ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5359-2455
Current Organisations
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
,
Monash University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2016.12.004
Abstract: The risk of low back pain and injury during manual materials handling is increased if personnel are not physically capable of safely performing such tasks. To establish predictive relationships and develop a test cut-score, 69 participants performed a critical military lifting task to a 1.5-m platform (pack lift) and two task-related predictive tests (box lift to 1.5 m and 1.3 m). The pack lift was strongly correlated with both the 1.5-m (R
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2020
Abstract: It is the position of Sports Dietitians Australia (SDA) that exercise in hot and/or humid environments, or with significant clothing and/or equipment that prevents body heat loss (i.e., exertional heat stress), provides significant challenges to an athlete’s nutritional status, health, and performance. Exertional heat stress, especially when prolonged, can perturb thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. Heat acclimation or acclimatization provides beneficial adaptations and should be undertaken where possible. Athletes should aim to begin exercise euhydrated. Furthermore, preexercise hyperhydration may be desirable in some scenarios and can be achieved through acute sodium or glycerol loading protocols. The assessment of fluid balance during exercise, together with gastrointestinal tolerance to fluid intake, and the appropriateness of thirst responses provide valuable information to inform fluid replacement strategies that should be integrated with event fuel requirements. Such strategies should also consider fluid availability and opportunities to drink, to prevent significant under- or overconsumption during exercise. Postexercise beverage choices can be influenced by the required timeframe for return to euhydration and co-ingestion of meals and snacks. Ingested beverage temperature can influence core temperature, with cold/icy beverages of potential use before and during exertional heat stress, while use of menthol can alter thermal sensation. Practical challenges in supporting athletes in teams and traveling for competition require careful planning. Finally, specific athletic population groups have unique nutritional needs in the context of exertional heat stress (i.e., youth, endurance/ultra-endurance athletes, and para-sport athletes), and specific adjustments to nutrition strategies should be made for these population groups.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-019-04199-2
Abstract: To determine the impact of altering dietary sodium intake for 3 days preceding exercise on sweat sodium concentration [Na Fifteen male endurance athletes (runners n = 8, cyclists n = 7) consumed a low (LNa, 15 mg kg UNa on days 2-3 pre-exercise [mean (95% CI) LNa 16 (12-19) mg kg Three day altered sodium intake influenced urinary sodium excretion and sweat [Na
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-07-2016
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001504
Abstract: Beck, B, Carstairs, GL, Billing, DC, Caldwell, JN, and Middleton, KJ. Modifiable anthropometric characteristics are associated with unilateral and bilateral carry performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 489–494, 2017—A mismatch between physical ability and task requirements can increase the risk of on-the-job injury. Therefore, understanding key anthropometric characteristics associated with job performance is important in developing targeted training programs and selecting employees in physically demanding occupations. The aims of this study were to understand which anthropometric and demographic (age/sex) characteristics were associated with performance in a unilateral stretcher carry and bilateral jerry can and kettle bell carries. Sixty-seven enlisted Australian Army soldiers (46 men and 21 women) participated in this investigation. Body composition was quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Univariate and multivariable regression techniques were used to quantify correlations between anthropometric characteristics and carry performance. Median carry distance was 650 m (interquartile range [IQR] = 425–1,025 m) in the stretcher carry, 300 m (IQR = 215–445 m) in the jerry can carry, and 265 m (IQR = 200–400 m) in the kettle bell carry. Univariate analyses demonstrated that whole body, trunk, upper arm, forearm, and leg lean mass, as well as stature and body mass were associated with performance across the 3 carry tasks. Of these, leg lean mass was shown to be a key characteristic associated with carry performance. Subsequently, it is suggested that training programs focus on whole-body lean mass with specific emphasis on leg lean mass. Additionally, we demonstrated that age and sex were not significantly associated with carry performance when controlling for leg lean mass, indicating that modifiable factors can be targeted in training programs to improve job performance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-007-0659-5
Abstract: The hottest months on northern Australian cattle stations are from September to November, and it is during these months that horseback cattle mustering occurs. Stockmen wear clothing that restricts heat loss, and protective helmets have recently been introduced. Anecdotal evidence points to the possibility that helmets may increase the probability of developing heat illness, or reducing workplace performance. In this project, we quantified the working (thermal) environment on such cattle stations, and measured the metabolic demands on, and concurrent physiological strain in stockmen during mustering, whilst wearing an equestrian helmet. During horseback work, the average heart rate was 102.0 beats min(-1) (SD 14.0), with almost 90% of the time (238 min) spent working at intensities <50% of the heart rate reserve. The projected metabolic heat production during mustering ranged between 178 and 333 W (women), and between 212 and 542 W (men). The average core temperature was 37.6 degrees C, while the mean skin temperature averaged 34.1 degrees C. It was concluded that the working environment is, on average, thermally uncompensable during the mustering season. However, horseback mustering per se is a relatively low-intensity activity, interspersed with short periods of high-intensity work. This activity level was reflected within core temperatures, which rarely climbed above values associated with light-moderate exercise. Thus, whilst the climatic state was uncompensable, stockmen used behavioural strategies to minimise the risk of heat illness. Finally, it was observed that the helmet, though unpleasant to wear, did not appear to increase thermal strain in a manner that would disadvantage stockmen.
