ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2791-258X
Current Organisation
Universidade Lusófona
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-015-3279-5
Abstract: Modern lifestyles require people to spend prolonged periods of sitting, and public health messages recommend replacing sitting with as much standing as is feasible. The metabolic/energy cost (MEC) of sitting and standing is poorly understood, and MEC associated with a transition from sitting to standing has not been reported. Thus, we carefully quantified the MEC for sitting, standing and sit/stand transitions, adjusting for age and fat-free mass (FFM) in a s le of adults with no known disease. Participants (N = 50 25 women), 20–64 years, randomly performed three conditions for 10 min each (sitting, standing, 1 sit/stand transition min(−1) and then sitting back down). MEC was measured by indirect calorimetry and FFM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. V̇O2 (ml kg(−1) min(−1)) for sitting (2.93 ± 0.61 2.87 ± 0.37 in men and women respectively), standing (3.16 ± 0.63 3.03 ± 0.40), and steady-state cost of repeated sit/stand transitions (1 min(−1)) (3.86 ± 0.75 3.79 ± 0.57) were significantly different regardless of sex and weight (p < 0.001). EE (kcal min(−1)) also differed from sitting (1.14 ± 0.18 0.88 ± 0.11), to standing (1.23 ± 0.19 0.92 ± 0.13), and sit/stand transitions (1 min(−1)) (1.49 ± 0.25 1.16 ± 0.16). Heart-rate increased from sitting to standing (~13 bpm p < 0.001). Neither sex nor FFM influenced the results (p ≥ 0.05). This study found in a s le of adults with no known disease that continuous standing raised MEC 0.07 kcal min(−1) above normal sitting. The transition from sitting to standing (and return to sitting) had a metabolic cost of 0.32 kcal min(−1) above sitting. Therefore, public health messages recommending to interrupt sitting frequently should be informed of the modest energetic costs regardless of sex and body composition.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-06-2014
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.926382
Abstract: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk. Even in athletes an increased adiposity affects health and performance. Sedentary behaviour has been associated with higher levels of adiposity, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. However, it is unclear whether this independent relationship still exists in highly trained athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the association of sedentary behaviour with body fatness in elite athletes. Cross-sectional data from 82 male athletes (mean age 22 years) were used. Total and regional body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported time spent in sedentary behaviour and weekly training time was assessed in all participants at one time point and multiple regression analyses were used. Sedentary behaviour predicted total fat mass (β = 0.77 95% CI: 0.36-1.19, P < 0.001) and trunk fat mass (β = 0.25 95% CI: 0.07-0.43, P = 0.007), independent of age, weekly training time, and residual mass (calculated as weight-dependent variable) but not abdominal fat. Also, no associations of sedentary behaviour with fat-free mass, appendicular lean soft tissue, and body mass index were found. These findings indicate that athletes with higher amounts of sedentary behaviour presented higher levels of total and trunk fatness, regardless of age, weekly training time, and residual mass. Therefore, even high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels do not mitigate the associations between sedentary behaviour and body fatness in highly trained athletes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-03-2019
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1586281
Abstract: Sedentary behaviour (SB) is an independent health risk-factor and interrupting SB seems to be beneficial. SB is both defined by posture and intensity, thus objective measurement of postures remains a priority. The ActivPAL inclinometer (AP) has been used as a reference for postural estimation, but information on the validity of the Actigraph inclinometer (AG
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2023
Abstract: In a randomized crossover trial, we examined the effects of interrupting sedentary behavior on glycemic control in trained older adults, before and after 2 weeks of detraining. Fourteen participants (65–90 years old) completed two 7-hr conditions before and after 2 weeks of detraining: (a) uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and (b) sitting plus 2 min of moderate-intensity activity every 30 min (INT). Both before and after detraining, no differences were observed for 7-hr glucose area under the curve (7 hr AUC) and mean glucose between sitting plus 2 min of moderate-intensity activity and uninterrupted sitting conditions. After detraining and for the SIT condition, higher values of 7-hr AUC ( p = .014) and mean glucose ( p = .015) were observed, indicating worsened glycemic control. No changes were observed in INT condition between both time points. Frequent interruptions in sedentary behavior had no effect on glycemic control, prior to or after detraining. Even so, older adults experiencing a short-term detraining period should avoid prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior that may jeopardize their glycemic control.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-015-0501-4
Abstract: In older adults, sedentary behavior has been positively associated with obesity and impaired metabolic health, additional to low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Further to the total time spent in sedentary behavior, the manner in which it is accumulated - number of continuous sedentary bouts of different extends - may also be relevant. The association for objectively measured uninterrupted sedentary bouts and respective patterns with abdominal obesity in older adults was examined. Cross-sectional. Community-based older people were recruited in each region of Portugal. Data collection was performed between September, 2007 and May, 2009. 351 older adults (230 women) mean age of 75-years. Sedentary time was measured by an accelerometer (counts/minute <100), worn during waking hours for four consecutive days. Continuous sedentary bouts of 5<min<10, 10< min<20, 20< min<30, 30< min 60 length were treated (counts/minute 102 cm women>88 cm). There were positive and escalating linear associations for the continuum of sedentary bouts' lengths with waist circumference. Logistic regression showed that for each additional sedentary bout of 10< min<20 the odds of being abdominally obese increased by 6.8% (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.13) up to 48% (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.03) for each 1-hour sedentary bout increment, after controlling for age, gender, total sedentary time, MVPA time, total wear time, movement counts within the sedentary bouts, socio-demographic and other behavioral attributes, and medical history. These findings indicate positive graded associations for continuous sedentary bouts with abdominal obesity. Public health recommendations regarding breaking up sedentary time more often, potentially avoiding very prolonged bouts of sedentary time, are expected to be relevant for older adults.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001785
