ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4783-999X
Current Organisation
Corporaci�n colombiana de investigaci�n agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA
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Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Date: 04-02-2022
DOI: 10.20396/BJOS.V21I00.8666288
Abstract: Aim: To describe the pattern of toothache experience in a cohort of children aged 2-5 over 21 years and to find the relationship between previous toothache experience and later reports of toothache to get finding on the most critical period of toothache as a problem in life. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). A total of 1,927 children from IFLS-1 with complete data were included as baseline participants. They were followed up four times within 21 years (age 6-9y, age 9-12y, age 16-19y, age 23- 26y). Toothache was based on the question of self-reported toothache experience during the last four weeks. After 21 years, a total of 1,098 in iduals could be traced and completed every cohort of the survey. Toothache experiences were reported for frequencies in every cohort and accumulative experiences over 21 years. Logistic regression tests were performed to analyze the association of previous toothache experience and later toothache experience. Results: Almost 40% of the respondents reported toothache at least once in their life. The age of 6-9 years is the period when a high percentage of children had teeth-related pain. The experience of toothache at this period was significantly related to every period of age in life. Conclusions: The period of early mixed dentition is important. Oral health status in this period is associated with future oral health. A comprehensive dental health prevention program targeting this population is essential to increase the quality of life.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-07-2019
Publisher: Universidad de Sucre
Date: 03-01-2014
DOI: 10.24188/RECIA.V6.N1.2014.260
Abstract: El banano es una fruta de alto valor nutricional lo que lo convierte en un alimento energético con alto potencial para la alimentación animal. Algunas características nutricionales de los bananos y plátanos son el bajo contenido de materia seca y alta concentración de carbohidratos no estructurales, principalmente en la pulpa. Estas frutas son una fuente de energía en forma de almidón cuando están verdes o inmaduras y en forma de sacarosa cuando están en estado avanzado de maduración. Mientras que las hojas de esta planta presentan valores de FDN, PB y lignina aptos para la alimentación animal, principalmente como forraje en rumiantes. Sin embargo, la presencia de taninos es el principal factor anti nutricional de estas frutas. Los taninos pueden afectar negativamente el consumo de alimento y también su digestión al inhibir la acción de enzimas proteolíticas. El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es mostrar el potencial de los subproductos del banano y del plátano para uso en la alimentación animal. En esta revisión son caracterizadas las propiedades nutricionales del banano y del plátano, fueron compilados estudios que evalúan el uso de subproductos de esta fruta y sus hojas en la producción animal y también son detallados los factores anti nutricionales que se deben considerar antes de usar esta fruta como fuente de alimento en la producción animal.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2021
Publisher: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.3906/VET-2101-67
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Date: 20-09-2018
DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018V39N5P2215
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in the supplement (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) of supplement) of Nellore cattle grazing tropical grasses during dry season. In Experiment 1, intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen microbial profile were evaluated in two simultaneous 5 × 5 Latin squares, using 10 ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408.8 ± 38.5 kg of body weight (BW)). In Experiment 2, cattle growth performance was evaluated in 50 young Nellore bulls (279.52 ± 16.3 kg of BW) distributed in a randomized complete block design. The increasing inclusion of CG did not affect intake ( P= 0.813), diet digestibility (P = 0.895), however linearly increased pH (P = 0.001), butyrate concentration (P 0.001) and Fibrobacter succinogenes (P = 0.003) population. CG inclusion linearly decreased total ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) (P 0.001), acetate concentration (P 0.001) and quadratically affected (P = 0.009) acetate: propionate ratio. In experiment 2, the inclusion of CG quadratically affected DM intake (DMI) (P = 0.005), DM total-tract apparent digestibility (P 0.001), linearly increased additional gain (P 0.001), average daily gain (P 0.001) and feed efficiency (P 0.001). CG in the supplement of Nellore steers grazing tropical grass during dry season doesn’t affect intake and digestibility but alters ruminal fermentation, without negative effect on relative proportion of cellulolytic bacteria population. The increasing replacement of corn grain by CG in the supplement of pasture-raised growing Nellore bulls (up to 280g/kg DM) improved BW gain and consequently feed efficiency.
Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)
Date: 24-10-2022
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 06-05-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.008592
Abstract: We report on a new class of polymer photonic crystal fibers for low-loss guidance of THz radiation. The use of the cyclic olefin copolymer Topas, in combination with advanced fabrication technology, results in bendable THz fibers with unprecedented low loss and low material dispersion in the THz regime.We demonstrate experimentally how the dispersion may be engineered by fabricating both high- and low-dispersion fibers with zero-dispersion frequency in the regime 0.5-0.6 THz. Near-field, frequency-resolved characterization with high spatial resolution of the litude and phase of the modal structure proves that the fiber is single-moded over a wide frequency range, and we see the onset of higher-order modes at high frequencies as well as indication of microporous guiding at low frequencies and high porosity of the fiber. Transmission spectroscopy demonstrates low-loss propagation (< 0.1 dB/cm loss at 0.6 THz) over a wide frequency range.
Publisher: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Date: 16-10-2019
DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019V40N6SUPL3P3577
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacement of ground corn by soybean hulls associated or not to whole soybean grain in the feed supplement on intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial population, and fermentation parameters of growing Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés during rainy season. Were used eight castrated Nellore steers (425 ± 36 kg of body weight (BW)) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, allocated into 4 paddocks of 0.25 ha each, consisting of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and supplemented with: (1) ground corn combined with whole soybean grain (SG) (2) ground corn without SG (3) soybean hulls (SH) combined with SG and (4) SH without SG. Supplement intake was no affected by SG or SH (mean 2.12 kg-1 d, P 0.05). There were no interactions between SH and SG on DM and nutrients intake (P 0.05). The addition of SG reduced the dry matter (DM) intake expressed as % of BW and Kg-1 d, as well forage DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and gross energy (GE) intake (P ? 0.01). Animals supplemented with SH without SG had greater digestibility of DM (74.52), OM (77.62), CP (77.51), NDF (71.93) and GE (72.90) than animals supplemented with SH with SG (DM =69.01, OM = 71.92, CP = 72.81, NDF = 66.01, GE =68.01) expressed as % (P ? 0.01). The addition of SG in the supplements declined the ruminal pH and NH3-N (P=0.02). Animals supplemented without SH without SG showed greater Entodinium counts (6.01 n x 104 ml-1, P=0.04), and SG supplementation decreased the numbers of Dasytricha, Isotricha, and ruminal total protozoa (P 0.01). The abundance of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, and Archaeas were higher for SH without SG supplement. Additionally, animals supplemented with SG had lower numbers of Fibrobacter succinogenes. The use of soybean hulls without whole soybean grain in the supplement may be effective to increase fiber digestibility, N retained, R. albus and R. flavefaciens in the rumen of Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés during the rainy season.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14159395
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, emission of enteric CH4, and productive performance of Nellore bulls grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu palisade grass pastures during the rainy season, receiving an energy supplement or mineral supplement, with or without the inclusion of phytogenic additives. Forty-eight Nellore bulls were treated with: (1) energy supplement without the inclusion of phytogenic additives (2) energy supplement with the inclusion of phytogenic additives (3) mineral supplement without the inclusion of phytogenic additives and (4) mineral supplement with the inclusion of phytogenic additives. Consumption of total dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), apNDF, and energy digestibility of DM, CP, and energy average daily gain stocking rate and gain per area were higher in animals consuming energy supplements than those consuming mineral supplements. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and energy levels were lower in animals that consumed phytogenic additives. Compared with mineral supplements, the supply of energy supplements provides higher nutrient intake, increases enteric CH4 emission, and improves nutrient digestibility, providing a greater productive performance. The inclusion of phytogenic additives negatively affected nutrient intake and digestibility, did not reduce enteric CH4 emission, and influenced productive performance.
