ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7207-0233
Current Organisations
Telethon Kids Institute
,
Beihang University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JGAR.2022.06.022
Abstract: Iraq has suffered unrest and conflicts in the past decades, leaving behind a weakened healthcare system. In 2018, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) opened a tertiary orthopaedic care centre in Mosul providing reconstructive surgery with access to microbiological analysis. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of microbiological and clinical data of patients admitted between April 2018 and December 2019. There were 174 patients who were included in this study there were more males than females (135 to 38, respectively), and the mean age was 32.6 y. Of the 174 patients, the majority had more than one bacterial isolate detected (n = 122, 70.1%) 141 (81.0%) had at least one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate detected during their hospital stay. Staphylococcus aureus (n = 197, 48.2%) was the most common organism isolated. Overall, most isolates detected were MDR (n = 352, 86%), mostly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (n = 186, 52.8%) or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (n = 117, 33.2%). Among patients admitted to the operating department (n = 111, 63.7%), 81.1% (n = 90) were admitted for violent trauma injuries. Patients who had more than one procedure performed per surgery had significantly increased odds of having at least one MDR organism isolated (OR 8.66, CI 1.10-68.20, P = 0.03). This study describes a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in patients with trauma-related wounds in Mosul, Iraq. It highlights the importance of microbiological analysis and ongoing surveillance to provide optimal treatment. Additionally, it underscores the importance of infection prevention and control measures as well as antibiotic stewardship.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-11-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0260096
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health threat. In Afghanistan, high levels of indiscriminate antibiotic use exist, and healthcare programmes are not informed by understanding of local attitudes towards rational antibiotic use. Médecins Sans Frontières is an international non-governmental organization providing healthcare services to the Ahmad Shah Baba (ASB) District Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, since 2009. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the perceptions and attitudes toward antibiotics among patients, prescribers, and pharmacists in the ASB District hospital outpatient department. Knowledge of antibiotics including their purpose and function, how and why they are used, and drivers for choice of antibiotic was examined at patient, prescriber, and provider-level. The first phase of the study, an exploratory qualitative component using an interpretative approach, was used to inform the second phase, a structured survey. Thirty-six interviews were conducted with 39 participants (21 patients or caretakers and 18 hospital health workers). Three hundred and fifty-one (351) patients and caretakers completed the second phase, the structured survey. This study found that poor knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance is a driving factor for inappropriate use of antibiotics. Participant perceptions of living in a polluted environment drove the high demand and perceived ‘need’ for antibiotics: patients, doctors and pharmacists alike consider dirty and dusty living conditions as causes of ‘disease’ in the body, requiring antibiotics to ‘clean’ and ‘strengthen’ it. Findings highlight the need for strategies to improve awareness and knowledge of the general public, improve practice of doctors and pharmacists, regulate antibiotic dispensing in private pharmacies, and implement antibiotic stewardship in hospitals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-09-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-09-2022
Abstract: With safely managed water accessible to only 19% of the population in Ghana, the majority of its residents are at risk of drinking contaminated water. Furthermore, this water could be a potential vehicle for the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study assessed the presence of bacteria and the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in drinking-water sources using membrane filtration and Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion methods. A total of 524 water s les were analyzed for total coliforms, total heterotrophic bacteria, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. S les included sachets, bottled water, tap water, borehole and well water. Most of the sachet and bottled water s les were within the limits of Ghana’s standards for safe drinking water for the parameters tested. Over 50% of tap and borehole water was also free of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Overall, of 115 E. coli isolates from tap and ground water s les, most were resistant to cefuroxime (88.7%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (62.6%) and amoxicillin–clavulanate (52.2%). P. aeruginosa isolates were most resistant to aztreonam (48%). Multidrug resistance was predominantly seen among E. coli isolates (58%). Evidence from this study calls for routine antimicrobial resistance surveillance in drinking water across the country and additional treatment of water sources at household levels.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-06-2019
DOI: 10.1017/DMP.2019.39
Abstract: The capacity to rapidly distinguish Ebola virus disease from other infectious diseases and to monitor biochemistry and viremia levels is crucial to the clinical management of suspected Ebola virus disease cases. This article describes the design and practical considerations of a laboratory straddling the high- and low-risk zones of an Ebola treatment center to produce timely diagnostic and clinical results for informed case management of Ebola virus disease in real-life conditions. This innovation may be of relevance for actors requiring flexible laboratory implementation in contexts of high-communicability, high-lethality disease outbreaks.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2029
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Date: 21-03-2020
DOI: 10.5588/PHA.19.0068
Abstract: Setting: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in five hospitals and five health centres in Lusaka, Zambia, which transitioned from daily entry of paper-based data records to an electronic medical record (EMR) system by dedicated data staff (Electronic-Last) to direct real-time data entry into the EMR by frontline health workers (Electronic-First). Objective: To compare completeness and accuracy of key HIV-related variables before and after transition of data entry from Electronic-Last to Electronic-First. Design: Comparative cross-sectional study using existing secondary data. Results: Registration data (e.g., date of birth) was 100% complete and pharmacy data (e.g., antiretroviral therapy regimen) was % complete under both approaches. Completeness of anthropometric and vital sign data was % across all facilities under Electronic-Last, and this worsened after Electronic-First. Completeness of TB screening and World Health Organization clinical staging data was also %, but improved with Electronic-First. Data entry errors for registration and clinical consultations decreased under Electronic-First, but errors increased for all anthropometric and vital sign variables. Patterns were similar in hospitals and health centres. Conclusion: With the notable exception of clinical consultation data, data completeness and accuracy did not improve after transitioning from Electronic-Last to Electronic-First. For anthropometric and vital sign variables, completeness and accuracy decreased. Quality improvement interventions are needed to improve Electronic-First implementation.
Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Date: 21-03-2022
DOI: 10.5588/PHA.21.0071
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The level of antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) is increasing. The 2017–2018 GLASS (Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System) report indicated % resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli in Pakistan. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) supported Timurgara District Hospital, Timurgara, Pakistan, from September 2017 to December 2018. Women aged 18–65 years presenting to the Emergency Department with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI (cystitis yelonephritis) were invited to participate. We conducted microbiological culture and sensitivity testing for s les with positive dipstick or nitrite test. RESULTS: Of the 200 patients who participated, 109 (54.5%) were diagnosed with pyelonephritis and 91 (45.5%) with cystitis. Forty-three s les (21.5%) were culture-positive: E. coli was isolated in 27 s les, Enterococcus spp. in 7 and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6. Overall resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in 51.8% of E. coli isolates, and ceftriaxone resistance in 66.7% of E. coli isolates and in 33.3% of K. pneumoniae . Resistance to fosfomycin was low (one E. coli isolate). CONCLUSIONS: This study found resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics for treating UTIs as per the MSF protocol. Heightened awareness and potential changes to local prescription practices are necessary to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance pathogens causing UTIs.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-03-2011
DOI: 10.1021/LA200013Z
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-07-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Jiping Yang.