ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6024-4355
Current Organisation
Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.10531
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/SR99112
Abstract: Land application of piggery effluent (containing urine, faeces, water, and wasted feed) is under close scrutiny as a potential source of water resource contamination with phosphorus (P). This paper investigates 2 case studies of the impact of long-term piggery effluent-P application to soil. A Natrustalf (Sodosol) at P1 has received a net load of 3700 kg effluent P/ha over 19 years. The Haplustalf (Dermosol) selected (P2) has received a net load of 310 000 kg P/ha over 30 years. Total, bicarbonate-extractable, and soluble P forms were determined throughout the soil profiles for paired (irrigated and unirrigated) sites at P1 and P2, as well as P sorption and desorption characteristics. Surface bicarbonate (P B , 0–0.05 m depth) and dilute CaCl 2 -extractable molybdate-reactive P (P C ) have been significantly elevated by effluent irrigation (P1: P B unirrigated 231, irrigated 2906 P C unirrigated 0.030.00, irrigated 23.90.2 P2: P B unirrigated 7248, irrigated 39501960 P C unirrigated 0.70.0, irrigated 443287 mg P/kg means.d.). Phosphorus enrichment to 1.5 m, detected as P B , was observed at P2. Elevated concentrations of CaCl 2 -extractable organic P forms (P OC estimated by non-molybdate reactive P in centrifuged supernatants) were observed from the soil surface of P1 to a depth of 0.4 m. Despite the extent of effluent application at both of these sites, only P1 displayed evidence of significant accumulation of P OC . The increase in surface soil total P (0–0.05 m depth) due to effluent irrigation was much greater than laboratory P sorption ( times for P1 times for P2) for a comparable range of final solution concentrations (desorption extracts range 1–5 mg P/L for P1 and 50–80 mg P/L for P2). Precipitation of sparingly soluble P phases was evidenced in the soils of the P2 effluent application area.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJO.13436
Abstract: In Australia, using non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to screen for fetal abnormalities is becoming more commonplace. However, there is a lack of standardised procedures surrounding pre‐test counselling. This holds the potential for variability in pregnant people’s experiences when undergoing NIPT, which subsequently may impact their ability to make informed decisions surrounding NIPT results. This study sought to characterise the experiences of Australian women undergoing NIPT, including perceptions of informed choice, counselling experiences and decision to undergo NIPT. Australian women who had been recently pregnant ( n = 94) completed an online survey which assessed: their knowledge of and attitude toward NIPT satisfaction with counselling satisfaction with their decision and decisional conflict to undergo NIPT. The survey also allowed participants to provide qualitative information about their counselling experience and reasons for undergoing NIPT. Overall, participants had good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward NIPT, experienced low decisional conflict and were overall satisfied with their counselling experience and decision to undergo NIPT. However, some participants expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of information provided, and biased language, by counselling providers. The desire to be informed was the most frequent reason for undergoing NIPT. The provision of accurate and objective information in pre‐test counselling is important to reduce decisional conflict and improve satisfaction with the decision to undergo NIPT. It is recommended counselling providers present pregnant people with neutral, objective, and accurate information at the time of pre‐test counselling.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/AN17388
Abstract: Feed waste in pork production sheds can amount to substantial economic losses. No simple methods exist to quantify this waste, which commonly ends up in the effluent stream. Monitoring piggery effluent might offer producers a practical alert solution for feed waste losses. We investigated piggery effluent pH as a potential marker of feed waste, given that most feed substrates and breakdown products are acidic whereas effluent is alkaline. To explore this prospective relationship, we constructed simulated effluent streams comprising faeces, urine and feed. These waste components were acquired from a commercial batch grower shed, at four different times over the 12-week growth cycle. In laboratory settings (25°C) we used the collected wastes to simulate the two stages of typical flushing piggery effluent systems: (1) Faeces + urine + feed waste accumulation in flushing channels, and (2) flush water mixing with these wastes in an effluent collection sump. We repeated the exercise for a one-off s ling event at a sow facility. For all events, at the grower and sow facility, the pH of the simulated effluents yielded exponentially decreasing relationships with increasing feed waste level (P & 0.05). For the grower facility we applied each of the four laboratory-derived relationships to the farm’s sump effluent pH, which was measured during each of these s ling events. The predicted feed waste levels were commensurate with estimates of feed waste for the same facility derived from alternative, time intensive approaches reported in other studies. Further work is needed to transition the promising results uncovered here into an alert system to help farmers improve profitability and minimise waste.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/SR00087
