ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7909-0464
Current Organisation
The University of Auckland
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00737-016-0629-1
Abstract: Antenatal depression is a known risk factor for postnatal depression both are common disorders associated with negative impacts on child development. Few studies have followed up women from pregnancy and through the postnatal period to explore how rates of depression change. This review evaluates recent evidence on depression during pregnancy and after childbirth. A search of Embase, PsychINFO, MEDLINE and Cochrane Reviews was carried out to identify longitudinal studies on antenatal and postnatal depression. Studies that measured depression during pregnancy and up to 1 year after childbirth were evaluated against a set of criteria (e.g. less than 50 % attrition). Of the initial 523 studies identified, 16 studies met the final inclusion criteria with a total of 35,419 women. The average rate of antenatal depression across these studies was 17 and 13 % postnatal depression. The longitudinal nature of the studies revealed that on average 39 % of those who experienced antenatal depression went on to have postnatal depression. Similarly, on average, 47 % of those with postnatal depression had also experienced antenatal depression. On average, almost 7 % of women reported significant depressive symptoms in pregnancy that persisted after childbirth. The review provided evidence that rates of depression tend to be higher during pregnancy than in the first year following childbirth. Furthermore, the longitudinal data show that there is much movement between the groups categorised as depressed or not depressed. There is evidence that postnatal depression is often a continuation of existing antenatal depression.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA.2012.01.005
Abstract: Approximately half the world's population can now speak more than one language. Understanding the neural basis of language organisation in bilinguals, and whether the cortical networks involved during language processing differ from that of monolinguals, is therefore an important area of research. A main issue concerns whether L2 (second language) is processed using the same neural mechanisms that mediate L1 (first language) processing. Moderating factors include the age of L2 acquisition and the level of proficiency. Here we used a lexical decision task with five conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate language processing in eight late proficient bilinguals when using Macedonian (L1) and English (L2). Bilinguals had greater bilateral activation during both L1 and L2 processing, and therefore weaker language lateralisation, compared to matched control English monolinguals. A greater amount of overall activation was also seen in bilinguals, especially during L2 conditions. Late proficient bilinguals living in their L2 environment employ a more extensive neural network than monolinguals when processing their second language.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00060-7
Abstract: A longitudinal investigation of risk factors for early- and late-onset dental fear was conducted. Early-onset dental fear was related to conditioning experiences (indexed via caries level and tooth loss), service use patterns, stress reactive personality and specific beliefs about health professionals. Late-onset dental fear was related to aversive conditioning experiences, irregular service use and an external locus of control. In contrast to recent findings for dental anxiety, personality factors were not strongly related to the onset of dental fear in young adulthood. The key role played by conditioning events in the development of both early- and late-onset dental fear was confirmed. Conditioning events appear to play a different role in the development of dental fear vs dental anxiety. This may reflect important, but largely ignored differences between these two closely-related constructs. Interventions for early-onset dental fear should aim to modify both the dental fear and the personality vulnerabilities that may contribute to the development of dental fear early in the life-course.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA.2015.05.007
Abstract: Empirical studies indicate a link between creativity and schizotypal personality traits, where in iduals who score highly on schizotypy measures also display greater levels of creative behaviour. However, the exact nature of this relationship is not yet clear, with only a few studies examining this association using neuroimaging methods. In the present study, the neural substrates of creative thinking were assessed with a drawing task paradigm in healthy in iduals using fMRI. These regions were then statistically correlated with the participants' level of schizotypy as measured by the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE), which is a questionnaire consisting of four dimensions. Neural activations associated with the creativity task were observed in bilateral inferior temporal gyri, left insula, left parietal lobule, right angular gyrus, as well as regions in the prefrontal cortex. This widespread pattern of activation suggests that creative thinking utilises multiple neurocognitive networks, with creative production being the result of collaboration between these regions. Furthermore, the correlational analyses found the Unusual Experiences factor of the O-LIFE to be the most common dimension associated with these areas, followed by the Impulsive Nonconformity dimension. These correlations were negative, indicating that in iduals who scored the highest in these factors displayed the least amount of activation when performing the creative task. This is in line with the idea that 'less is more' for creativity, where the deactivation of specific cortical areas may facilitate creativity. Thus, these findings contribute to the evidence of a common neural basis between creativity and schizotypy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-01-2012
