ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5107-6206
Current Organisations
The University of Texas at Austin
,
Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
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Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 11-01-2018
DOI: 10.1101/246538
Abstract: Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to hibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into sterile culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing hibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to interested researchers worldwide as part of the Bio ERsA project RACE – here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been widely applied across at least 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 hibian species, and have been successfully used to isolate chytrids in remote field locations. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened hibian species and have improved our ability to work with this important group of emerging fungal pathogens.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 11-05-2018
Abstract: Species in the fungal genus Batrachochytrium are responsible for severe declines in the populations of hibians globally. The sources of these pathogens have been uncertain. O'Hanlon et al. used genomics on a panel of more than 200 isolates to trace the source of the frog pathogen B. dendrobatidis to a hyper erse hotspot in the Korean peninsula (see the Perspective by Lips). Over the past century, the trade in hibian species has accelerated, and now all lineages of B. dendrobatidis occur in traded hibians the fungus has become ubiquitous and is ersifying rapidly. Science , this issue p. 621 see also p. 604
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 15-06-2016
Abstract: The ‘mountain passes are higher in the tropics’ (MPHT) hypothesis posits that reduced climate variability at low latitudes should select for narrower thermal tolerances, lower dispersal and smaller elevational ranges compared with higher latitudes. These latitudinal differences could increase species richness at low latitudes, but that increase may be largely cryptic, because physiological and dispersal traits isolating populations might not correspond to morphological differences. Yet previous tests of the MPHT hypothesis have not addressed cryptic ersity. We use integrative taxonomy, combining morphology (6136 specimens) and DNA barcoding (1832 specimens) to compare the species richness, cryptic ersity and elevational ranges of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in the Rocky Mountains (Colorado approx. 40°N) and the Andes (Ecuador approx. 0°). We find higher species richness and smaller elevational ranges in Ecuador than Colorado, but only after quantifying and accounting for cryptic ersity. The opposite pattern is found when comparing ersity based on morphology alone, underscoring the importance of uncovering cryptic species to understand global bio ersity patterns.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 20-03-2020
Abstract: Lambert et al . question our retrospective and holistic epidemiological assessment of the role of chytridiomycosis in hibian declines. Their alternative assessment is narrow and provides an incomplete evaluation of evidence. Adopting this approach limits understanding of infectious disease impacts and h ers conservation efforts. We reaffirm that our study provides unambiguous evidence that chytridiomycosis has affected at least 501 hibian species.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 05-11-2018
Abstract: Over 50 years ago, Dan Janzen proposed an integrative framework relating latitudinal differences in climate variability to elevational trends in species ersity. We show that tropical species in three independent insect clades have ( i ) narrower thermal breadths, ( ii ) decreased dispersal and higher population structure, and ( iii ) higher cryptic ersity and speciation rates. This research tests all of the key predictions of Janzen’s hypothesis in related taxa. Our work advances the understanding of how climate variability shapes global ersity patterns, moving beyond simple correlations, to mechanistic links between climate, local adaptation, dispersal, and montane species richness.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-06-2022
DOI: 10.1002/PIP.3595
Abstract: Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2022 are reviewed. An appendix describing temporary electrical contacting of large‐area solar cells approaches and terminology is also included.