Abstract: We aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of patterns of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with total fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal FMI (FMI abd ) in children, and additionally, to analyze if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mediated these associations. Fat mass index and FMI abd were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 333 participants (172 girls) age 9 to 11 yr. MVPA, ST, breaks in ST per sedentary hour (BST/ST) and the number of daily sedentary bouts with various lengths (1–4, 5–9, 10–14, and ≥15 min) were assessed with accelerometry and CRF using a maximal cycle test. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS was used for mediation analysis. The number of shorter sedentary bouts (1–4 min) was inversely associated with FMI (β = −0.108), whereas longer sedentary bouts (5–9 min, β = 0.169 10–14 min, β = 0.193 ≥15 min, β = 0.377) had a positive association, independent of MVPA ( P 0.05). A similar trend was found for FMI abd . Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was negatively related to FMI (β = −0.029) and to FMI abd (β = −0.003). There were no main associations for ST and BST/ST ( P 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely related to total and abdominal adiposity, and a large portion (40.9–65.7%) of the associations of MVPA and sedentary bouts with both FMI and FMI abd were mediated by CRF. Time in MVPA and accumulating ST in shorter sedentary bouts is inversely related to adiposity. However, these associations may be mediated by CRF. Emphasis should be given to programs that target increases in MVPA, which may influence CRF while reducing sedentary recreational behaviors.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-07-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2017.78
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.2.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-03-2016
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1058198
Abstract: It is important for highly active in iduals to easily and accurately assess their hydration level. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) can potentially meet these needs but its validity in active in iduals is not well established. We aim to validate total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) estimates obtained from 50 kHz BIA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), and BIA-based models against dilution techniques in 2 populations: active adults and elite athletes. Active males (N = 28, 20-39 years) involved in recreational sports and elite athletes (females: N = 57, 16-35 years males: N = 127, 16-38 years) participated in this study. TBW and ECW were assessed with deuterium and bromide dilution, respectively. ICW was assessed as their difference. Body water compartments were also assessed by BIA (BIA-101), BIS (model 4200), and BIA-based equations. Small but significant differences were observed between alternative methods and the criterion in all subs les. In female athletes, r(2) > 0.69, r(2) > 0.57, and r(2) > 0.65 were observed between methods in the TBW, ECW, and ICW estimates. In males, r(2) > 0.75, r(2) > 0.65, and r(2) > 0.68 were found between alternative and reference methods in the TBW, ECW, and ICW estimates, respectively, whereas for male recreational exercisers, r(2) > 0.58, r(2) > 0.73, and r(2) > 0.75 were observed. Pure errors ranged between 0.19 to 3.32 kg for TBW, 0.64 to 1.63 for ECW, and 1.98 to 2.64 in ICW. The highest limits of agreement (LoA) were observed in Van Loan and Mayclin equation and the BIA method, respectively, for TBW and ECW assessment and the lowest LoA were observed in BIS for both TBW and ECW estimates. The higher accuracy of BIS in predicting in idual TBW, ECW, and ICW highlights its utility in water assessment of recreational and elite athletes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2020.06.018
Abstract: To examine the associations of changes in physical activity and sedentary patterns with changes in cardiometabolic outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Youth from the International Children's Accelerometry Database (n = 1088 55% girls), aged 8-13 years and followed for ∼4 years, were used in this analysis. Hip-mounted accelerometers were used and all physical activity intensities were expressed as the % of total wear-time. Sedentary time was separated into time spent in bouts <10 minutes and ≥10 minutes. A composite z score for cardiometabolic risk (CMR score) was computed by summing the standardized values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and the inverse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multivariate analyses were performed using adjusted linear regression models. Increase in sedentary time was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = 0.021 CI 0.004-0.037), TG (β = 0.003 CI 0.001-0.005), and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.068 CI 0.009-0.128). Decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was unfavorably associated with changes in LDL-c (β = -0.009 CI -0.017 to -0.001) and TG (β = -0.007 CI -0.013 to -0.001). Increase in ≥10 minutes sedentary time was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = 0.017 CI 0.004-0.030), LDL-c (β = 0.003 CI 0.000-0.005), and TG (β = 0.003 CI 0.000-0.004). Decrease in light-intensity physical activity was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = -0.020 CI = -0.040 to 0.000). More physical activity and less prolonged sedentary time are beneficial for cardiometabolic health in youth transitioning to adolescence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CPF.12735
Abstract: Promoting youth sports participation is an excellent strategy to improve health and high‐level sports competition around the world. The aim of this study was to analyse the potential of commonly used physical‐fitness (PF) tests to discriminate against athletes from non‐athletes in young populations. One thousand eight hundred and thirty‐one youth people were analysed (boys: 514 non‐athletes and 401 athletes girls: 722 non‐athletes and 194 athletes) aged 10–18 years (y). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), agility and speed were tested using PF tests. Application of receiver operating characteristics curves was used to assess the discriminatory potential of each PF for distinguishing athletes from non‐athletes, with an area under the curve (AUC) higher than 65% (0.65). In the oldest groups (≥16 y), the speed test at 20 m in boys (AUC = 0.70) and horizontal jump test in girls (AUC = 0.75) were the best discriminators, while the push‐up‐test (AUC 10–11 y boys = 0.68, AUC 14–15 y boys = 0.68, AUC 10–11 y girls = 0.73, AUC 12–13 y girls = 0.87) and the PACER (AUC boys: 12–13 y = 0.68 and AUC girls 14–15 y = 0.73) appeared to be better discriminators than other PF tests, for the younger age‐groups. The speed‐test at 20 m and the horizontal‐jump were the best PF to identify older adolescents with athletic potential, while the PACER and push‐up tests were the most discriminatory for the younger adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-01-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-08-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-12-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103147