Abstract: Attention is directed at land application of piggery effluent (containing urine, faeces, water, and wasted feed) as a potential source of water resource contamination with phosphorus (P). This paper summarises P-related properties of soil from the 0–0.05 m depth at 11 piggery effluent application sites, in order to explore the impact that effluent application has had on the potential for runoff transport of P. The sites investigated were situated on Alfisol, Mollisol, Vertisol, and Spodosol soils in areas that received effluent for 1.5–30 years (estimated effluent-P applications of 100–310 000 kg P& sol ha in total). Total (PT), bicarbonate extractable (PB), and soluble P forms were determined for the soil (0–0.05 m) at paired effluent and no-effluent sites, as well as texture, oxalate-extractable Fe and Al, organic carbon, and pH. All forms of soil P at 0–0.05 m depth increased with effluent application (PB at effluent sites was 1.7–15 times that at no-effluent sites) at 10 of the 11 sites. Increases in PB were strongly related to net P applications (regression analysis of log values for 7 sites with complete data sets: 82.6& ercnt of variance accounted for, P & 0.01). Effluent irrigation tended to increase the proportion of soil PT in dilute CaCl2-extractable forms (PTC: effluent average 2.0& ercnt , no-effluent average 0.6& ercnt ). The proportion of PTC in nonmolybdate reactive forms (centrifuged supernatant) decreased (no-effluent average 46.4& ercnt , effluent average 13.7& ercnt ). Anaerobic lagoon effluent did not reliably acidify soil, since no consistent relationship was observed for pH with effluent application. Soil organic carbon was increased in most of the effluent areas relative to the no-effluent areas. The 4 effluent areas where organic carbon was reduced had undergone intensive cultivation and cropping. Current effluent management at many of the piggeries failed to maximise the potential for waste P recapture. Ten of the case study effluent application areas have received effluent-P in excess of crop uptake. While this may not represent a significant risk of leaching where sorption retains P, it has increased the risk of transport of P by runoff. Where such sites are close to surface water, runoff P loads should be managed. runoff, phosphorus, swine, hog.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/AN14771
Abstract: On beef cattle feed pen surfaces, fresh and decayed manure is mixed with base rock or soil (base). Quantifying this mixing has beneficial applications for aspects including nutrient and greenhouse gas budgeting. However, no practical methods exist to quantify mixing. We investigated if measuring element concentrations in: (A) fresh manure, (B) base material, and (C) pen manure offers a promising method to quantify manure/base mixing on pen surfaces. Using three operational beef feedlots as study sites, we targeted carbon (C), and silicon (Si), which are the two most abundant and easily measurable organic and inorganic elements. Our results revealed that C concentrations were strongly ( times) and significantly (P 0.05) higher whereas Si concentrations strongly ( times) and significantly (P 0.01) lower in fresh manure than base material at all three sites. These relative concentrations were not significantly impacted by manure decay, as determined by an 18-week incubation experiment. This suggested that both of these elements are suitable markers for quantifying base/manure mixing on pens. However, due to the chemical change of manure during decay, C was shown to be an imprecise marker of base/manure mixing. By contrast, using Si to estimate base/manure mixing was largely unaffected by manure decay. These findings were confirmed by measuring C and Si concentrations in stockpiled pen surface manure from one of the sites. Using Si concentrations is a promising approach to quantify base/manure mixing on feed pens given that this element is abundantly concentrated in soils and rocks.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2013