Publisher: Universidad de la Amazonia
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.47847/FAGROPEC.V12N2A5
Abstract: La producción pecuaria ha sido estigmatizada en función de la producción de gases efecto invernadero (GEI), principalmente de gas metano (CH4). Sin embargo, la mayoría de la población desconoce las cifras reales que aporta cada sector económico a la producción de estos gases en el mundo. La Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) estima que la población mundial llegará a ser de 8,6 billones en 2030 y de 9,8 billones en 2050 consecuentemente habrá necesidad de aumentar la producción de alimentos para el consumo humano y consecuentementeanimal.Dentro de las estrategias de mitigación de producción de CH4, la manipulación de las dietas se concibe como un enfoque simple y práctico, que puede garantizar una mejor productividad, además de ayudar a reducir las emisiones de CH4 hasta en un 40%. Es posible clasificar la proteína de la dieta con respecto al lugar de aprovechamiento por el animal, es decir, puede ser denominada como proteína degradada en el rumen (PDR) o proteína no degradable en el rumen (PNDR). Por otro lado, se conoce que a partir de la fermentación ruminal de carbohidratos y de proteínas ocurre la producción de CH4 entérico por los bovinos, así, el uso de PNDR podría limitar el crecimiento de los microorganismos metanogenicos debido a la baja disponibilidad de grupos H2 y metilo en el rumen para su metabolismo, reduciendo consecuentemente las emisiones de Ch4. El objetivo de esta revisión se basó en exponer los detalles del metabolismo ruminal y resultados de estudios recientes, utilizando fuentes de PNDR para reducción de las emisiones de CH4 en rumiantes.
Publisher: South American Sciences
Date: 19-12-2020
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/AN17003
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus supplementation (PS) on blood, chemical and physical parameters from bones of feedlot Nellore bulls. Forty-two animals were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of three treatments and 14 replicates. The treatments consisted of no supplementary phosphorus (P T1 2.4 g P/kg DM), a commercial mineral supplement formulated according to recommendations from the main Brazilian industries of mineral supplements for feedlot beef cattle (T2 4.2 g P/kg DM) and dicalcium phosphate (T3 5.0 g P/kg DM) in high-grain diets. The animals submitted or not to PS had similar calcium (Ca) and P values, Ca : P ratio, specific gravity, cortical thickness and bone mineral density in the 12th rib. However, a decrease in magnesium (Mg) concentration was observed in the 12th rib in T1 and T3 treatments throughout the study (P 0.05). The animals in T1 had lower cortical thickness of the metacarpus (P 0.05), without compromising its resistance and stiffness (P 0.05). To evaluate the P status in the animals, we performed the needle test, which allowed an assessment of differences in bone strength on the basis of the resistance to needle penetration on the transverse process (TP) of the lumbar vertebrae. Throughout the trial period, no animals were positive for the needle test conducted in the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. The PS significantly changed parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (P 0.05) and the animals in T1 had lower concentrations of these hormones. However, there was no effect of PS on the concentration of Ca and P in the serum of animals (P 0.05). The inclusion of a mineral mix supplement in T2 resulted in higher Mg concentrations in the serum of animals (P 0.05). P supplementation for Nellore bulls, fed high proportions of concentrate during the feedlot period, resulted in no benefits in neither chemical nor physical properties of their bones and the level in the control diet appeared adequate in these circumstances.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2017000100005
Abstract: ABSTRACT: We developed and evaluated a fast and simple method to obtain suitable bone s les for densitometry and chemical analysis through biopsies of the 12th rib of cattle. The postoperative recovery, dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) was evaluated in 36 Nellore steers, nine of which were randomly selected for the control group and 27 others were rib biopsied. Every 30 days, rib biopsy was performed in nine steers, using a corded-electric pistol-grip drill coupled with a hole saw of a 3mm diameter pilot drill bit. This rib biopsy technique provided a suitable s le obtained in a fast way and allowed the surgeon to work alone with the animal slightly sedated and restrained in the crush. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected in biopsied animals. At the end of the experimental period (116 days) the average daily weight gain (ADG) was similar in the steers biopsied or not. The described method provided rib s les from cattle suitable for densitometry and chemical analysis of bone tissue without effects on health and performance. This information could greatly increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency in cattle raised on pasture and allow the evaluation of bone metabolism in experimental animals.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-04-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/LIFE13081622