Publisher: Aerospace Medical Association
Date: 11-2008
Abstract: It is generally accepted that the palmar (volar) and dorsal surfaces of human hands display different sudomotor responses to mental or thermal stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that, during thermal stimulation, secretion from the dorsal surfaces would always exceed that from the volar aspect of the hand. Sweat secretion from 10 hand sites and the forehead was examined (ventilated capsules) in 10 subjects during passive heating (climate chamber: 36 degrees C, 60% relative humidity, water-perfusion suit: 40 degrees C) immediately followed by incremental cycling to volitional fatigue. This treatment significantly increased core temperature (39.3 degrees C), heart rate (178 bpm), and sweat rate at all sites. Mean sweat secretion during exercise was greater at the forehead (2.90 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1) +/- 0.19) than the hand (1.49 mg x cm(-2) min(-1) +/- 0.27). While no significant differences in sweating were observed among dorsal sites, a nonuniform secretion pattern was observed across the volar surface, with sweating at the palm being the lowest, and that from the volar aspect of the distal phalanges being equivalent to the dorsal hand. These differences became more evident as exercise progressed. Mean hand sweat rate during exercise was 41.7 ml x h(-1), with sweating from the palm accounting for only about 6% of sweat secretion. Sweat secretion from both the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand increases during exercise in the heat, although this occurs in a nonuniform fashion. It is possible that a greater sweat gland density on the fingers may account for variations across the volar surface. However, higher dorsal sweating with lower gland counts (high glandular flow) may be attributable to either larger sweat glands, or to a greater cholinergic sensitivity of these glands.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002113
Abstract: Beck, B, Middleton, KJ, Billing, DC, Caldwell, JN, and Carstairs, GL. Understanding anthropometric characteristics associated with performance in manual lifting tasks. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 755–761, 2019—Manual lifting is an essential military job task and is commonly linked to occupational injury. Methods to reduce injury risk focus on ensuring that employees have the requisite physical capacity to safely conduct critical job tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate which anthropometric characteristics are associated with lifting performance to inform targeted training programs for job-critical lifting tasks. Sixty-three (42 men and 21 women) participants conducted 3 maximal lifts to a platform (pack lift to 1.5 m, box lift to 1.3 m and box lift to 1.5 m). A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan was used to quantify anthropometric characteristics (body region–specific lean mass and fat mass). Although anthropometric measures were strongly associated with each other, multivariable linear regression revealed that a significant proportion of the total variation in lifting performance in each of the 3 tasks was explained by upper-arm lean mass (pack lift: β = 5.42, p 0.001 box lift 1.3 m: β = 5.64, p 0.001 box lift 1.5 m: β = 7.00, p 0.001). Leg lean mass also significantly contributed to the variation of pack lift performance (β = 0.93, p = 0.01). When controlling for key anthropometric characteristics in these 3 tasks, separate analyses showed no significant effect of sex or stature on lift performance. These results suggest that the perceived limitations of stature and sex may be overcome by targeted training programs to improve specific physical characteristics associated with lifting performance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-014-2940-8
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to describe the unique anatomical and physiological features of the hands and feet that support heat conservation and dissipation, and in so doing, highlight the importance of these appendages in human thermoregulation. For instance, the surface area to mass ratio of each hand is 4-5 times greater than that of the body, whilst for each foot, it is ~3 times larger. This characteristic is supported by vascular responses that permit a theoretical maximal mass flow of thermal energy of 6.0 W (136 W m(2)) to each hand for a 1 °C thermal gradient. For each foot, this is 8.5 W (119 W m(2)). In an air temperature of 27 °C, the hands and feet of resting in iduals can each dissipate 150-220 W m(2) (male-female) of heat through radiation and convection. During hypothermia, the extremities are physiologically isolated, restricting heat flow to <0.1 W. When the core temperature increases ~0.5 °C above thermoneutral (rest), each hand and foot can sweat at 22-33 mL h(-1), with complete evaporation dissipating 15-22 W (respectively). During heated exercise, sweat flows increase (one hand: 99 mL h(-1) one foot: 68 mL h(-1)), with evaporative heat losses of 67-46 W (respectively). It is concluded that these attributes allow the hands and feet to behave as excellent radiators, insulators and evaporators.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-11-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1998645