Abstract: Consumer wearable and smartphone devices provide an accessible means to objectively measure physical activity (PA) through step counts. With the increasing proliferation of this technology, consumers, practitioners and researchers are interested in leveraging these devices as a means to track and facilitate PA behavioural change. However, while the acceptance of these devices is increasing, the validity of many consumer devices have not been rigorously and transparently evaluated. The Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives to develop best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice consumer wearable and smartphone step counter validation protocol. A two-step process was used to aggregate data and form a scientific foundation for the development of an optimal and feasible validation protocol: (1) a systematic literature review and (2) additional searches of the wider literature pertaining to factors that may introduce bias during the validation of these devices. The systematic literature review process identified 2897 potential articles, with 85 articles deemed eligible for the final dataset. From the synthesised data, we identified a set of six key domains to be considered during design and reporting of validation studies: target population, criterion measure, index measure, validation conditions, data processing and statistical analysis. Based on these six domains, a set of key variables of interest were identified and a ‘basic’ and ‘advanced’ multistage protocol for the validation of consumer wearable and smartphone step counters was developed. The INTERLIVE consortium recommends that the proposed protocol is used when considering the validation of any consumer wearable or smartphone step counter. Checklists have been provided to guide validation protocol development and reporting. The network also provide guidance for future research activities, highlighting the imminent need for the development of feasible alternative ‘gold-standard’ criterion measures for free-living validation. Adherence to these validation and reporting standards will help ensure methodological and reporting consistency, facilitating comparison between consumer devices. Ultimately, this will ensure that as these devices are integrated into standard medical care, consumers, practitioners, industry and researchers can use this technology safely and to its full potential.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-01-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103148
Abstract: Assessing vital signs such as heart rate (HR) by wearable devices in a lifestyle-related environment provides widespread opportunities for public health related research and applications. Commonly, consumer wearable devices assessing HR are based on photoplethysmography (PPG), where HR is determined by absorption and reflection of emitted light by the blood. However, methodological differences and shortcomings in the validation process h er the comparability of the validity of various wearable devices assessing HR. Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being: Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice validation protocol for consumer wearables assessing HR by PPG. The recommendations were developed through the following multi-stage process: (1) a systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, (2) an unstructured review of the wider literature pertaining to factors that may introduce bias during the validation of these devices and (3) evidence-informed expert opinions of the INTERLIVE Network. A total of 44 articles were deemed eligible and retrieved through our systematic literature review. Based on these studies, a wider literature review and our evidence-informed expert opinions, we propose a validation framework with standardised recommendations using six domains: considerations for the target population, criterion measure, index measure, testing conditions, data processing and the statistical analysis. As such, this paper presents recommendations to standardise the validity testing and reporting of PPG-based HR wearables used by consumers. Moreover, checklists are provided to guide the validation protocol development and reporting. This will ensure that manufacturers, consumers, healthcare providers and researchers use wearables safely and to its full potential.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00125-020-05089-5
Abstract: Vascular changes in in iduals with type 2 diabetes mellitus majorly contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with improvements in vascular health. Although CRF tends to improve with exercise training, there remains a portion of participants with little or no improvement. Given the importance of vascular function in in iduals with type 2 diabetes, we assessed whether in iduals who failed to improve CRF following a 1 year exercise intervention also failed to improve arterial stiffness and structural indices. In iduals with type 2 diabetes with no major micro- and macrovascular complications and aged between 30 and 75 years old (n = 63) participated in a three-arm, 1 year, randomised controlled exercise intervention in Lisbon, Portugal. The study involved a non-exercise control group, a moderate continuous training combined with resistance training (RT) group and a high-intensity interval training with RT group. Allocation of participants into the intervention and control groups was done using a computer-generated list of random numbers. An improvement in CRF was defined as a change in [Formula: see text] ≥5%. Vascular stiffness and structural indices were measured using ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry. Generalised estimating equations were used to compare changes in vascular measures across in iduals in the control group (n = 22) and those in the exercise groups who either had improved CRF (CRF responders n = 14) or whose CRF did not improve (CRF non-responders n = 27) following 1 year of exercise training. Compared with the control group, exercisers, with and without improvements in CRF, had decreased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (CRF responders: β = -2.84 [95% CI -5.63, -0.04] CRF non-responders: β = -5.89 [95% CI -9.38, -2.40]) and lower-limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) (CRF responders: β = -0.14 [95% CI -0.25, -0.03] CRF non-responders: β = -0.14 [95% CI -0.25, -0.03]), the latter being an indicator of peripheral arterial stiffness. Only CRF responders had decreased PWV of the upper limb compared with control participants (β = -0.12 [95% CI -0.23, -0.01]). As for central stiffness, CRF non-responders had increased aortic PWV compared with CRF responders (β = 0.19 [95% CI 0.07, 0.31]), whereas only the CRF non-responders had altered carotid distensibility coefficient compared with the control group (β = 0.00 [95% CI 3.01 × 10 Regardless of improvements in CRF, in iduals with type 2 diabetes had significant improvements in carotid IMT and lower-limb arterial stiffness following a 1 year exercise intervention. Thus, a lack of improvement in CRF following exercise in people with type 2 diabetes does not necessarily entail a lack of improvement in vascular health. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03144505 FUNDING: This work was supported by fellowships from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This work is also financed by a national grant through the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), within the unit I&D 472.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-06-2020