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) on intake, digestibility, and amino acid (AA) use efficiency of Nellore cattle grazing during the dry season. Eight Nellore steers (12 ± 2 months old) were used in quadruplicate Latin squares (2 × 2). The animals were placed on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés under continuous grazing. The treatments included the following: (1) urea supplementation (NPN) and (2) supplementation of corn gluten meal 60 (CGM, RUP). Animals supplemented with CGM showed higher intakes of dry matter (DM) supplement, total AA, essential AA, and in idual AA. The supplementation did not affect the total AA digestibility, total AA flux, and the AA fluxes of microbial origin and RUP from the diet (p 0.05). The ruminal microorganism origin flux of total AA to the duodenum was 44.5% and 52.7% for animals supplemented with NPN and CGM, respectively. Animals supplemented with CGM showed an increase in blood concentrations of isoleucine (+19.09 μmol/L), cystine (+27.29 μmol/L), and albumin (+0.11 g/dL) (p 0.05), but this increase was not accompanied by an improvement in N use efficiency of steers (p 0.05). RUP supplementation via CGM can be an efficient nutritional strategy to enhance the intake and absorption of AA by Nellore cattle grazing low-quality forage during the dry season.
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 2016
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Date: 08-10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-06-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859616000204
Abstract: Modifying the extent of fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation (BH) in the rumen through diet formulation is an effective strategy for changing the content of unsaturated FAs (USFAs) in meat. The present study investigated the effects of different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, ruminal BH, duodenal flow of FAs and rumen microbiota in Nellore steers. Intake of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in animals fed with maize silage (MS) than in those fed with sugar cane (SC) and sugar cane bagasse (SB). Higher digestibility of dry matter and NDF was found in animals fed with MS than in those fed with the other diets. In addition, higher crude protein digestibility was observed in animals fed with sugar cane bagasse than in those fed with SC. Non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility was higher in animals fed with sugar cane than in those fed with the other diets. Intake of total and in idual FAs such as C18 : 1 cis -9, C18 : 2, and C18 : 3 was similar between animals fed with MS and SB, but decreased in animals fed with SC. Diets containing MS and SB showed higher total digestibility of saturated FAs (SFAs) and USFAs, respectively and total FAs and ruminal BH of C18 : 1 and USFA. Intestinal digestibility of overall FAs did not differ among treatments, except for C18 : 3, which increased in animals fed with SC and SB. The profile of FAs in duodenal digesta and faecal outputs did not differ among treatments. However, the flow of NDF was higher in animals fed with SC than in those fed with MS and SB. Animals fed with SB showed higher values of pH than those fed with MS and SC. Animals fed with SC showed lower values of ammonia-nitrogen. Protozoan counts were only influenced by diet for species that belonged to the genera Dasytricha and Isotricha . Populations of fibrolytic bacteria ( Ruminococus flavefaciens, Ruminococus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes ) were similar among diets. Populations of Selenomonas ruminantium increased 2·5 and 5 times in animals fed with MS when compared with those fed with SC and SB, respectively. The use of MS increased intake and digestibility of NDF, and the use of SC decreased ruminal BH of total USFA without changing the flow of FAs to the duodenum. Thus, different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets do not modify the duodenal flow of USFA or fibrolytic bacteria. This must be taken into account when formulating diets to modulate ruminal upsets without altering intake.