Abstract: Measurement of in idual emission sources (e.g., animals or pen manure) within intensive livestock enterprises is necessary to test emission calculation protocols and to identify targets for decreased emissions. In this study, a vented, fabric-covered large chamber (4.5 × 4.5 m, 1.5 m high encompassing greater spatial variability than a smaller chamber) in combination with on-line analysis (nitrous oxide [NO] and methane [CH] via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 1 analysis min) was tested as a means to isolate and measure emissions from beef feedlot pen manure sources. An exponential model relating chamber concentrations to ambient gas concentrations, air exchange (e.g., due to poor sealing with the surface model linear when ≈ 0 m s), and chamber dimensions allowed data to be fitted with high confidence. Alternating manure source emission measurements using the large-chamber and the backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) technique (5-mo period bLS validated via tracer gas release, recovery 94-104%) produced comparable NO and CH emission values (no significant difference at < 0.05). Greater precision of in idual measurements was achieved via the large chamber than for the bLS (mean ± standard error of variance components: bLS half-hour measurements, 99.5 ± 325 μg CH s and 9.26 ± 20.6 μg NO s large-chamber measurements, 99.6 ± 64.2 μg CH s and 8.18 ± 0.3 μg NO s). The large-chamber design is suitable for measurement of emissions from manure on pen surfaces, isolating these emissions from surrounding emission sources, including enteric emissions.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/AN15519
Abstract: Land-applied manures produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas (GHG). Land application can also result in ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, leading to indirect N2O emissions. Here, we summarise a glasshouse investigation into the potential for vermiculite, a clay with a high cation exchange capacity, to decrease N2O emissions from livestock manures (beef, pig, broiler, layer), as well as urea, applied to soils. Our hypothesis is that clays adsorb ammonium, thereby suppressing NH3 volatilisation and slowing N2O emission processes. We previously demonstrated the ability of clays to decrease emissions at the laboratory scale. In this glasshouse work, manure and urea application rates varied between 50 and 150 kg nitrogen (N)/ha. Clay : manure ratios ranged from 1 : 10 to 1 : 1 (dry weight basis). In the 1-year trial, the above-mentioned N sources were incorporated with vermiculite in 1 L pots containing Sodosol and Ferrosol growing a model pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum or kikuyu grass). Gas emissions were measured periodically by placing the pots in gas-tight bags connected to real-time continuous gas analysers. The vermiculite achieved significant (P ≤ 0.05) and substantial decreases in N2O emissions across all N sources (70% on average). We are currently testing the technology at the field scale which is showing promising emission decreases (~50%) as well as increases (~20%) in dry matter yields. This technology clearly has merit as an effective GHG mitigation strategy, with potential associated agronomic benefits, although it needs to be verified by a cost–benefit analysis.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-02-2019
Abstract: Dicyandiamide (DCD) has been studied as a stabilizer for nitrogen fertilizers for over 50 years. Its efficacy is limited at elevated temperatures, but this could be addressed by encapsulation to delay exposure. Here, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was investigated as a biodegradable matrix for the encapsulation of DCD. Cylindrical ∼3 mm × 3 mm pellets were fabricated through extrusion processing with 23 wt % DCD. Release kinetics were monitored in water, sand, and both active and γ-irradiated agricultural clay loam soils. Raman maps showed a wide particle size distribution of DCD crystals and indicated that Hitachi's classic moving front theory did not hold for this formulation. The inhibitor release kinetics were mediated by four distinct mechanisms: (i) initial rapid dissolution of surface DCD, (ii) channeling of water through voids and pores in the PHBV matrix, (iii) gradual diffusion of water and DCD through layers of PHBV, and (iv) biodegradation of the PHBV matrix. After ∼6 months, 45-100% release occurred, depending on the release media. PHBV is shown to be an effective, biodegradable matrix for the long-term slow release of nitrification inhibitors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 30-05-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2016
Abstract: Clays could underpin a viable agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement technology given their affinity for nitrogen and carbon compounds. We provide the first investigation into the efficacy of clays to decrease agricultural nitrogen GHG emissions (i.e., NO and NH). Via laboratory experiments using an automated closed-vessel analysis system, we tested the capacity of two clays (vermiculite and bentonite) to decrease NO and NH emissions and organic carbon losses from livestock manures (beef, pig, poultry, and egg layer) incorporated into an agricultural soil. Clay addition levels varied, with a maximum of 1:1 to manure (dry weight). Cumulative gas emissions were modeled using the biological logistic function, with 15 of 16 treatments successfully fitted ( < 0.05) by this model. When assessing all of the manures together, NH emissions were lower (×2) at the highest clay addition level compared with no clay addition, but this difference was not significant ( = 0.17). Nitrous oxide emissions were significantly lower (×3 < 0.05) at the highest clay addition level compared with no clay addition. When assessing manures in idually, we observed generally decreasing trends in NH and NO emissions with increasing clay addition, albeit with widely varying statistical significance between manure types. Most of the treatments also showed strong evidence of increased C retention with increasing clay additions, with up to 10 times more carbon retained in treatments containing clay compared with treatments containing no clay. This preliminary assessment of the efficacy of clays to mitigate agricultural GHG emissions indicates strong promise.