Abstract: Cross-sectional evidence exists on the beneficial effects of breaks in sedentary time (BST) on frailty in older adults. Nonetheless, the longitudinal nature of these associations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the direction and temporal order of the association between accelerometer-derived BST and frailty over time in older adults. This longitudinal study analyzed a total of 186 older adults aged 67–90 (76.7 ± 3.9 years 52.7% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging over a 4-year period. Number of daily BST was measured by accelerometry. Frailty was assessed with the Frailty Trait Scale. Multiple cross-lagged panel models were used to test the temporal and reciprocal relationship between BST and frailty. For those physically inactive (n = 126), our analyses revealed a reciprocal inverse relationship between BST and frailty, such as higher initial BST predicted lower levels of later frailty (standardized regression coefficient [β] = −0.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.281, −0.018 p & .05) as well as initial lower frailty levels predicted higher future BST (β = −0.161, 95% CI = −0.310, −0.011 p & .05). Conversely, no significant pathway was found in the active participants (n = 60). In physically inactive older adults, the relationship between BST and frailty is bidirectional, while in active in iduals no associations were found. This investigation provides preliminary longitudinal evidence that breaking-up sedentary time more often reduces frailty in those older adults who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Targeting frequent BST may bring a feasible approach to decrease the burden of frailty among more at-risk inactive older adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2023
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 17-12-2018
DOI: 10.1055/A-0781-2473
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of anthropometry, functional movement patterns (FMP) and physical performance characteristics with repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in male youth soccer players. Thirty six athletes (ages 16.6±0.5 years, BMI 22.0±1.3 kg/m2) completed the RSA test and other physical tests including countermovement jump with (CMJA) and without the help of arms (CMJ), 10-m and 20-m straight-line sprints, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo), and functional movement screen (FMS). In addition, a battery of anthropometric variables was measured. RSA performance components such as best time (BT), mean time (MT) and sprint decrement were calculated. Results showed that measures of physical performance derived from horizontal plane in 10-m and 20-m sprints, were more strongly associated (p .01) with RSA performance than those obtained with CMJ or CMJA (p .05). High correlations (p .01) were found between MT, BT and Yo-Yo distance (r=−0.79, r=−0.67, respectively), as well as with FMS scores (r=−0.68, r=−0.58, respectively). Anthropometric measures, such as fat mass, upper fat area, thigh fat area, calf muscle area, and endomorphy were associated with RSA components (p .05). Predictors for the RSA performance identified in the stepwise multivariate analysis included Yo-Yo distance, time in sprints, FMP, and calf muscle area.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JGS.17141
Abstract: Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and breaks in sedentary time (BST) have been proposed as viable solutions to improve an older adult's physical independence, whereas sedentary time (ST) has been associated with detrimental effects. We sought to assess the joint effects of ST, BST, and MVPA on the physical independence of older adults and determine whether and to what extent the ST relationship with physical independence is moderated by MVPA and/or BST. Cross‐sectional. Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics. Older adults (≥65 years old) from the national surveillance system in Portugal ( n = 821). Physical activity and ST were assessed by accelerometry. Physical independence was assessed using a 12‐item composite physical function (CPF) questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the outcomes. Higher ST was related to lower CPF score ( β = −0.01, p 0.0001), whereas higher MVPA was related to better CPF score ( β = 0.02, p 0.0001). BST was not related to physical independence after accounting for MVPA and ST ( β = 0.03, p = 0.074). MVPA had a moderating effect on the relationship of ST with CPF score ( p 0.0001), where MVPA ≥36.30 min/day ameliorated the significant inverse relationship between ST and CPF. Engaging in ≥107.78 of MVPA resulted in ST having a significant positive relationship with CPF score. No moderation effect was found for BST ( p 0.05). Regardless of the time spent in MVPA and BST, ST was inversely related to CPF. However, MVPA was found to be a moderator of the relationship between ST and physical independence, such that engaging in at least 36 min/day of MVPA may blunt the negative effects of ST. At high levels of MVPA (≥108 min/day), having some ST may actually provide some benefit to an older adult's ability to maintain physical independence.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10935-023-00724-4
Abstract: Screen time shows higher health risks compared to other types of sedentary behaviors. A lockdown may simultaneously increase screen time, reduce physical activity (PA), and change time perception. Our goal was to compare self-reported against objectively measured smartphone screen time (SST) in a s le of active and inactive Portuguese adults before and during a social lockdown. This study was a cross-sectional analysis with 211 Portuguese adults (57.8% males), aged 25.2 ± 8.5 years, from two cohorts, one before the social lockdown and the other during the lockdown. SST was self-reported (SR-SST) and objectively measured using a smartphone (OM-SST). PA was self-reported. Linear regressions were performed to determine the association between SR-SST and OM-SST. A Bland and Altman analysis was used to assess agreement. Independent T-tests were performed for comparisons between cohorts and paired s le T-tests for comparisons within each cohort. The cohort assessed during the lockdown showed a higher SST than the cohort assessed before the lockdown (OM-SST p 0.001 and SR-SST p = 0.009). Before the lockdown, there was no difference between SR-SST and OM-SST ( p = 0.100). However, during the social lockdown, although the agreement between SR-SST and OM-SST was good (ICC = 0.72), participants systematically underestimated their SST by ~ 71 min/day ( p 0.001), and this underestimation was higher in inactive participants (~ 85 min/day) than in active in iduals (~ 49 min/day). The general population needs to be aware of the benefits of limiting screen time, especially during periods of societal modifications, such as a generalized lockdown. There was a tendency to underestimate SST, meaning a lack of awareness of the actual time spent in this potentially deleterious behavior. This underestimation was more pronounced during the lockdown period and for the inactive participants, thus posing a greater health risk. The findings from this investigation entail relevant information for policy makers to delineate strategies for reducing population screen time from a preventive health perspective.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2015.03.013
Abstract: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations can predict total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) in non-athletic healthy populations. This study aimed: a) to develop BIA-based models for TBW and ECW prediction based on dilution methods in a s le of national level athletes and b) to validate the new models with a cross-validation approach in a separate cohort using dilution methods as criterion. Two hundred and eight highly trained athletes (21.3 ± 5.0 years) were evaluated during their respective competitive seasons. Athletes were randomly split into development (n = 139) and validation groups (n = 69). The criterion method for TBW was deuterium dilution and for ECW was bromide dilution, where ICW was the respective difference between both. Resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained with a phase-sensitive 50 kHz BIA device and used for the estimation of TBW and ECW. Athletic BIA-based models were developed for TBW and ECW [TBW = 0.286 + 0.195*S(2)/R + 0.385*Wt + 5.086*Sex ECW = 1.579 + 0.055*S(2)/R + 0.127*Wt + 0.006*S(2)/Xc + 0.932*Sex, where sex is 0 if female or 1 if male, Wt is weight (kg), S is stature (cm), and R and Xc are in ohm (Ω)]. Cross validation revealed R(2) of 0.91 for TBW and R(2) 0.70 for ECW and no mean bias. The new equations can be considered valid, with no observed bias, thus affording practical means to quantify TBW and ECW in national level athletes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964749
