ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0541-6094
Current Organisations
Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
,
Rothamsted Research
,
University of Auckland School of Medicine
,
Starship Children's Health
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Publications
A survey-based analysis of the academic job market
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 12-06-2020
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.54097
Abstract: Many postdoctoral researchers apply for faculty positions knowing relatively little about the hiring process or what is needed to secure a job offer. To address this lack of knowledge about the hiring process we conducted a survey of applicants for faculty positions: the survey ran between May 2018 and May 2019, and received 317 responses. We analyzed the responses to explore the interplay between various scholarly metrics and hiring outcomes. We concluded that, above a certain threshold, the benchmarks traditionally used to measure research success – including funding, number of publications or journals published in – were unable to completely differentiate applicants with and without job offers. Respondents also reported that the hiring process was unnecessarily stressful, time-consuming, and lacking in feedback, irrespective of outcome. Our findings suggest that there is considerable scope to improve the transparency of the hiring process.
A Brief History of Nutritional Rickets
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-11-2019
Consensus guidelines on the use of bisphosphonate therapy in children and adolescents
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13768
Abstract: Bisphosphonate therapy is the mainstay of pharmacological intervention in young people with skeletal fragility. The evidence of its use in a variety of conditions remains limited despite over three decades of clinical experience. On behalf of the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group, this evidence-based consensus guideline presents recommendations and discusses the graded evidence (using the GRADE system) for these recommendations. Primary bone fragility disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta are considered separately from osteoporosis secondary to other clinical conditions (such as cerebral palsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy). The use of bisphosphonates in non-fragility conditions, such as fibrous dysplasia, avascular necrosis, bone cysts and hypercalcaemia, is also discussed. While these guidelines provide an evidence-based approach where possible, further research is required in all clinical applications in order to strengthen the recommendations made.
Developing a novel integrated model of p38 MAPK and glucocorticoid signalling pathways
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2012
A β-Turn Rich Barley Seed Protein Is Correctly Folded in Escherichia coli
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1994
Abstract: Wild-type and cysteine-containing mutant C hordeins from barley were expressed in Escherichia coli at high levels (> or = 30mg/liter). N-terminal sequence analysis, SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, cd spectroscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering demonstrated that their physicochemical properties were similar to those of C hordeins isolated from barley grain. This indicates that the expressed proteins were correctly folded. The cysteine-containing mutant showed evidence of polymer formation in E. coli, nonreduced preparations of the protein showing the presence of polymers that were replaced by a single protein when a reducing agent was added.
Aberrant phase separation is a common killing strategy of positively charged peptides in biology and human disease
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 09-03-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531820
Abstract: Positively charged repeat peptides are emerging as key players in neurodegenerative diseases. These peptides can perturb erse cellular pathways but a unifying framework for how such promiscuous toxicity arises has remained elusive. We used mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to define the protein targets of these neurotoxic peptides and found that they all share similar sequence features that drive their aberrant condensation with these positively charged peptides. We trained a machine learning algorithm to detect such sequence features and unexpectedly discovered that this mode of toxicity is not limited to human repeat expansion disorders but has evolved countless times across the tree of life in the form of cationic antimicrobial and venom peptides. We demonstrate that an excess in positive charge is necessary and sufficient for this killer activity, which we name ‘polycation poisoning’. These findings reveal an ancient and conserved mechanism and inform ways to leverage its design rules for new generations of bioactive peptides.
Longitudinal audit of assessment and pharmaceutical intervention for cardiovascular risk in the Australasian Diabetes Data Network
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DOM.14584
Youth and non‐European ethnicity are associated with increased loss of publicly funded insulin pump access in New Zealand people with type 1 diabetes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/DME.14450
Evaluation of HOMA and QUICKI as measures of insulin sensitivity in prepubertal children
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 27-08-2003
International comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes: an update and extension.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DME.14766
Abstract: To update and extend a previous cross-sectional international comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes. Data were obtained for 520,392 children and adults with type 1 diabetes from 17 population and five clinic-based data sources in countries or regions between 2016 and 2020. Median HbA Median HbA Glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes continues to vary substantially between age groups and data sources. While some improvement over time has been observed, glycaemic control remains sub-optimal for most people with Type 1 diabetes.
