ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0646-6640
Current Organisation
Trinity College Dublin
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2023
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 23-07-2012
Abstract: Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the C anian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the C anian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results confirm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 30-03-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-21343-9
Abstract: Peridotites from the thick roots of Archaean cratons are known for their compositional ersity, whose origin remains debated. We report thermodynamic modelling results for reactions between peridotite and ascending mantle melts. Reaction between highly magnesian melt (komatiite) and peridotite leads to orthopyroxene crystallisation, yielding silica-rich harzburgite. By contrast, shallow basalt-peridotite reaction leads to olivine enrichment, producing magnesium-rich dunites that cannot be generated by simple melting. Komatiite is spatially and temporally associated with basalt within Archaean terranes indicating that modest-degree melting co-existed with advanced melting. We envisage a relatively cool mantle that experienced episodic hot upwellings, the two settings could have coexisted if roots of nascent cratons became locally strongly extended. Alternatively, deep refractory silica-rich residues could have been detached from shallower dunitic lithosphere prior to cratonic amalgamation. Regardless, the distinct Archaean melting-reaction environments collectively produced skewed and multi-modal olivine distributions in the cratonic lithosphere and bimodal mafic-ultramafic volcanism at surface.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 08-12-2017
DOI: 10.1130/G39680.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.12.049
Abstract: Atmospherically-fed Earth surface archives such as ombrotrophic peatlands, lake sediments, and ice consistently show an upward increase in Zn concentrations of hitherto unclear origin. Here, we present a combined stable Zn isotope and trace element (Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr, V, Ta, Pb) dataset for a historically polluted, near-urban bog (Liffey Head) from the east coast of Ireland. This peat record is compared to an archive from a rural site at the west coast of Ireland (Brackloon Wood). Both archives show a clear near-surface increase in Zn deposition, accompanied by periodic deposition in Cr, Ni, Mo, and V suggesting a co-genetic origin of these elements. In the Liffey Head site, biologic upward distillation of nutrients can be excluded as the origin of the elemental enrichments. The differences in the excess metal ratios between the two sites (e.g., Zn/Cd of 426-1564, east, and 77-106, west) are attributed to a higher contribution from traffic emissions (diesel, petrol) and oil-burning at the near-urban site, and dominant atmospheric influence from solid fossil fuel combustion emissions (e.g., mixed fuel, coal and wood) at the rural site. The Zn isotope composition in the historically-polluted Liffey Head bog evolved from δ
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41597-021-01013-7
Abstract: Tephrochronology relies on the availability of the stratigraphical, geochemical and geochronological datasets of volcanic deposits, three preconditions which are both often only fragmentary accessible. This study presents the tephrochronological dataset from the Lake Ohrid (Balkans) sediment succession continuously reaching back to 1.36 Ma. 57 tephra layers were investigated for their morphological appearance, geochemical fingerprint, and (chrono-)stratigraphic position. Glass fragments of tephra layers were analyzed for their major element composition using Energy-Dispersive-Spectroscopy and Wavelength-Dispersive Spectroscopy and for their trace element composition by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Radiometric dated equivalents of 16 tephra layers and orbital tuning of geochemical proxy data provided the basis for the age-depth model of the Lake Ohrid sediment succession. The age-depth model, in turn, provides ages for unknown or undated tephra layers. This dataset forms the basis for a regional stratigraphic framework and provides insights into the central Mediterranean explosive volcanic activity during the last 1.36 Ma.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GGR.12157
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHEVOL.2013.10.001
Abstract: The 1950s excavations by Charles McBurney in the Haua Fteah, a large karstic cave on the coast of northeast Libya, revealed a deep sequence of human occupation. Most subsequent research on North African prehistory refers to his discoveries and interpretations, but the chronology of its archaeological and geological sequences has been based on very early age determinations. This paper reports on the initial results of a comprehensive multi-method dating program undertaken as part of new work at the site, involving radiocarbon dating of charcoal, land snails and marine shell, cryptotephra investigations, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments, and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of tooth enamel. The dating s les were collected from the newly exposed and cleaned faces of the upper 7.5 m of the ∼14.0 m-deep McBurney trench, which contain six of the seven major cultural phases that he identified. Despite problems of sediment transport and reworking, using a Bayesian statistical model the new dating program establishes a robust framework for the five major lithostratigraphic units identified in the stratigraphic succession, and for the major cultural units. The age of two anatomically modern human mandibles found by McBurney in Layer XXXIII near the base of his Levalloiso-Mousterian phase can now be estimated to between 73 and 65 ka (thousands of years ago) at the 95.4% confidence level, within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. McBurney's Layer XXV, associated with Upper Palaeolithic Dabban blade industries, has a clear stratigraphic relationship with C anian Ignimbrite tephra. Microlithic Oranian technologies developed following the climax of the Last Glacial Maximum and the more microlithic Capsian in the Younger Dryas. Neolithic pottery and perhaps domestic livestock were used in the cave from the mid Holocene but there is no certain evidence for plant cultivation until the Graeco-Roman period.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Emma Tomlinson.