Publisher: Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Date: 15-12-2019
Abstract: La colección interdisciplinaria Estudios de la Orinoquia y la Amazonia busca generar conocimiento, fomentar la discusión académica y asumir alternativas de solución a problemas regionales en la Orinoquia y la Amazonia. Si la Orinoquia y la Amazonia son territorios especiales por su abandono histórico y ellos constituyen una región única, deben tener un tratamiento especial que facilite su desarrollo y promueva el acceso al conocimiento científico y a los bienes producidos en el mundo desarrollado con el respeto a las poblaciones ancestrales y a las culturas regionales. En este primer volumen se encuentran trabajos relacionados con la medicina veterinaria y la investigación en salud en esta región. Las temáticas son variadas y deben ser asumidas desde una apertura teórica, metodológica y procedimental para alcanzar la comprensión del fenómeno en sus dimensiones y en sus contextos.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Universidad de Sucre
Date: 05-08-2021
DOI: 10.24188/RECIA.V13.N2.2021.770
Abstract: Los rumiantes consumen cantidades reducidas de lípidos en las dietas limitando así los desempeños productivos, por lo cual incrementar las concentraciones de estos en la dieta permite ersos beneficios como mayor disponibilidad de energía, mejor nivel productivo, aprovechamiento de área y calidad nutricional de productos como carne y leche. En la ganadería de carne los requerimientos energéticos son mayores y los lípidos por ser una fuente extremadamente rica en energía ayudan a un mejor desempeño de peso y a la absorción de vitaminas liposolubles, sin embargo, pueden desencadenar alteraciones en la población y la fermentación ruminal. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo discutir los efectos de la suplementación lipídica sobre el metabolismo ruminal y los microrganismos que habitan ese ecosistema en la producción de carne bajo confinamiento. Investigaciones sugieren que la adición de lípidos permite mejorar la productividad y calidad de la carne, lo cual es importante para la seguridad alimentaria. Además, la evaluación del metabolismo ruminal con dietas lipídicas y sus asociaciones posibilita explorar mejorías en la composición de las mismas, para mejores beneficios productivos y contribuir así con las demandas de proteína.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/AN16420
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) supplementation, with or without addition of other minerals, ionophore and antibiotic, on performance, P utilisation and profitability in finishing Nellore bulls in a feedlot. Forty-two animals, with an initial bodyweight of 296 ± 25 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of three treatments and 14 replicates. The treatments were without P supplementation (T1), commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle (T2) and supplementation with dicalcium phosphate (T3). The T3 was formulated to achieve a P concentration similar to that of T2, but without adding other additives (e.g. vitamins, ionophores, yeast and chelates) in the mineral mix. The P concentrations were 2.4, 4.2 or 5.0 g P/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively, for T1, T2 and T3. The diet, on a DM basis, comprised sugarcane bagasse (200 g/kg) plus concentrate (800 g/kg). The DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes and apparent DM digestibility were similar among the three treatments (P 0.05). Despite the numerical difference on P concentration in T2 and T3 treatments, P intakes were similar in these treatments. The addition of commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle or dicalcium phosphate in diets increased P excretion in the faeces and urine, increased P retention and reduced the profitability of the feedlot. Performance and carcass traits were not affected by diet P concentrations (P 0.05). The profit per head in T1 treatment was US$13.7 and the addition of the dicalcium phosphate and mineral mix in T2 and T3 did not result in profit, these treatments gave economic losses of US$6.80 and US$6.20 per head, respectively. Under Brazilian conditions, feedlot Nellore cattle fed high-grain diets do not require any additional mineral supplements. P concentration of 2.4 g/kg DM, as used in the control diet, was adequate to ensure animal performance and reduce faecal P excretion, which is in agreement with NRC and CSIRO recommendations. Lower values may also be appropriate, but were not tested here.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Universidad de Antioquia
Date: 07-11-2019
DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.RCCP.V32N4A01