Abstract: Physically demanding water and over land winch rescues are critical tasks for helicopter paramedics. To assess the physiological demands of winch rescue, 14 intensive care flight paramedics (12 male, 2 female, mean (±SD) age 44.3 (±5.4) years, experience 7.1 (±5.2) years) completed land and water-based task simulations. For the land task, VO
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-012-2340-X
Abstract: In iduals exposed to extreme heat may experience reduced physiological and cognitive performance, even during very light work. This can have disastrous effects on the operational capability of aircrew, but such impairment could be prevented by auxiliary cooling devices. This hypothesis was tested under very hot-dry conditions, in which eight males performed 2 h of low-intensity exercise (~30 W) in three trials, whilst wearing biological and chemical protective clothing: temperate (control: 20°C, 30% relative humidity) and two hot-dry trials (48°C, 20% relative humidity), one without (experimental) and one with liquid cooling (water at 15°C). Physiological strain and six cognitive functions were evaluated (MiniCog Rapid Assessment Battery), and participants drank to sustain hydration state. Maximal core temperatures averaged 37.0°C (±0.1) in the control trial, and were significantly elevated in the experimental trial (38.9°C ± 0.3 P < 0.05). Similarly, heart rates peaked at 92 beats min(-1) (±7) and 133 beats min(-1) (±4 P < 0.05), respectively. Liquid cooling reduced maximal core temperatures (37.3°C ± 0.1 P < 0.05) and heart rates 87 beats min(-1) (±3 P 0.05). However, despite inducing profound hyperthermia and volitional fatigue, no cognitive degradation was evident in the heat (P > 0.05). Since extensive dehydration was prevented, it appears that thermal strain in the absence of dehydration may have minimal impact upon cognitive function, at least as evaluated within this experiment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-12-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 13-08-2014
DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/9/1781
Abstract: The purpose of this project was to design, construct and validate water-displacement plethysmographs for the forearm, hand and foot that could cl segmental skin temperature whilst simultaneously measuring cutaneous blood flow. Two experiments were performed. In the first, the forearm plethysmograph was validated against a mercury-in-silastic plethysmograph under thermoneutral conditions, with and without forearm heating. Cutaneous vascular conductance was elevated almost three-fold by this treatment, however, there were no significant differences between the two forms of plethysmography in either state (P > 0.05). In study two, hand and foot blood flows were measured under cl ed thermoneutral conditions, but with three local skin temperature treatments (5, 25, 40 °C). The hand had significantly higher blood flows than the foot at both 25 °C (4.07 versus 2.20 mL.100 mL( - 1).min( - 1) P < 0.05) and 40 °C (8.20 versus 4.47 mL.100 mL( - 1).min( - 1) P < 0.05). The foot was maximally constricted during the two lower temperatures, yet the cutaneous thermal sensitivity of the hand was almost two-fold greater (P < 0.05). This evidence supports the significant role played by these appendages in heat loss and conservation, and these plethysmographs will now be used to map cutaneous vascular responses (forearm, hand, calf, foot) across combinations of core and local skin temperatures.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-11-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-015-3288-4