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYR206
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CORTEX.2016.04.011
Abstract: Neuroimaging research into the brain structure of schizophrenia patients has shown consistent reductions in grey matter volume relative to healthy controls. Examining structural differences in in iduals with high levels of schizotypy may help elucidate the course of disorder progression, and provide further support for the schizotypy-schizophrenia continuum. Thus far, the few studies investigating grey matter differences in schizotypy have produced inconsistent results. In the current study, we used a multivariate partial least squares (PLS) approach to clarify the relationship between psychometric schizotypy (measured by the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences) and grey matter volume in 49 healthy adults. We found a negative association between all schizotypy dimensions and grey matter volume in the frontal and temporal lobes, as well as the insula. We also found a positive association between all schizotypy dimensions and grey matter volume in the parietal and temporal lobes, and in subcortical regions. Further correlational analyses revealed that positive and disorganised schizotypy were strongly associated with key regions (left superior temporal gyrus and insula) most consistently reported to be affected in schizophrenia and schizotypy. We also compared PLS with the typically used General Linear Model (GLM) and demonstrate that PLS can be reliably used as an extension to voxel-based morphometry (VBM) data. This may be particularly valuable for schizotypy research due to PLS' ability to detect small, but reliable effects. Together, the findings indicate that healthy schizotypal in iduals exhibit structural changes in regions associated with schizophrenia. This adds to the evidence of an overlap of phenotypic expression between schizotypy and schizophrenia, and may help establish biological endophenotypes for the disorder.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-03-2016
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-016-2191-X
Abstract: Objectives Antenatal and postnatal depression can lead to poor outcomes for women and their children. The aim of this study was to explore whether risk factors differ for depression symptoms that are present during pregnancy and/or after childbirth. Methods An ethnically and socioeconomically erse s le of 5301 women completed interviews during the third trimester of pregnancy and 9 months after childbirth. Depression symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Depression symptoms (defined as EPDS >12) among participants and associations with pre-pregnancy and pregnancy maternal characteristics were explored using logistic regression. Results The rate of antenatal depression symptoms (ADS) only was 8.5, 5% of women had depression symptoms at 9 months postpartum (PDS) only and 3% experienced depression symptoms at both time points. Perceived stress and Pacific or Asian ethnicity were risk factors for ADS and PDS. Anxiety during and before pregnancy was a risk factor for ADS only while having a pre-pregnancy diagnosis of depression was a risk factor for PDS only. Having ADS increased the odds ratio of PDS by 1.5 (95% CI 1.01-2.30). Conclusions The results supported evidence from previous longitudinal studies that depression symptoms appear to be higher during pregnancy than in the first year following childbirth. The study found that PDS may often be a continuation or recurrence of ADS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-03-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1288128
Abstract: The Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form (IBQ-R VSF Putnam, Helbig, Gartstein, Rothbart, & Leerkes, 2014 ) is a newly published measure of infant temperament with a 3-factor structure. Recently Peterson et al. ( 2017 ) suggested that a 5-factor structure (Positive Affectivity/Surgency, Negative Emotionality, Orienting Capacity, Affiliation/Regulation, and Fear) was more parsimonious and showed promising reliability and predictive validity in a large, erse s le. However, little is known about the 5-factor model's precision across the temperament dimensions range and whether it discriminates equally well across ethnicities. A total of 5,567 mothers responded to the IBQ-R VSF in relation to their infants (N = 5,639) between 23 and 52 weeks old. Using item response theory, we conducted a series of 2 parameter logistic item response models and found that 5 IBQ-R VSF temperament dimensions showed a good distribution of estimates across each latent trait range and these estimates centered close to the population mean. The IBQ-R VSF was also similarly precise across 4 ethnic groups (European, Māori, Pacific peoples, and Asians), suggesting that it can be used as comparable measure for infant temperament in a ersity of ethnic groups.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-04-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2011.588182
