mixed-ancestry counterparts. Dietary differences may contribute to ethnic-related differences in blood pressure.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: South Africa
No related grants have been discovered for Frederick Johannes Veldman.