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.WASMAN.2015.08.019
Abstract: With livestock manures being increasingly sought as alternatives to costly synthetic fertilisers, it is imperative that we understand and manage their associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here we provide the first dedicated assessment into how the GHG emitting potential of various manures responds to the different stages of the manure management continuum (e.g., from feed pen surface vs stockpiled). The research is important from the perspective of manure application to agricultural soils. Manures studied included: manure from beef feedpen surfaces and stockpiles poultry broiler litter (8-week batch) fresh and composted egg layer litter and fresh and composted piggery litter. Gases assessed were methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the two principal agricultural GHGs. We employed proven protocols to determine the manures' ultimate CH4 producing potential. We also devised a novel incubation experiment to elucidate their N2O emitting potential a measure for which no established methods exist. We found lower CH4 potentials in manures from later stages in their management sequence compared with earlier stages, but only by a factor of 0.65×. Moreover, for the beef manures this decrease was not significant (P<0.05). Nitrous oxide emission potential was significantly positively (P<0.05) correlated with C/N ratios yet showed no obvious relationship with manure management stage. Indeed, N2O emissions from the composted egg manure were considerably (13×) and significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the fresh egg manure. Our study demonstrates that manures from all stages of the manure management continuum potentially entail significant GHG risk when applied to arable landscapes. Efforts to harness manure resources need to account for this.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1080/713610959
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.07.135
Abstract: Delivering nutrients from mineral or organic fertilizers out of synchrony with crop uptake causes inefficiencies and pollution. We explore methodologies for evaluating sorbents as additives to organic agricultural wastes to retain nitrogen in an exchangeable form and deliver at rates that approximate the uptake capacity of roots. Focussing on ammonium (NH
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.05.068
Abstract: The key to better nutrient efficiency is to simultaneously improve uptake and decrease losses. This study sought to achieve this balance using sorbent additions and manure nutrients (spent poultry litter SL) compared with results obtained using conventional sources (Conv urea nitrogen, N and phosphate-phosphorus P). Two experiments were conducted. Firstly, a phosphorus pot trial involving two soils (sandy and clay) based on a factorial design (Digitaria eriantha/Pennisetum clandestinum). Subsequently, a factorial N and P field trial was conducted on the clay soil (D. eriantha/Lolium rigidum). In the pot trial, sorbent additions (26.2g of hydrotalcite [HT] gP(-1)) to the Conv treatment deferred P availability (both soils) as did SL in the sandy soil. In this soil, P delivery by the Conv treatments declined rapidly, and began to fall behind the HT and SL treatments. Addition of HT increased post-trial Colwell P. In the field trial low HT-rates (3.75 and 7.5g of HTgP(-1)) plus bentonite, allowed dry matter production and nutrient uptake to match that of Conv treatments, and increased residual mineral-N. The SL treatments performed similarly to (or better than) Conv treatments regarding nutrient uptake. With successive application, HT forms may provide better supply profiles than Conv treatments. Our findings, combined with previous studies, suggest it is possible to use manures and ion-exchangers to match conventional N and P source productivity with lower risk of nutrient losses.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/AN12367