Abstract: The inter-relationships between mean body and local skin temperatures have previously been established for controlling hand and foot blood flows. Since glabrous skin contains many arteriovenous anastomoses, it was important to repeat those experiments on non-glabrous regions using the same s le and experimental conditions. Mild hypothermia (mean body temperature 31.4 °C), normothermia (control: 36.0 °C) and moderate hyperthermia (38.3 °C) were induced and cl ed (climate chamber and water-perfusion garment) in eight males. Within each condition, five localised thermal treatments (5, 15, 25, 33, 40 °C) were applied to the left forearm and right calf. Steady-state forearm and calf blood flows were measured (venous occlusion plethysmography) for each of the resulting 15 combinations of cl ed mean body and local skin temperatures. Under the normothermic cl , cutaneous blood flows averaged 4.2 mL 100 mL(-1) min(-1) (±0.28: forearm) and 5.4 mL 100 mL(-1) min(-1) (±0.27: calf). When mildly hypothermic, these segments were unresponsive to localised thermal stimuli, but tracked those changes when normothermic and moderately hyperthermic. For deep-body (oesophageal) temperature elevations, forearm blood flow increased by 5.1 mL 100 mL(-1) min(-1) °C(-1) (±0.9) relative to normothermia, while the calf was much less responsive: 3.3 mL 100 mL(-1) min(-1) °C(-1) (±1.5). Three-dimensional surfaces revealed a qualitative ergence in the control of calf blood flow, with vasoconstrictor tone apparently being released more gradually. These descriptions reinforce the importance of deep-tissue temperatures in controlling cutaneous perfusion, with this modulation being non-linear at the forearm and appearing linear for the calf.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-014-2894-X
Abstract: Much is known about the control of blood flow, yet gaps remain concerning the interactions of deep-body and peripheral thermal feedback. In this experiment, changes in the vascular tone of the hands and feet were mapped to demonstrate the separate and combined influences of mean body and local skin temperature changes. Eight males participated in three trials. Three pre-experimental conditions were established via water immersion (oesophageal temperatures: 36.1, 37.0, 38.5 °C), with core and mean skin temperatures then cl ed (water-perfusion garment) whilst five thermal treatments were applied to the right hand and left foot (5, 15, 25, 33, 40 °C). This yielded 15 thermal combinations under which hand and foot blood flows were measured (displacement plethysmography). Lower volume-specific blood flows were observed at the foot for almost all temperature combinations. When thermoneutral and moderately hyperthermic, the cutaneous thermosensitivity of the hand was significantly greater: thermoneutral: 0.2 vs. 0.1 (foot) mL 100 mL(-1) min(-1) °C(-1) (P < 0.05) moderate hyperthermia: 0.4 vs. 0.2 (foot) mL 100 mL(-1) min(-1) °C(-1) (P < 0.05). The hand was 13 times more responsive to core temperature elevations than an equivalent local skin temperature change. For the foot, this thermosensitivity differed by a factor of 26. These observations identified the hands as heat radiators, with the feet resisting heat loss, and reinforce the dominance of central thermal feedback, particularly in controlling foot blood flow. However, thermosensitivity to local skin temperature changes was highly plastic, site-specific and dictated by thermal and regional variations in vaso- and venoconstrictor tone.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2016.02.002
Abstract: Carrying a casualty on a stretcher is a critical task within military and emergency service occupations. This study evaluated the impact of manipulating carry speed and the object type in bilateral carries on the ability to predict performance and reflect the physical and physiological requirements of a unilateral stretcher carry. We demonstrated that three task-related predictive tests a jerry can carry performed at 4.5 km h(-1)or 5.0 km h(-1) and a kettle-bell carry performed at 5.0 km h(-1) were strongly predictive of the physical and physiological demands of an in idual participating as part of a four-person stretcher carry team. Therefore, bilateral predictive assessments have the utility for predicting the suitability of employees to effectively and safely conduct a four-person unilateral stretcher carry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTHERBIO.2017.02.015
Abstract: In this experiment, hand and forearm vasomotor activity was investigated during localised, but stable heating and cooling of the face, hand and thigh, under open-loop (cl ed) conditions. It was hypothesised that facial stimulation would provoke the most potent vascular changes. Nine in iduals participated in two normothermic trials (mean body temperature cl : 36.6°C water-perfused suit and climate chamber) and two mildly hyperthermic trials (37.9°C). Localised heating (+5°C) and cooling (-5°C) stimuli were applied to equal surface areas of the face, hand and thigh (perfusion patches: 15min), while contralateral forearm or hand blood flows (venous-occlusion plethysmography) were measured (separate trials). Thermal sensation and discomfort votes were recorded before and during each thermal stimulation. When hyperthermic, local heating induced more sensitive vascular responses, with the combined thermosensitivity of both limb segments averaging 0.011mL·100mL