Abstract: Background: Rumen microorganisms have developed a series of complex interactions, representing one of the best ex les of symbiosis between microorganisms in nature. Conventional taxonomic methods based on culture techniques are being replaced by molecular techniques that are faster and more accurate. Objective: To characterize rumen bacterial ersity of Nellore steers grazing on tropical pastures by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina sequenctng. Methods: Three rumen-cannulated Nellore steers were used. The liquid and solid fractions of the rumen contents were processed to extract metagenomic DNA, and the VI and V2 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Illumina sequencing. Results: A total of 11,407,000 reads of adequate quality were generated, and 812 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found at the species level. Twenty-seven phyla were identified, and the predominant phyla were Firmicutes (23%), Bacteroidetes (14%), Proteobacteria (10%), Spirochaetes (9%), Fibrobacteres (7%), Tenericutes (5%), and Actinobacteria (2%), which represented 70% of the total phyla identified in the rumen content. Conclusion: Rumen environment in grazing Nellore steers showed high bacterial ersity, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres as the predominant phyla.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 16-04-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859615000337
Abstract: The use of diets with increasing proportions of concentrate to fibre can ensure appropriate energy levels and result in greater efficiency in Nellore feedlot steers. It was hypothesized that higher proportions of concentrate in the diet of these Nellore steers may affect ruminal fermentation and microbiota as a consequence of ruminal pH reduction. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with four different roughage (hay Tifton 85) : concentrate ratios on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of Nellore feedlot steers. Higher proportions of concentrate in the diet did not affect intake and digestibility of dry and organic matter. The concentration of N-NH 3 , total rumen volatile fatty acid, acetic (C2), butyric (C4), isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric acids, and microbial nitrogen did not differ among diets. However, increasing proportions of concentrate in the diet resulted in a linear reduction in average rumen pH and increased propionic acid (C3) concentration, resulting in lower relative C2 : C3. Bacterial population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococus flavefaciens and Ruminococcus albus decreased in the rumen. However, bacteria that are consumers of lactic acid ( Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii ) and producers of lactic acid ( Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus bovis ) increased when animals were fed with high-concentrate diets. The total number of protozoa was similar for the different roughage : concentrate ratios. Protozoan counts were only influenced by diet for the genus Dasytricha . The findings point to diets with increasing concentrate to Tifton 85 hay ratios as inhibiting the growth of some cellulolytic bacteria and reducing fibre digestibility, and indicate Tifton 85 hay as a possible modulated rumen fermentation in the Nellore steer feedlot.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-07-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS11030810
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of a phytogenic compound blend (PHA) containing hydrolyzable tannins, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde oil to mineral salt or energy supplementation on the rumen microbiota and nitrogen metabolism of grazing Nellore cattle. Eight castrated Nellore steers were distributed in a double-Latin-square 4 × 4 design, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two types of supplements with or without the addition of the PHA), as follows: energy supplement without the PHA addition (EW) energy supplement with the PHA addition (EPHA) mineral supplement without the addition of the PHA (MW) mineral supplement with the PHA addition (MPHA). Steers that received supplements with the PHA have a lower ruminal proportion of valerate (with the PHA, 1.06% without the PHA, 1.15%), a lower ruminal abundance of Verrucomicrobia, and a tendency for lower DM digestibility (with the PHA, 62.8% without the PHA, 64.8%). Energy supplements allowed for higher ammonia concentrations (+2.28 mg of NH3-N/dL), increased the propionate proportion (+0.29% of total VFA), and had a higher ruminal abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetae phyla in the rumen. The PHA addition in the supplement did not improve nitrogen retention, reduced the ruminal proportion of valerate, and had a negative impact on both the total dry-matter digestibility and the abundance of several ruminal bacterial groups belonging to the Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia phyla.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/ANI12243463