Abstract: Ammonia volatilisation from manure materials within poultry sheds can adversely affect production, and also represents a loss of fertiliser value from the spent litter. This study sought to compare the ability of alum and bentonite to decrease volatilisation losses of ammonia from spent poultry litter. An in-vessel volatilisation trial with air flushing, ammonia collection, and ammonia analysis was conducted over 64 days to evaluate the mitigation potential of these two materials. Water-saturated spent litter was incubated at 25°C in untreated condition (control) or with three treatments: an industry-accepted rate of alum [4% Al2(SO4)3·18H2O by dry mass of litter dry mass ALUM], air-dry bentonite (127% by dry mass BENT), or water-saturated bentonite (once again at 127% by dry mass SATBENT). A high proportion of the nitrogen contained in the untreated spent litter was volatilised (62%). Bentonite additions were superior to alum additions at retaining spent litter ammonia (nitrogen losses: 15%, SATBENT 34%, BENT 54%, ALUM). Where production considerations favour comparable high rates of bentonite addition (e.g. where the litter is to be re-formulated as a fertiliser), this clay has potential to decrease ammonia volatilisation either in-shed or in spent litter stockpiles or formulated products, without the associated detrimental effect of alum on phosphorus availability.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/AN17310
Abstract: The nitrogen (N) excreted at intensive livestock operations is vulnerable to volatilisation, and, subsequently, may form a source of indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The present study simultaneously investigated volatilisation and deposition of N at a beef feedlot, semi-continuously over a 129-day period. These data were examined relative to pen manure parameters, management statistics and emission-inventory calculation protocols. Volatilisation measurements were conducted using a single, heated air-s ling inlet, centrally located in a feedlot pen area, with real time concentration analysis via cavity ring-down spectroscopy and backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) modelling. Net deposited mineral-N was determined via two transects of soil-deposition traps, with s les collected and re-deployed every 2 weeks. Total volatilised ammonia amounted to 210 tonnes of NH3-N (127 g/animal.day), suggesting that the inventory volatilisation factor probably underestimated volatilisation in this case (inventory, 30% of excreted N 65 g N volatilised/animal.day a value of ~60% of excreted N is indicated). Temperature contrast between the manure and air was observed to play a significant role in the rate of emission (R2 = 0.38 0.46 Kendall’s tau P & 0.05). Net deposition within 600 m of the pen boundary represented only 1.7% to 3% of volatilised NH4+-N, between 3.6 and 6.7 tonnes N. Beyond this distance, deposition approached background rates (~0.4 kg N/ha.year).
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/AN15454
Abstract: Grain finishing of cattle has become increasingly common in Australia over the past 30 years. However, interest in the associated environmental impacts and resource use is increasing and requires detailed analysis. In this study we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate impacts of the grain-finishing stage for cattle in seven feedlots in eastern Australia, with a particular focus on the feedlot stage, including the impacts from producing the ration, feedlot operations, transport, and livestock emissions while cattle are in the feedlot (gate-to-gate). The functional unit was 1 kg of liveweight gain (LWG) for the feedlot stage and results are included for the full supply chain (cradle-to-gate), reported per kilogram of liveweight (LW) at the point of slaughter. Three classes of cattle produced for different markets were studied: short-fed domestic market (55–80 days on feed), mid-fed export (108–164 days on feed) and long-fed export ( days on feed). In the feedlot stage, mean fresh water consumption was found to vary from 171.9 to 672.6 L/kg LWG and mean stress-weighted water use ranged from 100.9 to 193.2 water stress index eq. L/kg LWG. Irrigation contributed 57–91% of total fresh water consumption with differences mainly related to the availability of irrigation water near the feedlot and the use of irrigated feed inputs in rations. Mean fossil energy demand ranged from 16.5 to 34.2 MJ lower heating values/kg LWG and arable land occupation from 18.7 to 40.5 m2/kg LWG in the feedlot stage. Mean greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the feedlot stage ranged from 4.6 to 9.5 kg CO2-e/kg LWG (excluding land use and direct land-use change emissions). Emissions were dominated by enteric methane and contributions from the production, transport and milling of feed inputs. Linear regression analysis showed that the feed conversion ratio was able to explain % of the variation in GHG intensity and energy demand. The feedlot stage contributed between 26% and 44% of total slaughter weight for the classes of cattle fed, whereas the contribution of this phase to resource use varied from 4% to 96% showing impacts from the finishing phase varied considerably, compared with the breeding and backgrounding. GHG emissions and total land occupation per kilogram of LWG during the grain finishing phase were lower than emissions from breeding and backgrounding, resulting in lower life-time emissions for grain-finished cattle compared with grass finishing.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/AN13504