Abstract: Investigation into correlates across all levels of the socio-ecological model predictive of objectively measured physical activity has rarely been assessed in adults. While considering a ersity of correlates, we determined which correlates best predict sensor-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary-time (ST) in adults. A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection algorithm was used to hierarchize the correlates associated with high ST (≥66.6
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2019
Abstract: Background : This investigation aimed to analyze the agreement between the GT3X accelerometer and the ActivPAL inclinometer for estimating and detecting changes in sedentary behavior of different contexts among adolescents. Methods : Secondary data from an intervention using standing desks in the classroom conducted within 2 sixth-grade classes (intervention [n = 22] and control [n = 27]) were used. The intervention took place over 16 weeks, with activity assessments (ActivPAL and GT3X) being performed 7 days before and in the last week of the intervention. Baseline information from both groups was considered for cross-sectional analysis (209 valid days), while data from 20 participants (intervention group) were used for longitudinal analysis. Results : The authors observed that GT3X overestimated sedentary time at school (16.8%), after school (13.5%), and during weekends (7.3%) compared with ActivPAL ( P .05). Outside the school (after school [ r = −.188] and on weekends [ r = −.260]), there was a trend to higher overestimation among adolescents with less sedentary behavior. Longitudinally, the GT3X was unable to detect changes resulting from an intervention in school hours (ActivPAL = −34.7 min·9 h −1 vs GT3X = +6.7 min·9 h −1 P .05). Conclusions : The authors conclude that GT3X (cut-point of counts·min −1 ) overestimated sedentary time of free-living activities and did not detect changes resulting from a classroom standing desk intervention in adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S13063-023-07407-9
Abstract: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been linked to several negative health outcomes. Therefore, reducing SB or breaking up prolonged periods of SB improves functional fitness, food consumption, job satisfaction, and productivity. Reducing SB can be achieved by introducing a health-enhancing contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace. The primary goal will be to test the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing and breaking up SB, while improving health outcomes in office-based workers during a 6-month intervention. A two-arm (1:1), superiority parallel-group cluster RCT will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a s le of office-based workers from a university in Portugal. The intervention will consist of a psychoeducation session, motivational prompts, and contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace for 6 months. The control group will work as usual in their workplace, with no contextual change or prompts during the 6-month intervention. Three assessment points will be conducted in both groups, pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes include sedentary and physical activity-related variables, which will be objectively assessed with 24 h monitoring using the ActivPAL for 7 days. The secondary outcomes include (a) biometric indices as body composition, body mass index, waist circumference, and postural inequalities and (b) psychosocial variables such as overall and work-related fatigue, overall discomfort, life/work satisfaction, quality of life, and eating behavior. Both the primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at each assessment point. This study will lean on the use of a sit-stand workstation for 6 months, prompted by an initial psychoeducational session and ongoing motivational prompts. We will aim to contribute to this topic by providing robust data on alternating sitting and standing postures in the workplace. The trial was prospectively registered, and the details are at: 0.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW Registered 15 November 2022. OSF Preregistration.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-02-2021
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DOM.13551
Abstract: To evaluate the impact of one-year high intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MCT) combined with RT on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial included 96 participants with type 2 diabetes for a one-year supervised exercise intervention with three groups: Control, HIIT with RT and MCT with RT). The control group received standard counseling regarding general PA guidelines, with no structured exercise sessions. The main outcome variable was HbA1c (%). Secondary outcomes were other glycaemic variables, body composition, anthropometry measurements, CRF and enjoyment of exercise. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model outcomes. Among the 96 participants enrolled in the intervention, 80 were randomized, with a mean (SD) age of 58.5 years (7.7) and a mean HbA1c of 7.2% (1.6). After adjusting the model for sex and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we found that both the MCT with RT (β, 0.003 P, 0.921) and the HIIT with RT (β, 0.025 P, 0.385) groups had no effect on HbA1c. A favourable effect was observed in the MCT with RT group, with a reduction in whole body fat index (β, -0.062 P, 0.022), android fat index (β, -0.010 P, 0.010) and gynoid fat index (β, -0.013 P, 0.014). Additionally, CRF increased during the intervention, but only in the MCT with RT group (β, 0.185 P, 0.019). The results from this study suggest that there was no effect of either MCT with RT or HIIT with RT on glycaemic control in in iduals with type 2 diabetes. However, the combination of MCT and RT improved body composition and CRF following a one-year intervention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2127377
Abstract: The aging process reflects, in many cases, not only a decline in physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF), but also an increase in overall levels of sedentary time (ST). In order to hierarchically identify the most powerful correlates related to low and high levels of objectively assessed PA, ST, and PF during the late adulthood, a total of 2666 older adults were cross-sectionally evaluated. Multidimensional correlates were obtained through interview. Using chi-squared automatic detection analysis to identify the cluster of correlates with most impact on PA (<21.4 min/day), ST (≥8 hours/day), and PF (<33.3th percentile), was found that the most likely subgroup to be physically inactive consisted of widowers not owning a computer and sport facilities in the neighborhood (94.7%), while not being widowed, reporting to have a family that exercises and a computer at home (54.3%) represented the subgroup less likely to be inactive. Widowers without sidewalks in the neighborhood were the most sedentary group (91.0%), while being a married woman and reporting to have space to exercise at home (40%) formed the most favorable group of correlates regarding ST. Men reporting a financial income <500€ and physical problems frequently formed the group with the lowest PF level (70.3%). In contrast, the less likely subgroup to have low levels of PF level consisted of having a financial income ≥1000€ and a computer at home (3.4%). Future interventions should target widowers with limited accessibility to computer and urban/sport-related infrastructures, as well as impaired older adults with low financial income.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE11131949