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effects of urea with post-ruminal absorption in the supplementation of growing Nellore cattle reared on pasture during a seasonal period. For the study, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, rumen and blood parameters were evaluated using eight rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls with initial body weight (BW) of 763 ± 44 kg, distributed in a double Latin square 4 × 4. In experiment 2, 120 Nellore steers with initial BW of 380 ± 35 kg were used for performance evaluation, distributed in a randomized block design (blocking factor or initial BW). The evaluated treatments were 1: (TP-U) (control) = supplement with 24% crude protein (CP) containing urea as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN 3%) and soybean meal, 2: (TP-PRU) = 24% CP supplement containing post-ruminal urea (PRU 3.6%) and soybean meal 3: (NPN-U-PRU) = 24% CP supplement containing urea + post-ruminal urea (U = 3% and PRU = 3.9%), without soybean meal 4: (NPN-PRU) = supplement with 24% CP containing post-ruminal urea (7.5%), without soybean meal. The supplement was offered at 3 g/kg BW per animal, daily, once a day. All animals were kept on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pasture. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS PROC MIXED, and the data were evaluated by the following contrasts: C1 = TP-U/TP-PRU vs. NPN-U-PRU/NPN-PRU (Soybean meal replacement by NPN) C2 = TP-U vs. TP-PRU (conventional urea vs. post-immune urea) C3 = NPN-U-PRU vs. NPN-PRU (low and high post-ruminal urea-PRU level). The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and NDF was lower when soybean meal was replaced by non-protein nitrogen, also being different between the levels of post-ruminal urea used in the supplement. Ruminal pH was different when soybean meal was replaced by NPN (p = 0.003). Total concentration of short-chain fatty acids, concentrations of isobutyrate (p = 0.003), valerate (p = 0.001), and isovalerate (p = 0.001) were different, and blood urea was different when soybean meal was replaced by NPN (p = 0.006). Simpson’s ersity index was higher in the rumen of animals supplemented with TP-U than in those supplemented with TP-PRU (p = 0.05). A total of 27 phyla, 234 families, and 488 genera were identified. Nitrospirota and Gemmatimonadota phyla were detected just in the rumen of steers supplemented with TP-PRU. The performance (final BW, weight gain and gain per area) of the animals was different, being higher (p = 0.04) in animals supplemented with soybean meal, compared to NPN. The removal of soybean meal from the supplement and its replacement with either conventional urea plus post-ruminal urea or only post-ruminal urea compromises the performance of the animals. The lower the post-ruminal urea inclusion level, the lower the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and NDF, when compared to animals supplemented with higher levels.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-12-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-019-1545-0
Abstract: Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-11-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517002689
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether a combination of crude glycerin (CG) and soyabean oil (SO) could be used to partially replace maize in the diet of Nellore steers while maintaining optimum feed utilisation. Eight castrated Nellore steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design balanced for residual effects, in a factorial arrangement (A×B), when factor A corresponded to the provision of SO, and factor B to the provision of CG. Steers feed SO and CG showed similar DM intake, DM, organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre digestibility to that of steers fed diets without oil and without glycerine ( P ·05). Both diets with CG additions reduced the acetate:propionate ratio and increased the proportion of iso -butyrate, butyrate, iso -valerate and valerate ( P ·05). Steers fed diets containing SO had less total N excretion ( P ·001) and showed greater retained N expressed as % N intake ( P =0·022). SO and CG diet generated a greater ruminal abundance of Prevotella , Succinivibrio , Ruminococcus , Syntrophococcus and Succiniclasticum. Archaea abundance ( P =0·002) and total ciliate protozoa were less in steers fed diets containing SO ( P =0·011). CG associated with lipids could be an energy source, which is a useful strategy for the partial replacement of maize in cattle diets, could result in reduced total N excretion and ruminal methanogens without affecting intake and digestibility.
Location: No location found
Location: Brazil
Location: Brazil
Location: Brazil
Location: Colombia
Location: Australia
Start Date: 2014
End Date: 2017
Funder: São Paulo Research Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2011
End Date: 2013
Funder: São Paulo Research Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2016
Funder: São Paulo Research Foundation
View Funded Activity