ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2922-7498
Current Organisation
International Islamic University Malaysia
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Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.576.446
Abstract: This study focuses on the micromechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with kenaf fiber (KF) and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) hybrid biocomposite by using nanoindenter. Nanoindenter is an analytical device that can record small load and depth with high accuracy and precision which can be used to determine the modulus, hardness and other mechanical properties of nanomaterials. The result shows that the optimum properties of the hardness and elastic modulus were dominated by PLA-KF-OMMT hybrid composite.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-07-2013
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.41-42.183
Abstract: The cyclic fatigue threshold value (Kth) of PVC materials with (PVC-M) and without (PVC-U) impact modifier was determined and compared in air and water environments. The PVCM specimens contain 6 pphr of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) impact modifier. The testing was undertaken at a stress ratio of R=0.1 and fatigue threshold was evaluated at 3 different frequencies: 1Hz, 7Hz and 20Hz. Frequency noticeably affected the fatigue threshold value regardless of the testing environment at low frequency the fatigue threshold of PVC-M was below PVC-U, however, this difference gradually decreased with increasing frequency as Kth of PVC-M increased but Kth of PVC-U remained constant. This trend was accelerated in water where a higher of fatigue threshold, Kth, was also observed. A lower fatigue threshold of PVC-M than PVC-U is associated with the presence of CPE particles. The absorption of water into the PVC matrix was evident with the formation of nodular structures observed on the fracture surface. The presence of the nodular structures (at regions close to the threshold) has retarded the fibrillation of crazes, which then blunted the crack propagation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2023
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.445.469
Abstract: In this work, biodegradable polymer was prepared from thermoplastic sago starch (TPSS) plasticized with glycerol. In order to improve the properties of the TPSS, Montmorillonite (MMT), a kind of reinforced additive was used in the preparation of montmorillonite-reinforced thermoplastic sago starch (MTRSS) composites via hot pressing method. The fabricated s les were investigated through X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) as well as thermal and morphological properties. FT-IR patterns show that in the MTRSS composites, the C-O groups of sago starch molecules shifted to higher wave number, while the reactive hydroxyl groups of MMT shifted to the lower wavenumber. On the other hand, X-ray diffraction revealed that MMT restrained the crystallization of MTRSS and intercalated in TPSS. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of MTRSS was better than those of TPSS. In addition, the scanning electron micrograph results show that MMT were uniformly dispersed in the TPSS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2009
DOI: 10.1002/PEN.21547
Publisher: Author(s)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4965056
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.576.390
Abstract: This study shows the effect of using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent on composite of RPP/MCC fiber. The compositions of MCC were varied from 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 wt%. The compounded s les were prepared into test specimens by using injection moulding. The RPP/MCC composites with and without the coupling agent were characterized through mechanical testing of flexural and impact test. The incorporation of the modified MCC was found to increase the modulus and flexural strength. The flexural test indicates that the addition of 4 wt% MCC-APS and 8 wt% MCC-MAPP significantly increased the flexural strength of the RPP composite compared to the unmodified MCC. The impact test shows higher impact strength at 4 wt% of RPP/MCC-APS and 2 wt% of RPP/MCC-MAPP, respectively.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.894.62
Abstract: Effects of irradiated rPP compatibilizer, on the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites (rPP/MCC), are investigated. rPP is irradiated with an electron beam at dosages ranging from 10, 20, 30 to 50kGy. A matrix, containing of unirradiated and irradiated rPP (50:50 by ratio), is then added to 5, 20 and 40wt% MCC fibres. The composites are prepared using a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The properties are then characterized using tensile and thermal degradation tests. The improvement of Young’s modulus by up to about 45% suggests a compatibilising effect of the irradiated rPP. Fracture surface observations reveal an adhesion between rPP matrix and MCC fibres. However, the thermal stability deteriorated with the addition of MCC and irradiated rPP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1002/PEN.21369
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2017
Publisher: Penerbit UTM Press
Date: 26-07-2022
DOI: 10.11113/JURNALTEKNOLOGI.V84.18215
Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystasl (CNC) were produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) using double oxidation treatment comprising bleaching and ammonium persulfate (APS) treatments. Different techniques were used to characterise the extracted CNC. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the formation of carboxyl group and decreasing fractions of non-cellulosic components. The CNCs from both fibres show a better crystallinity index than the raw fibre, and the CNCs also conform to the crystalline structure of cellulose I. Morphology analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that the CNCs of EFB and PALF have different shapes and dimensions. Spherical EFB had a 16.33 ± 8.5 nm diameter, while rod-like PALF had 13.07 ± 6.15 nm and 78.67 ± 38.07 nm diameter and length. However, the thermal stability of both CNCs decreased slightly. Hence, the findings indicate that the double oxidation approach using agricultural biomass wastes can work as an alternative route for the preparation of CNCs.