Abstract: We aim to examine the changes in health-related physical fitness components, before and after COVID-19 social restrictions, in Police Academy cadets by age, sex, and physical activity (PA) level. A longitudinal analysis of 156 cadets (29.5% women) aged 25.4 ± 5.3 years old was conducted. All variables were collected before and after the lockdown period (13 weeks). PA levels were assessed with a self-reported questionnaire. Health-related physical fitness components were assessed based on the standardized protocols of morphological evaluation, speed, agility, strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity tests. Despite the high correlations between pre- and post-pandemic social restrictions, we found significantly higher values for anthropometric indicators and lower physical fitness levels in post-pandemic restrictions, except for lower-body strength. When stratifying the s le by sex, age, and PA categories, the results indicate that the COVID-19 lockdown tends to differently impact anthropometric indicators and the physical fitness of the cadets, according to their sex, age, and PA categories. Our findings show that our s le reduces several health-related physical fitness components due to the social lockdown, with emphasis on cardiorespiratory fitness in men and upper-limb strength in women, highlighting the need to create effective strategies to keep police officers active during situations of less physical work.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.GAITPOST.2015.03.326
Abstract: Sedentary time, specifically sitting/reclining, is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and premature mortality. Inclinometers have been used as a valid measurement of sedentary time and its patterns however, there is a lack of information regarding the validity of alternative accelerometry and heart rate methods. The validity of GT3X and Actiheart in estimating changes in daily sedentary time and breaks, during free-living settings, using ActivPAL as the reference was examined. A crossover randomized control trial of an intervention that aimed to reduce ∼3 h/day of sitting time included 10 overweight/obese adults (37-65 years). Participants had a total of 74 valid days for the three devices (29 controls 45 interventions). For ActivPAL, sedentary time was measured directly based upon posture (sitting/reclining) Actiheart, the presumed MET cutpoint for sedentary time (<1.5 METs) based on accelerometry+heart rate GT3X, the traditional <100countsmin(-1). A break in sedentary time was defined as when the participants were above the aforementioned cutoffs. GT3X overestimated and Actiheart underestimated sedentary time (bias=135min bias=-156min, respectively) and both methods overestimated breaks in sedentary time (bias=78 bias=235 breaks, respectively). The GT3X method was in better agreement with the ActivPAL sedentary time (r2=0.70 concordance correlation coefficient (CCC)=0.56) than the Actiheart (r2=0.24 CCC=0.31). The present results highlight the magnitude of potential errors in estimating sedentary time and breaks from common alternative methods other than ActivPAL. Because misclassification errors from the commonly used surrogates are potentially large, this raises concern that alternative methods used in many epidemiological observations may have underestimated the true effects caused by too much sitting (ClinicalTrials.govID:NCT02007681).
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2013
Abstract: Acute and chronic caffeine intakes have no impact on hydration status (R.J. Maughan and J. Griffin, J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 16(6): 411–420, 2003), although no research has been conducted to analyze the effects using dilution techniques on total-body water (TBW) and its compartments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on TBW, extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) during a 4-day period in active males. Thirty men, nonsmokers and low caffeine users ( mg·day −1 ), aged 20–39 years, participated in this double-blind, randomized, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: No. NCT01477294). The study included 2 conditions (5 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 of caffeine and placebo (malt-dextrin)) of 4 days each, with a 3-day washout period. TBW and ECW were assessed by deuterium oxide and sodium bromide dilution, respectively, whereas ICW was calculated as TBW minus ECW. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity (PA) was assessed by accelerometry and water intake was assessed by dietary records. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test main effects. No changes in TBW, ECW, or ICW and no interaction between the randomly assigned order of treatment and time were observed (p 0.05). TBW, ECW, and ICW were unrelated to fat-free mass, water ingestion, and PA (p 0.05). These findings indicate that a moderate caffeine dose, equivalent to approximately 5 espresso cups of coffee or 7 servings of tea, does not alter TBW and fluid distribution in healthy men, regardless of body composition, PA, or daily water ingestion.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-05-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S000711451800096X
Abstract: Non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and/or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) reductions may occur from diet and/or exercise-induced negative energy balance interventions, resulting in less-than-expected weight loss. This systematic review describes the effects of prescribed diet and/or physical activity (PA)/exercise on NEPA and/or NEAT in adults. Studies were identified from PubMed, web-of-knowledge, Embase, SPORTDiscus, ERIC and PsycINFO searches up to 1 March 2017. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCT), randomised trials (RT) and non-randomised trials (NRT) objective measures of PA and energy expenditure data on NEPA, NEAT and spontaneous PA ≥10 healthy male/female aged years and ≥7 d length. The trial is registered at PROSPERO-2017-CRD42017052635. In all, thirty-six articles (RCT-10, RT-9, NRT-17) with a total of seventy intervention arms (diet, exercise, combined diet/exercise), with a total of 1561 participants, were included. Compensation was observed in twenty-six out of seventy intervention arms (fifteen studies out of thirty-six reporting declines in NEAT (eight), NEPA (four) or both (three)) representing 63, 27 and 23 % of diet-only, combined diet/exercise, and exercise-only intervention arms, respectively. Weight loss observed in participants who decreased NEAT was double the weight loss found in those who did not compensate, suggesting that the energy imbalance degree may lead to energy conservation. Although these findings do not support the hypothesis that prescribed diet and/or exercise results in decreased NEAT and NEPA in healthy adults, the underpowered trial design and the lack of state-of-the-art methods may limit these conclusions. Future studies should explore the impact of weight-loss magnitude, energetic restriction degree, exercise dose and participant characteristics on NEAT and/or NEPA.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AJHB.23522