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.12773
Decreased occurrence of ketoacidosis and preservation of beta cell function in relatives screened and monitored for type 1 diabetes in A ustralia and N ew Z ealand
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.13422
Abstract: Islet autoantibody screening of infants and young children in the Northern Hemisphere, together with semi-annual metabolic monitoring, is associated with a lower risk of ketoacidosis (DKA) and improved glucose control after diagnosis of clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to determine if similar benefits applied to older Australians and New Zealanders monitored less rigorously. DKA occurrence and metabolic control were compared between T1D relatives screened and monitored for T1D and unscreened in iduals diagnosed in the general population, ascertained from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network. Between 2005 and 2019, 17,105 relatives (mean (SD) age 15.7 (10.8) years 52% female) were screened for autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma-associated protein 2. Of these, 652 screened positive to a single and 306 to multiple autoantibody specificities, of whom 201 and 215, respectively, underwent metabolic monitoring. Of 178 relatives diagnosed with stage 3 T1D, 9 (5%) had DKA, 7 of whom had not undertaken metabolic monitoring. The frequency of DKA in the general population was 31%. After correction for age, sex and T1D family history, the frequency of DKA in screened relatives was >80% lower than in the general population. HbA1c and insulin requirements following diagnosis were also lower in screened relatives, consistent with greater beta cell reserve. T1D autoantibody screening and metabolic monitoring of older children and young adults in Australia and New Zealand, by enabling pre-clinical diagnosis when beta cell reserve is greater, confers protection from DKA. These clinical benefits support ongoing efforts to increase screening activity in the region and should facilitate the application of emerging immunotherapies.
Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Australasia: An online survey of model of care, workforce and outcomes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14122
Abstract: To survey the model of care and workforce that manages children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Australasia along with glycaemic outcomes. Tertiary and regional paediatric clinics in Australia and New Zealand (NZ) caring for children and adolescents with diabetes were invited to complete an online survey assessing health-care professional (HCP) workforce numbers and available clinical data for the 2016 calendar year. A total of 38 sites responded - 25 Australian (10 tertiary, 15 regional), 13 NZ (4 tertiary, 8 regional) - representing 9715 children with T1D. HCP resourcing varied across sites, with overall HCP/100 patient ratios of: doctors: 0.36 (0.08-1.07), nurses: 0.72 (0-1.8), dieticians: 0.19 (0-0.49) and psychologist/social workers: 0.13 (0-0.36). Overall, 39% of patients used insulin pump therapy (CSII) (29.5% NZ, 40.8% Australia). Databases were being used locally by 26 sites. Thirty-two sites reported the mean clinic HbA1c, mean HbA1c 66 mmol/mol (8.2%) (NZ = 69 mmol/mol (8.5%), Australia = 66 mmol/mol (8.2%)), with 29% of patients attaining the recommended HbA1c target of <58 mmol/mol (7.5%) (NZ = 28%, Australia = 29%). This is the largest Australasian paediatric T1D workforce survey to date. HCP to patient ratios remain well below international recommendations and have not changed over the last 5-7 years. Glycaemic outcomes in this population were below recommended levels in the majority of patients. There is an urgent need to reform models of care and workforce and to institute systematic benchmarking in both countries in order to prevent acute and chronic complications of T1D.
Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents across Australia and New Zealand: A 6‐year audit from The Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN)
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 21-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.13169
Insulin resistance is not due to persistently elevated serum tumor necrosis-alpha levels in small for gestational age, premature, or twin children
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-2004
ISPAD Annual Conference 2015 Highlights
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 05-01-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.12355
Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in 7000 Youth With Type 1 Diabetes in the Australasian Diabetes Data Network
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 30-10-2020
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease occurs prematurely in type 1 diabetes. The additional risk of overweight is not well characterized. The primary aim was to measure the impact of body mass index (BMI) in youth with type 1 diabetes on cardiovascular risk factors. The secondary aim was to identify other determinants of cardiovascular risk. Observational longitudinal study of 7061 youth with type 1 diabetes followed for median 7.3 (interquartile range [IQR] 4-11) years over 41 (IQR 29-56) visits until March 2019. 15 tertiary care diabetes centers in the Australasian Diabetes Data Network. Participants were aged 2 to 25 years at baseline, with at least 2 measurements of BMI and blood pressure. Standardized systolic and diastolic blood pressure scores and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were co-primary outcomes. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was the secondary outcome. BMI z-score related independently to standardized blood pressure z- scores and non-HDL cholesterol. An increase in 1 BMI z-score related to an average increase in systolic/diastolic blood pressure of 3.8/1.4 mmHg and an increase in non-HDL cholesterol (coefficient + 0.16 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.18 P & 0.001) and in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Females had higher blood pressure z-scores, higher non-HDL and LDL cholesterol, and higher urinary albumin/creatinine than males. Indigenous youth had markedly higher urinary albumin/creatinine (coefficient + 2.15 mg/mmol, 95% CI, 1.27-3.03 P & 0.001) and higher non-HDL cholesterol than non-Indigenous youth. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was associated independently with lower non-HDL cholesterol and lower urinary albumin/creatinine. BMI had a modest independent effect on cardiovascular risk. Females and Indigenous Australians in particular had a more adverse risk profile.