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-01-2020
Abstract: Multidisciplinary management of obesity by primary care paediatricians, providing a promising approach to tackle childhood obesity includes cooperation with other health care professionals. However, facilitators for and barriers to multidisciplinary cooperation in ambulatory care are not yet well understood and are investigated in the present study. A nationwide, cross-sectional survey of 83% of German primary care paediatricians was conducted, using a questionnaire based on qualitative expert interviews. Frequency of paediatricians’ cooperation with external partners (i.e. nutrition counsellors sports groups interdisciplinary obesity centres inpatient rehabilitation centres and endocrinologists) was assessed. In idual and structural factors were associated with cooperation patterns. Missing values were addressed using multiple imputation. Out of the 6081 primary care paediatricians approached, 2024 (33.3%) responded. Almost half of the respondents (40.8%) stated that they disengaged in the field of obesity prevention due to perceived inefficacy. Lack of financial reimbursement for consultation was agreed on by most of the respondents (90.4%). Identified barriers to cooperation included: higher proportion of patients with migration background, lack of time and available services. A more comprehensive conception of the professional role regarding overweight prevention, higher age, female gender, higher proportion of overweight/obese patients and practice location in urban or socially strained areas surfaced as facilitators for cooperation. Low-perceived self-efficacy in obesity management and insufficient financial reimbursement for consultation are commonly stated among German paediatricians. For cooperation behaviour, however, other in idual and structural factors seem to be relevant, which provide indications on how multidisciplinary childhood obesity management can be improved.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTHERBIO.2019.05.001
Abstract: To better understand the relationships between changes in body temperature and displacements of the thermoeffector thresholds (critical temperatures), the passive cooling (and heating) of pre-heated (and pre-cooled) in iduals was investigated. Such experiments are necessary to understand the inter-dependence of those thresholds, and may possibly yield human evidence for the existence of separate central controllers. Eight males participated in four trials two when normothermic, one following pre-experimental heating and the fourth following pre-cooling. Subjects were exposed to passive, whole-body cooling and heating when normothermic (the control trials), and again following pre-heating and pre-cooling (respectively). Cutaneous vasomotor, thermogenic, as well as precursor and discharged sudomotor thresholds from different body segments were compared across those dynamic thermal states. Following pre-heating, the critical mean body temperatures for vasoconstriction (0.37 °C ± 0.10) and thermogenesis (0.67 °C ± 0.20) were significantly elevated during passive cooling, relative to the corresponding control trial (both P < 0.05). When passive heating followed pre-cooling, the thresholds for vasodilatation were reduced (0.37 °C ± 0.07 P < 0.05). Conversely, but with the exception of forehead precursor sweating, the sudomotor thresholds were elevated (averaging 0.16 °C ± 0.02 P < 0.05). Most thermoeffectors revealed unique and adjustable activation thresholds, with the threshold displacements for thermogenesis and vasomotion appearing to be linked to the change in mean body temperature. Following pre-cooling, the critical temperatures for vasodilatation and sudomotor activation varied independently, with the exception of forehead precursor sweating. Collectively, those observations are consistent with the presence of independent central controllers for thermally dependent vasomotor and sudomotor responses, and perhaps also for shivering thermogenesis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2012
DOI: 10.1113/EXPPHYSIOL.2012.065037