Abstract: Physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) are inversely associated with body mass index and waist circumference (WC), whereas sedentary time (ST) seems to boost obesity in youth. The aim was to examine the associations of each selected PF test, PA‐related exposures, and specific ST patterns with obesity and determine the most relevant ones, in a large s le of a school‐aged adolescent. The s le consisted of 2696 Portuguese youth aged 10 to 18 years. Height, weight, and WC were measured. PA and ST components were measured using accelerometry. PF was evaluated using a battery of tests. The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) and push‐up tests seemed to be the exposures that presented the strongest and more consistent associations with obesity, independent of PA/ST profiles ( P .05). The second exposure of relevance for adolescent obesity level was the breaks in ST with a negative relationship regardless of PA/PF profiles ( P .05). Finally, ST accumulated in periods of minutes, and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA were favorably associated with obesity, independent of ST/PF. Independent of PA and ST, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured by PACER, was associated with obesity markers. This may be in part due to the dependence of PACER performance on adiposity. Also, limiting prolonged ST and promoting interruptions in this behavior were associated with obesity. These associations suggest that future research should examine other strategies beyond PA promotion for tackling obesity that consider CRF and breaking ST.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11357-015-9760-6
Abstract: In older adults, sedentary time is positively associated with obesity. The manner in which it is accumulated, i.e., the number of breaks in sedentary time, might be also important. We examined the cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time with abdominal obesity in 301 older adults (111 men and 190 women) aged 75.0 ± 6.8 years. Sedentary time (counts min(-1) < 100) and physical activity were objectively measured by accelerometry, worn during waking hours for at least three consecutive days. A break was defined as an interruption (≥ 100 counts min(-1) 102 cm women >88 cm). Using binary logistic regression analyses, the odds for abdominal obesity decreased 7 % for each additional hourly break in sedentary time in women (OR = 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00), but not men, independently of total sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The odds for abdominal obesity were 3.21 times higher (p = 0.039) for women in quartile 1 ( 353 breaks day(-1)) of daily breaks in sedentary time.These findings indicate that older women who interrupt their sedentary time more frequently are less likely to present abdominal obesity. Public health recommendations regarding breaking-up sedentary time complementary to those for physical activity are likely to be relevant.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 2013
Abstract: Research on the effect of caffeine on energy expenditure (EE), physical activity (PA), and total sleep time (TST) during free-living conditions using objective measures is scarce. We aimed to determine the impact of a moderate dose of caffeine on TST, resting EE (REE), physical activity EE (PAEE), total EE (TEE), and daily time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities in a 4-day period and the acute effects on heart rate (HR) and EE in physically active males. Using a double-blind crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01477294) with two conditions (4 days each with 3-day washout) randomly ordered as caffeine (5 mg/kg of body mass/day) and placebo (maltodextrin) administered twice per day (2.5 mg/kg), 30 nonsmoker males, low-caffeine users ( mg/day), aged 20–39, were followed. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA was assessed by accelerometry, while a combined HR and movement sensor estimated EE and HR on the second hour after the first administration dose. REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and PAEE was calculated as [TEE − (REE + 0.1TEE)]. TST and daily food records were obtained. Repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. After a 4-day period, adjusting for fat-free mass, PAEE, and REE, TST was reduced (p = 0.022) under caffeine intake, while no differences were found between conditions for REE, PAEE, TEE, and PA patterns. Also, no acute effects on HR and EE were found between conditions. Though a large in idual variability was observed, our findings revealed no acute or long-term effects of caffeine on EE and PA but decreased TST during free-living conditions in healthy males.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2017.2
Abstract: It is well documented that meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines of 150 min per week is protective against chronic disease, and this is likely explained by higher energy expenditure (EE). In opposition, sedentary behavior (low EE) seems to impair health outcomes. There are gold standard methods to measure EE such as the doubly labeled water (DLW) or calorimetry. These methods are highly expensive and rely on complex techniques. Motion sensors present a good alternative to estimate EE and have been validated against these reference methods. This review summarizes findings from previous reviews and the most recently published studies on the validity of different motion sensors to estimate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) against DLW, and whether adding other indicators may improve these estimations in children and adults. Regardless of the recognized validity of motion sensors to estimate PAEE and TEE at the group level, in idual bias is very high even when combining biometric or physiological indicators. In children, accelerometers explained 13% of DLW's PAEE variance and 31% of TEE variance. In adults, DLW's explained variance was higher, 29 and 44% for PAEE and TEE, respectively. There is no ideal device, but identifying postures seems to be relevant for both children and adults' PAEE estimates. The variance associated with the number of methodological choices that these devices require invite investigators to work with the raw data in order to standardize all these procedures and potentiate the accelerometer signal-derived information. Models that consider biometric covariates seem only to improve TEE estimations, but adding heart rate enhances PAEE estimations in both children and adults.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-11-2020
Abstract: Aging causes some unfavorable morphological and functional changes, such as the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time seem to be related with these alterations, but the impact of distinct patterns remains unclear. The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally and prospectively assess the association between objectively measured MVPA and sedentary patterns (bouts and breaks) with BMD and physical function in older adults. The study considered 151 Brazilians (aged ≥ 60 years), out of which 68 participants completed 2-year follow-up measurements. MVPA and sedentary patterns were measured by means of accelerometry, BMD—(total proximal femur and lumbar spine (L1-L4)) by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical function—by means of physical tests. In older women, sedentary bouts min were inversely associated with handgrip strength (β = −2.03, 95% CI: from −3.43 to −0.63). The prospective analyses showed that changes in sedentary bouts (20 to 30 min and min) were inversely associated with changes in the lumbar spine’s BMD (β = −0.01, 95% CI: from −0.01 to −0.00 and β = −0.03, 95% CI: from −0.06 to −0.01) and the lumbar spine’s T-score (β = −0.06, 95% CI: from −0.10 to −0.01 and β = −0.27, 95% CI: from −0.49 to −0.04), respectively. In older women, sedentary patterns are cross-sectionally associated with handgrip strength and prospectively associated with BMD independent of MVPA.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2014