Global consensus on nutritional rickets: Implications for Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14941
Vulnerability of European wheat to extreme heat and drought around flowering under future climate
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2021
Abstract: Identifying the future threats to crop yields from climate change is vital to underpin the continuous production increases needed for global food security. In the present study, the vulnerability of European wheat yield to heat and drought stresses around flowering under climate change was assessed by estimating the 95-percentiles of two indices at flowering under rain-fed conditions: the heat stress index (HSI95) and the drought stress index (DSI95). These two indices represent the relative yield losses due heat stress or drought stress around flowering that could be expected to occur once every 20 years on average. The Sirius wheat model was run under the predicted 2050-climate at 13 selected sites, representing the major wheat-growing regions in Europe. A total of 19 global climate models (GCMs) from the CMIP5 ensemble were used to construct local-scale climate scenarios for 2050 (RCP8.5) by downscaling GCMs climate projections with the LARS-WG weather generator. The mean DSI95 due to extreme drought around flowering under the baseline climate (1981–2010) was large over Europe (DSI95 ∼ 0.28), with wide site variation (DSI95 ∼ 0.0–0.51). A reduction of 12% in the DSI95 was predicted under the 2050-climate however, vulnerability due to extreme drought around flowering would remain a major constraint to wheat yield (DSI95 ∼ 0–0.57). In contrast, HSI95 under the baseline climate was very small over Europe (HSI95 ∼ 0.0–0.11), but was predicted to increase by 79% (HSI95 ∼ 0.0–0.23) under the 2050-climate, categorising extreme heat stress around flowering as an emergent threat to European wheat production. The development of wheat varieties that are tolerant to drought and heat stresses around flowering, is required, if climate change is not to result in a reduction of wheat yield potential under the future climate in Europe.
Premature Birth and Later Insulin Resistance
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 18-11-2004
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMOA042275
Hardened Hope: Care Advances for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Screening, assessment and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group guidelines
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 23-06-2020
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.50666
Temporal trends in diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes between 2006 and 2016: results from 13 countries in three continents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00125-020-05152-1
Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate geographical variability and trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), between 2006 and 2016, at the diagnosis of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in 13 countries over three continents. An international retrospective study on DKA at diagnosis of diabetes was conducted. Data on age, sex, date of diabetes diagnosis, ethnic minority status and presence of DKA at diabetes onset were obtained from Australia, Austria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, USA and the UK (Wales). Mean prevalence was estimated for the entire period, both overall and by country, adjusted for sex and age group. Temporal trends in annual prevalence of DKA were estimated using logistic regression analysis for each country, before and after adjustment for sex, age group and ethnic minority status. During the study period, new-onset type 1 diabetes was diagnosed in 59,000 children (median age [interquartile range], 9.0 years [5.5–11.7] male sex, 52.9%). The overall adjusted DKA prevalence was 29.9%, with the lowest prevalence in Sweden and Denmark and the highest in Luxembourg and Italy. The adjusted DKA prevalence significantly increased over time in Australia, Germany and the USA while it decreased in Italy. Preschool children, adolescents and children from ethnic minority groups were at highest risk of DKA at diabetes diagnosis in most countries. A significantly higher risk was also found for females in Denmark, Germany and Slovenia. DKA prevalence at type 1 diabetes diagnosis varied considerably across countries, albeit it was generally high and showed a slight increase between 2006 and 2016. Increased awareness of symptoms to prevent delay in diagnosis is warranted, especially in preschool children, adolescents and children from ethnic minority groups.