Abstract: Thermally induced eccrine sweating is cholinergically mediated, but other neurotransmitters have been postulated for psychological (emotional) sweating. However, we hypothesized that such sweating is not noradrenergically driven in passively heated, resting humans. To test this, nine supine subjects were exposed to non-thermal stimuli (palmar pain, mental arithmetic and static exercise) known to evoke sweating. Trials consisted of the following four sequential phases: thermoneutral rest passive heating to elevate (by ~1.0°C) and cl mean body temperature and steady-state sweating (perfusion garment and footbath) an atropine sulphate infusion (0.04 mg kg(-1)) with thermal cl ing sustained and following cl removal. Sudomotor responses from glabrous (hairless) and non-glabrous skin surfaces were measured simultaneously (precursor and discharged sweating). When thermoneutral, these non-thermal stimuli elicited significant sweating only from the palm (P < 0.05). Passive heating induced steady-state sweating ranging from 0.20 ± 0.04 (volar hand) to 1.40 ± 0.14 mg cm(-2) min(-1) (forehead), with each non-thermal stimulus provoking greater secretion (P 0.05). However, when the thermal cl was removed, core and skin temperatures became further elevated and sweating was restored (P < 0.05), indicating that the blockade had been overcome, presumably through elevated receptor competition. These observations establish the dependence of both thermal and non-thermal eccrine sweating from glabrous and non-glabrous surfaces on acetylcholine release, and challenge theories concerning the psychological modulation of sweating. Furthermore, no evidence existed for the significant participation of non-cholinergic neurotransmitters during any of these stimulations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103715
Abstract: To investigate the disparity in the specification and physiological demand of a task simulation when developed by two independent panels of experiential experts. Independent groups design. Two groups of experiential experts from the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) worked independently to design, and then complete a simulation of a generic occupational task the establishment of a security control point. Task duration, oxygen consumption, and cardiac frequency were measured whilst each panel completed the task simulation. Maximal acceptable work duration (MAWD) and the percentage of MAWD (%MAWD) were also calculated. Independent t-tests were used to determine differences (P < 0.05) between the measured variables. No differences were observed in the average oxygen consumption (1.26 ± 0.25 L min The physiological demand of a task simulation is dependent upon the group of experts consulted to develop the simulation. It is critical that input from a wide representation of experiential experts is considered when developing task simulations to avoid bias towards the perceptions of the experts consulted.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2018
DOI: 10.1113/EP086760
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103934
Abstract: We aimed to use the bookmark method to establish minimum standards for selecting intensive care flight paramedics. Two subject matter expert (SME) focus groups reviewed nine videos of decreasing duration showing land and water helicopter rescue tasks. Focus Group 1 (FG1, n = 10) viewed videos in idually off-site, whilst Focus Group 2 (FG2, n = 9) attended a face-to-face session. All SMEs selected the video they judged as the appropriate pace for the task then reviewed feedback. For both groups, the process was repeated until 80% agreement was achieved, or three rounds were completed (whichever occurred first). FG1 and FG2 achieved agreement after two rounds for the land task. For the water task, FG1 did not reach agreement. FG2 reached consensus after two rounds. The selected task durations were similar. The bookmark method is valuable to determine performance standards for performing winch rescue, and SMEs are more likely to reach consensus when face-to-face.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-10-00010
Abstract: This project was aimed at evaluating the impact of combat armor on physiological and cognitive functions during low-intensity exercise in hot-humid conditions (36 degrees C and 60% relative humidity). Nine males participated in three trials (2.5 hours), walking at two speeds and wearing different protective equipment: control (combat uniform and cloth hat) torso armor with uniform and cloth hat and full armor (uniform, torso armor, and helmet). As time progressed, core temperatures increased and deviated significantly among trials, rising at 0.37 degrees C h(-1) (control), 0.41 degrees C h(-1) (torso armor), and 0.51 degrees C h(-1) (full armor). Heart rates also progressively erged, and subjects lost significantly more sweat during the two armored trials. However, cognitive-function tests revealed neither significant main effects nor time by treatment interactions. The combat armor and helmet significantly increased thermal and cardiovascular strain, but these were unlikely to lead to either exertional heat illness or impaired cognitive function during uneventful urban, military patrols in hot-humid conditions.
No related grants have been discovered for Joanne Nellie Caldwell Odgers.