Publisher: Herpetologists League
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0798-1
Abstract: Animal-associated microbiomes are integral to host health, yet key biotic and abiotic factors that shape host-associated microbial communities at the global scale remain poorly understood. We investigated global patterns in hibian skin bacterial communities, incorporating s les from 2,349 in iduals representing 205 hibian species across a broad biogeographic range. We analysed how biotic and abiotic factors correlate with skin microbial communities using multiple statistical approaches. Global hibian skin bacterial richness was consistently correlated with temperature-associated factors. We found more erse skin microbiomes in environments with colder winters and less stable thermal conditions compared with environments with warm winters and less annual temperature variation. We used bioinformatically predicted bacterial growth rates, dormancy genes and antibiotic synthesis genes, as well as inferred bacterial thermal growth optima to propose mechanistic hypotheses that may explain the observed patterns. We conclude that temporal and spatial characteristics of the host's macro-environment mediate microbial ersity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-05-2009
Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: Efforts to retain underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have shown only limited success in higher education, due in part to a persistent achievement gap between students from historically underrepresented and well-represented backgrounds. To test the hypothesis that active learning disproportionately benefits URM students, we quantified the effects of traditional versus active learning on student academic performance, science self-efficacy, and sense of social belonging in a large (more than 250 students) introductory STEM course. A transition to active learning closed the gap in learning gains between non-URM and URM students and led to an increase in science self-efficacy for all students. Sense of social belonging also increased significantly with active learning, but only for non-URM students. Through structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that, for URM students, the increase in self-efficacy mediated the positive effect of active-learning pedagogy on two metrics of student performance. Our results add to a growing body of research that supports varied and inclusive teaching as one pathway to a ersified STEM workforce.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2017
Abstract: Understanding the geographical distribution and community composition of species is crucial to monitor species persistence and define effective conservation strategies. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive tool for species detection. However, most eDNA survey methods have been developed and applied in temperate zones. We tested the feasibility of using eDNA to survey anurans in tropical streams in the Brazilian Atlantic forest and compared the results with short-term visual and audio surveys. We detected all nine species known to inhabit our focal streams with one single visit for eDNA s ling. We found a higher proportion of sequence reads and larger number of positive PCR replicates for more common species and for those with life cycles closely associated with the streams, factors that may contribute to increased release of DNA in the water. However, less common species were also detected in eDNA s les, demonstrating the detection power of this method. Filtering larger volumes of water resulted in a higher probability of detection. Our data also show it is important to s le multiple sites along streams, particularly for detection of target species with lower population densities. For the three focal species in our study, the eDNA metabarcoding method had a greater capacity of detection per s ling event than our rapid field surveys, and thus, has the potential to circumvent some of the challenges associated with traditional approaches. Our results underscore the utility of eDNA metabarcoding as an efficient method to survey anuran species in tropical streams of the highly bio erse Brazilian Atlantic forest.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1086/674526
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-24472-2
Abstract: Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to hibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing hibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to researchers as part of the Bio ERsA project RACE here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been applied across 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 hibian species. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened hibian species and have improved our ability to work with this group of emerging pathogens.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.12918
Abstract: The ecological and evolutionary consequences of extreme events are poorly understood. Here, we tested predictions about species persistence and population genomic change in aquatic insects in 14 Colorado mountain streams across a hydrological disturbance gradient caused by a one in 500-year rainfall event. Taxa persistence ranged from 39 to 77% across sites and declined with increasing disturbance in relation to species' resistance and resilience traits. For taxa with mobile larvae and terrestrial adult stages present at the time of the flood, average persistence was 84% compared to 25% for immobile taxa that lacked terrestrial adults. For two of six species analysed, genomic ersity (allelic richness) declined after the event. For one species it greatly expanded, suggesting resilience via re-colonisation from upstream populations. Thus, while resistance and resilience traits can explain species persistence to extreme disturbance, population genomic change varies among species, challenging generalisations about evolutionary responses to extreme events at landscape scales.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-06-2018
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 29-03-2019
Abstract: Rapid spread of disease is a hazard in our interconnected world. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was identified in hibian populations about 20 years ago and has caused death and species extinction at a global scale. Scheele et al. found that the fungus has caused declines in hibian populations everywhere except at its origin in Asia (see the Perspective by Greenberg and Palen). A majority of species and populations are still experiencing decline, but there is evidence of limited recovery in some species. The analysis also suggests some conditions that predict resilience. Science , this issue p. 1459 see also p. 1386
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 06-05-2013
Abstract: Understanding the evolutionary history of microbial pathogens is critical for mitigating the impacts of emerging infectious diseases on economically and ecologically important host species. We used a genome resequencing approach to resolve the evolutionary history of an important microbial pathogen, the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which has been implicated in hibian declines worldwide. We sequenced the genomes of 29 isolates of Bd from around the world, with an emphasis on North, Central, and South America because of the devastating effect that Bd has had on hibian populations in the New World. We found a substantial amount of evolutionary complexity in Bd with deep phylogenetic ersity that predates observed global hibian declines. By investigating the entire genome, we found that even the most recently evolved Bd clade (termed the global panzootic lineage) contained more genetic variation than previously reported. We also found dramatic differences among isolates and among genomic regions in chromosomal copy number and patterns of heterozygosity, suggesting complex and heterogeneous genome dynamics. Finally, we report evidence for selection acting on the Bd genome, supporting the hypothesis that protease genes are important in evolutionary transitions in this group. Bd is considered an emerging pathogen because of its recent effects on hibians, but our data indicate that it has a complex evolutionary history that predates recent disease outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to consider the contemporary effects of Bd in a broader evolutionary context and identify specific mechanisms that may have led to shifts in virulence in this system.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2017
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2017.23
Location: United States of America
Location: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Location: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
No related grants have been discovered for Kelly Zamudio.