Abstract: Australia’s and New Zealand’s major agricultural manure management emission sources are reported to be, in descending order of magnitude: (1) methane (CH4) from dairy farms in both countries (2) CH4 from pig farms in Australia and nitrous oxide (N2O) from (3) beef feedlots and (4) poultry sheds in Australia. We used literature to critically review these inventory estimates. Alarmingly for dairy farm CH4 (1), our review revealed assumptions and omissions that when addressed could dramatically increase this emission estimate. The estimate of CH4 from Australian pig farms (2) appears to be accurate, according to industry data and field measurements. The N2O emission estimates for beef feedlots (3) and poultry sheds (4) are based on northern hemisphere default factors whose appropriateness for Australia is questionable and unverified. Therefore, most of Australasia’s key livestock manure management greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles are either questionable or are unsubstantiated by region-specific research. Encouragingly, GHG from dairy shed manure are relatively easy to mitigate because they are a point source which can be managed by several ‘close-to-market’ abatement solutions. Reducing these manure emissions therefore constitutes an opportunity for meaningful action sooner compared with the more difficult-to-implement and long-term strategies that currently dominate agricultural GHG mitigation research. At an international level, our review highlights the critical need to carefully reassess GHG emission profiles, particularly if such assessments have not been made since the compilation of original inventories. Failure to act in this regard presents the very real risk of missing the ‘low hanging fruit’ in the rush towards a meaningful response to climate change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2015
Abstract: Few data exist on direct greenhouse gas emissions from pen manure at beef feedlots. However, emission inventories attempt to account for these emissions. This study used a large chamber to isolate NO and CH emissions from pen manure at two Australian commercial beef feedlots (stocking densities, 13-27 m head) and related these emissions to a range of potential emission control factors, including masses and concentrations of volatile solids, NO, total N, NH, and organic C (OC), and additional factors such as total manure mass, cattle numbers, manure pack depth and density, temperature, and moisture content. Mean measured pen NO emissions were 0.428 kg ha d (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.252-0.691) and 0.00405 kg ha d (95% CI, 0.00114-0.0110) for the northern and southern feedlots, respectively. Mean measured CH emission was 0.236 kg ha d (95% CI, 0.163-0.332) for the northern feedlot and 3.93 kg ha d (95% CI, 2.58-5.81) for the southern feedlot. Nitrous oxide emission increased with density, pH, temperature, and manure mass, whereas negative relationships were evident with moisture and OC. Strong relationships were not evident between NO emission and masses or concentrations of NO or total N in the manure. This is significant because many standard inventory calculation protocols predict NO emissions using the mass of N excreted by the animal.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-09-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-04-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.12.052
Abstract: More than half of the applied conventional fertiliser nitrogen (N) in cropping systems can be lost to the environment, resulting in water and air pollution. Farming systems that ensure efficient fertiliser use are crucial to sustain crop productivity without harming the environment. One avenue to achieve this is the use of bio-fertilisers with recognised benefits for plant nutrition and soil heath. Within this area, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are increasingly applied to enhance plant nutrient acquisition and assimilation. Here, we investigated if PGPR can improve fertiliser performance. We show that the addition of PGPR to soils amended with 50% organic and 50% conventional N fertilisers increased the growth of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), producing yields similar to those obtained using 100% conventional N fertiliser. Encouragingly, this combination also reduced mineral N leaching by 95% relative to the all conventional fertiliser treatment. These findings suggest that using organic and synthetic fertilisers together in the presence of PGPR is a promising approach for sustaining plant growth while reducing potential pollution from inefficient use of conventional N fertilisers.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2008
Location: Australia
Start Date: Start date not available
End Date: 2015
Funder: DAFF/Australian Pork Limited/Meat and Livestock Australia/Australian Egg Corporation/RIRDC/
View Funded ActivityStart Date: Start date not available
End Date: 2013
Funder: Meat and Livestock Australia
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