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the neural substrates of an adult English-German bilingual with dyslexia (in both languages) during lexical decision-making using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A lexical decision task with five conditions in a block design was employed (nonverbal shape judgment, lettercase judgment, regular word judgment, irregular word judgment, and nonword judgment), and the activation was compared to a non-dyslexic control bilingual and a control monolingual participant. Both of the control participants matched the dyslexic bilingual BK on age, sex, IQ, handedness, and education level. Results indicated that the bilingual adult with dyslexia was strongly right lateralized for stimuli that required phonological processing, a profile that differed particularly from the activation observed from the monolingual participant. These results are consistent with the idea of increased activation (mostly in the right hemisphere) during linguistic tasks in adults with dyslexia and in late proficient bilinguals relative to monolinguals. Findings also suggest that the additional activation observed in both of the bilinguals are similar, suggesting that these effects are not additive in the dyslexic bilingual.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2015.06.009
Abstract: Depression during pregnancy has significant implications for pregnancy outcomes and maternal and child health. There is a need to identify which family, physical and mental health factors are associated with depression during pregnancy. An ethnically and socioeconomically erse s le of 5664 pregnant women living in New Zealand completed a face-to-face interview during the third trimester. Antenatal depression (AD) symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Maternal demographic, physical and mental health, and family and relationship characteristics were measured. The association between symptoms of AD and maternal characteristics was determined using multiple logistic regression. 11.9% of the participating women had EPDS scores (13+) that indicated probable AD. When considering sociodemographic predictors of AD symptoms, we found that women from non-European ethnicities, specifically Pacific Islander, Asian and other, were more likely to suffer from AD symptoms. Greater perceived stress during pregnancy and a diagnosis of anxiety both before and during pregnancy were also associated with greater odds of having AD according to the EPDS. The women were in their third trimester of pregnancy at the interview. Therefore, we cannot discount the possibility of recall bias for questions relating to pre-pregnancy status or early-pregnancy behaviours. AD is prevalent amongst New Zealand women. Ethnicity, perceived stress and anxiety are particularly associated with a greater likelihood of depression during pregnancy. Further attention to supporting maternal mental health status in the antenatal period is required.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-10-2018
Abstract: When fathers live away from their children, taking an active paternal role may become challenging and can add to paternal psychological distress. In a large ( N = 3,980) erse cohort, we found that nonresident fathers are more likely to be psychologically distressed than resident fathers (27.4% vs. 15.2%) and more likely to report wanting a change in the level of involvement they have in their child’s life (76.6% vs. 58.1%). Nonresident fathers were more likely to suffer economic hardship, unemployment, poor health, and have a depression and anxiety history ( ps .001). However, the factors associated with increased psychological distress were largely the same across resident and nonresident fathers. The biggest stressors were managing work alongside family responsibilities and commitments, arguments with the partner, prior history of depression, and economic hardship or deprivation. Fathers’ actual levels of involvement and desired levels of involvement with their child did not predict their psychological distress.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-11-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-016-0176-2
Abstract: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a popular standardised instrument typically used for screening psychopathology in children and adolescents. However, peer reviewed studies evaluating the psychometric properties of the parent-rated preschool SDQ are lacking. The current study involved mothers of 5481 2 year olds (52 % male) from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort, and investigated the psychometric properties of the preschool SDQ within this cohort. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the SDQ's factor structure and test for measurement invariance of the factor model. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the subscales and total difficulties scale. We found support for a modified five-factor model, in which the prosocial factor was extended into a positive construal factor by allowing cross-loadings of reverse-scored items. Full measurement invariance was found across gender and socioeconomic status, and partial invariance was found across mother's ethnicity. Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory for all subscales (α range = 0.71-0.84), except peer problems (α = 0.54). Normative scores and bandings for normal, borderline and abnormal ranges are described for each subscale. Analyses revealed group differences in scores for child's gender, mother's ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Overall, satisfactory psychometric properties were found for the preschool SDQ in 2 year olds, indicating that that the questionnaire can be used in very young children.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-05-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-03-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1287709
Abstract: The Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised-Very Short Form (IBQ-R VSF Putnam, Helbig, Gartstein, Rothbart, & Leerkes, 2014 ) is a new publicly available measure of infant temperament measuring positive affectivity/surgency (PAS), negative emotionality (NEG), and orienting and regulatory capacity (ORC). Although the initial psychometric properties of the 3-factor model appear promising, it has not been administered to a large and erse s le and its predictive validity has not been established. This study administered the IBQ-R VSF to a erse s le of 5,639 mothers of infants aged between 23 and 52 weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis found that the 3-factor solution did not meet the requirement for satisfactory model fit. Exploratory factor analysis found that a 5-factor solution (PAS, NEG, Orienting Capacity, Affiliation/Regulation, and Fear) was statistically and conceptually the most parsimonious. All 5 temperament dimensions were found to relate to both mother- and partner-reported infant closeness, parenting confidence, and parenting satisfaction, and four of the dimensions (PAS, Orienting Capacity, NEG, and Fear) related to the infants' communication development. Some parental differences were also found. Together these findings suggest that the 5-factor IBQ-R VSF is a promising measure of infant temperament and is related to parenting perceptions and child language development.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-06-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2018.06.011
Abstract: High levels of alcohol exposure during pregnancy can damage developing brains and influence child behavior and learning. To examine the effects of lower levels of alcohol and very early exposure to alcohol on infant temperament and child behavior. The Growing Up in New Zealand study involves a prospective birth cohort of 6822 pregnant women of whom 6156 provided information on their child's temperament using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R VSF) at 9 months and their child's behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 2 years. A series of adjusted linear regression models controlling for socio-demographic factors found alcohol consumption during pregnancy was most consistently related to Lower Positive Affect, Affiliation/Regulation, and Orienting Capacity temperament scores. Mothers who stopped drinking after becoming aware of their pregnancy, but had an unplanned pregnancy (hence may have a baby exposed to alcohol for longer), also reported infants with lower Orienting Capacity, Affiliation/Regulation, and Fear temperament scores compared to those that did not drink. Children whose mothers drank four or more drinks per week during pregnancy were more likely to report their child as having conduct problems, with higher total difficulties scores at age 2. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy has a negative effect especially on infant temperament, even if small amounts of alcohol are consumed. Our findings have implications for men and women who drink, medical professionals, and for the availability of contraception to those who drink, but do not plan to get pregnant.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-018-0816-6
Abstract: Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcomes later in life. Child behavioural difficulties at 2 years of age (N = 6246) were assessed by mothers enrolled in a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort study. 10.1% of children had total difficulties scores in the abnormal range on the preschool version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. After controlling for maternal education, poverty, and child's birth age/weight, several antenatal and postnatal maternal health and family risk factors were significant for: (i) emotional problems (antenatal maternal perceived stress, lack of periconceptional folate, and moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety) (ii) hyperactivity-inattention (antenatal maternal perceived stress, mothers' antenatal exposure to secondhand smoke, moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety, and low maternal self-evaluation) (iii) conduct problems and total difficulties (antenatal maternal perceived stress, verbal inter-parental conflict and low maternal self-evaluation). The identification of risk and protective factors associated with early childhood difficulties are vital for guiding intervention and prevention efforts.
No related grants have been discovered for Karen Waldie.