Publisher: Penerbit UTM Press
Date: 21-11-2016
DOI: 10.11113/JT.V78.9936
Abstract: Petroleum based packaging materials has raised environmental concerns due to its non-environmentally friendly degradation. Conventional plastic takes a long time to degrade and remains in the waste dump. Since then, attention to biodegradable plastics has been heightened for its greener degradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a renewable polymer with mechanical properties comparable to those of the conventional plastics. This study aims to improve the mechanical and thermal properties and reducing the cost of PLA production by blending PLA with starch as filler and epoxy palm oil (EPO) as plasticizer. The PLA/starch/EPO blends were prepared by solution casting and melt blending methods and properties of the blends were studied and characterized. The thermal properties of plasticized PLA/starch were investigated by Differential Screening Calorimetry (DSC) followed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) in order to observe the degree of interaction of plasticized PLA/starch blend. The mechanical properties were investigated using Universal Tensile Test
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.894.76
Abstract: Nanostructured coatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior characteristics that are not typically found in conventional coatings. This research aimed at developing a new and improved coating that employs zinc oxide nanopowder as the agent to achieve corrosion resistant properties for a coating. The research project discusses on its corrosion behaviour of epoxy-zinc oxide in different media by measuring its corrosion rate. Mild carbon steel was used as the substrate for the epoxy-zinc oxide coating. The corrosion behavior mechanism of mild steel was investigated in different media, namely fresh water, NaCl solution, HCl solution and NaOH solution. Immersion test was conducted and studied for a period of 60 days, with daily and weekly weighing and immersing. The corrosion rate was calculated and mild steel corrodes in the different environment and degrades in the following trend HCl → NaCl → NaOH → H 2 O.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Date: 31-12-2021
Publisher: IIUM Press
Date: 02-12-2019
DOI: 10.31436/IIUMEJ.V20I2.1066
Abstract: The unconventional electron beam (EB) irradiation route in preparing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites was studied. In this route, the rPP was first subjected to EB irradiation at various doses (10-50kGy) and was then used as a compatibilizer. Unirradiated and irradiated rPPs were blended at two different ratios (90:10 50:50) and added with MCC at contents of 5, 20 and 40wt%. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and water absorption tests were carried out. The DMA spectra exhibited high stiffness and d ing behaviour. As the content of MCC increased, the water resistance of composites dropped slightly as compared to the controlled rPP. However, some compositions (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) had shown opposite results. The improvement in the studied properties proved the existence of the compatibility effect that occurred at low irradiation doses, and also depended on the ratio (unirradiated and irradiated rPP) and MCC contents. ABSTRAK: Kaedah sinaran gelombang elektron secara bukan konvensional dalam penyediaan komposit polipropilena kitar semula (rPP) bersama serat selulosa mikrohablur (MCC) telah dikaji. Dalam kaedah ini, rPP telah didedahkan kepada sinaran gelombang elektron dengan dos yang berbeza (10-50kGy) dan kemudiannya digunakan sebagai penserasi. rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar telah dic ur dengan nisbah (90:10 50:50) dan ditambah dengan MCC pada kandungan 5, 20 and 40wt%. Analisis dinamik mekanikal (DMA) dan ujian penyerapan air telah dijalankan. Spektrum DMA menunjukkan sifat kekakuan dan pengenduran yang tinggi. Apabila kandungan MCC bertambah, kerintangan komposit terhadap air berkurang sedikit berbanding rPP terkawal. Bagaimanapun sebahagian komposisi (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) telah menunjukkan keputusan sebaliknya. Penambahbaikan sifat bahan dalam kajian ini membuktikan kewujudan kesan keserasian yang berlaku pada dos sinaran rendah, dan juga bergantung kepada nisbah (rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar) dan kandungan MCC.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PC.24430
Abstract: The poor compatibility between a thermoplastic matrix and natural fiber reinforcement has been a limitation in the optimization of natural fiber‐filled composites. Electron beam irradiation is used to modify the structure of materials. However, most researches have focused on the effect of irradiation after the fabrication of composites. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of irradiated recycled polypropylene (i‐rPP) as a compatibilizer in recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites. The rPP were irradiated at different doses before the compounding process. The rPP matrices were prepared by mixing the unirradiated and irradiated rPP at ratios of 90:10 and 50:50, before they were compounded with different amounts of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers (5, 20, and 40 wt%). Radiation crosslinking, functional groups, radical formations, thermal, and impact strength characterizations were carried out. The results showed that the simultaneous incorporation of the i‐rPP and MCC fibers significantly improved the impact resistance of the rPP. The synergistic combination of a higher MCC content (40 wt%) and low irradiation dose (10 kGy) at a ratio of 50:50 caused a higher degree of crosslinking and a lower radical concentration. The thermal stability was acceptable and the sub‐impact fracture surface analysis revealed the effects of crack blunting. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E24–E34, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.812.187
Abstract: Recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose (rPP/MCC) composites were prepared by adding different loadings of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. The tensile, impact and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. The obtained results show that the tensile and impact strengths of the composites were significantly enhanced with the addition of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt%, as compared with unfilled rPP/MCC composites. However, it was found that at low filler content, different amounts of MAPP resulted in no appreciable change in the tensile strength and modulus. Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicated that, increasing the amount of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt% in rPP/MCC provide better stiffness of the composite compared to those neat rPP and neat PP. Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) has shown that the composite, with MAPP loading, promotes better fibermatrix interaction.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.812.241
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites containing polypropylene (PP) as the polymer matrix and nanofiller aluminium hydroxide (ATH) as the flame retardant filler were compounded with various loading of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, MAPP (0, 1, 2, 3, 5 wt %). All materials were mixed using melt mixing process and were further prepared using an injection moulding machine. The mechanical performances of the s les were characterized using tensile and impact tests. Improvements were observed for the tensile and impact properties of the PP/ATH s les after being loaded with MAPP. MAPP loading of 1 wt % was determined to be the optimum content of coupling agent addition as this loading enabled the best performance of the nanocomposite in tensile and impact tests. Different morphologies of the fracture surfaces for all s les were characterized using FESEM analysis.
Start Date: 2014
End Date: 2017
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 2014
Funder: International Islamic University Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2013
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 2015
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 2015
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2011
End Date: 2012
Funder: International Islamic University Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2016
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 2015
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
View Funded Activity