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2014.51
Abstract: A combined heart rate (HR) and motion sensor (Actiheart) has been proposed as an accurate method for assessing total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). However, the extent to which factors such as caffeine may affect the accuracy by which the estimated HR-related PAEE contribution will affect TEE and PAEE estimates is unknown. Therefore, we examined the validity of Actiheart in estimating TEE and PAEE in free-living adults under a caffeine trial compared with doubly labeled water (DLW) as reference criterion. Using a double-blind crossover trial (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: #NCT01477294) with two conditions (4-day each with a 3-day-washout period), randomly ordered as caffeine (5 mg/kg per day) and placebo (malt-dextrine) intake, TEE was measured by DLW in 17 physically active men (20-38 years) who were non-caffeine users. In each condition, resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed by indirect calorimetry and PAEE was calculated as (TEE-(REE+0.1 TEE)). Simultaneously, PAEE and TEE were estimated by Actiheart using an in idual calibration (ACC+HRstep). Under caffeine, ACC+HRstep explained 76 and 64% of TEE and PAEE from DLW, respectively corresponding results for the placebo condition were 82 and 66%. No mean bias was found between ACC+HRstep and DLW for TEE (caffeine:-468 kJ per day placebo:-407 kJ per day), although PAEE was slightly underestimated (caffeine:-856 kJ per day placebo:-1147 kJ per day). Similar limits of agreement were observed in both conditions ranging from -2066 to 3002 and from -3488 to 1776 kJ per day for TEE and PAEE, respectively. Regardless of caffeine intake, the combined HR and motion sensor is valid for estimating free-living energy expenditure in a group of healthy men but is less accurate for an in idual assessment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-05-2017
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2017.84
Abstract: To examine compensatory changes in sedentary behavior (SB) and light-intensity physical activities (LIPA) in response to a 22-week exercise training program in overweight/obese adults and to determine if different forms of exercise training and physical activity recommendations interact with these compensatory changes. Eighty-nine overweight and obese in iduals (body mass index (BMI): 25-34.9 kg/m LIPA increased significantly (P<0.001) after three months and at the end of intervention compared to baseline (pre: 281±9 min 3 months: 303±9 min post: 312±8 min). SB percentage decreased by 5.3 at the end of the intervention (P=0.002). No interactions were observed between groups or sexes. Significant correlations were found between SB and body weight, fat mass, android fat mass and lean body mass before and after the intervention (P<0.05). LIPA was also significantly correlated with all these body composition variables in the pre-intervention, but only correlated with body weight at the end of intervention. There were no compensatory changes after a combined exercise and diet program where minutes in LIPA increased and %SB decreased after the program, without differences among exercise modes. Greater physical activity levels can contribute to a better percentage and distribution of body tissues.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 10-04-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2666089/V1
Abstract: Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been linked to several negative health outcomes. Therefore, reducing SB or breaking-up prolonged periods of SB improves functional fitness, food consumption, job satisfaction and productivity. Reducing SB can be achieved by introducing a health-enhancing contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace. The primary goal will be to test the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing and breaking-up SB, while improving health outcomes in office-based workers during a 6-month intervention. Methods: A two-arm (1:1), superiority parallel-group cluster RCT will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a s le of office-based workers from a university in Portugal. The intervention will consist of a psychoeducation session, motivational prompts, and contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace for 6 months. The control group will work as usual in their workplace, with no contextual change or prompts during the 6-month intervention. Three assessment points will be conducted in both groups, pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes include sedentary and physical activity-related variables, which will be objectively assessed with 24h monitoring using the ActivPAL for 7 days. The secondary outcomes include a) biometric indices as body composition, body mass index, waist circumference and postural inequalities and b) psychosocial variables such as overall and work-related fatigue, overall discomfort, life/work satisfaction, quality of life, and eating behavior. Both the primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at each assessment point. Discussion: This study will lean on the use of a sit-stand workstation for 6 months, prompted by an initial psychoeducational session and ongoing motivational prompts. We will aim to contribute to this topic by providing robust data on alternating sitting and standing postures in the workplace. Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered, and the details are at: 0.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW Registered 15 November 2022. OSF Preregistration.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-09-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1474537
Abstract: We aimed to describe ST and its patterns on a national level. A hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT1M) was used to collect data during waking hours from 4575 Portuguese' participants from 2007-2009 (2683 females) aged 10-102 years old. Data was presented by sex, in 5-years age intervals, and by adolescents (n=2833), adults (n=1122), and older adults (n=620). Lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) smoothed percentile curves were estimated. Girls, women, and older women spent 61, 57, and 64% of wear time in ST, respectively. In males, ST represented 57, 60, and 62% of wear time respectively for boys, men, and older men. Comparing to other age groups, older adults spent a larger amount of ST in bouts ≥30-min (women: 33%, men: 39% of total ST). The number of breaks/ST hour were: 10.6 in girls, 11.7 in women, and 9.6 in older women. In males, the number of breaks/ST hour were: 11.2, 10.5, and 8.5 for boys, men, and older men. In conclusion, ST was not consistently higher at older ages. Instead, we found that the potential critical moments in which ST may be higher are during adolescence and in the transition from adulthood into older adulthood, which represents critical periods for interventions.
Location: Portugal
Location: Portugal
Start Date: 2012
End Date: 2016
Funder: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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