Neuropathy target esterase impairments cause Oliver–McFarlane and Laurence–Moon syndromes
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-12-2014
Global wheat production could benefit from closing the genetic yield gap
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2022
Transition from paediatric to adult care in young people with diabetes; A structured programme from a regional diabetes service, Auckland, New Zealand
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DME.15011
Abstract: To assess participation with a structured transition programme for adolescents with diabetes. Data from a regional cohort aged less than 16 years of age with type 1 (T1) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Auckland, New Zealand (2006–2016). Participation was defined as opting into a structured transition programme. Five hundrend and twelve adolescents who were to be transferred to adult care (476 type 1 (T1D) and 36 type 2 (T2D)), overall participation rate of 83%, 86% (408/476) with T1D compared to 47% (17/36) with T2D. Within the cohort of T1D, participation rates for Māori and Pacific were lower (74% and 77%, respectively) than New Zealand Europeans (88%, p = 0.020 and p = 0.039, respectively). Lower socio‐economic status was associated with reduced participation (77%) compared to higher socio‐economic status (90%, p = 0.002). Of the 476 T1D who participated, 408 (96%) subsequently attended at least one adult service clinic (“capture”). 42% attended an adult clinic within the planned 3 months, 87% at 6 months and retention in adult clinics over 5 years of follow‐up was 78%. By contrast, the 68 young people with T1D who did not participate in the structured transition had a capture rate of 78% ( p 0.001) and retention of 63% ( p = 0.036). In adolescents with diabetes, a formal transition from a paediatric service was associated with high rates of adult capture and subsequent retention in adult care over a 5‐year follow‐up period. Low socio‐economic status, Māori or Pacific ethnicity and T2D were associated with reduced participation in the structured transition programme.
Disorders of sex development: insights from targeted gene sequencing of a large international patient cohort
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2016
The Australasian diabetes data network: First national audit of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.5694/MJA16.00737
Abstract: To assess glycaemic control, anthropometry and insulin regimens in a national s le of Australian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Cross-sectional analysis of de-identified, prospectively collected data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN) registry. Five paediatric diabetes centres in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. Children and adolescents (aged 18 years or under) with type 1 diabetes of at least 12 months' duration for whom data were added to the ADDN registry during 2015. Glycaemic control was assessed by measuring haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) were calculated according to the CDC-2000 reference overweight and obesity were defined by International Obesity Task Force guidelines. Insulin regimens were classified as twice-daily injections (BD), multiple daily injections (MDI at least three injection times per day), or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The mean age of the 3279 participants was 12.8 years (SD, 3.7), mean diabetes duration was 5.7 years (SD, 3.7), and mean HbA1c level 67 mmol/mol (SD, 15) only 27% achieved the national HbA1c target of less than 58 mmol/mol. The mean HbA1c level was lower in children under 6 (63 mmol/mol) than in adolescents (14-18 years 69 mmol/mol). Mean BMI-SDS for all participants was 0.6 (SD, 0.9) 33% of the participants were overweight or obese. 44% were treated with CSII, 38% with MDI, 18% with BD. Most Australian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are not meeting the recognised HbA1c target. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high. There is an urgent need to identify barriers to achieving optimal glycaemic control in this population.
Insights from a survey-based analysis of the academic job market
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 09-10-2019
DOI: 10.1101/796466
Abstract: Applying for a faculty position is a critical phase of many postdoctoral careers, but most postdoctoral researchers in STEM fields enter the academic job market with little knowledge of the process and expectations. A lack of data has made it difficult for applicants to assess their qualifications relative to the general applicant pool and for institutions to develop effective hiring policies. We analyzed responses to a survey of faculty job applicants between May 2018 and May 2019. We establish various background scholarly metrics for a typical faculty applicant and present an analysis of the interplay between those metrics and hiring outcomes. Traditional benchmarks of a positive research track record above a certain threshold of qualifications were unable to completely differentiate applicants with and without offers. Our findings suggest that there is no single clear path to a faculty job offer and that metrics such as career transition awards and publications in high impact factor journals were neither necessary nor sufficient for landing a faculty position. The applicants perceived the process as unnecessarily stressful, time-consuming, and largely lacking in feedback, irrespective of a successful outcome. Our findings emphasize the need to improve the transparency of the faculty job application process. In addition, we hope these and future data will help empower trainees to enter the academic job market with clearer expectations and improved confidence.
Editorial: Childhood Rickets—New Developments in Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-11-2020
The material properties of a bacterial-derived biomolecular condensate tune biological function in natural and synthetic systems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-33221-Z
Abstract: Intracellular phase separation is emerging as a universal principle for organizing biochemical reactions in time and space. It remains incompletely resolved how biological function is encoded in these assemblies and whether this depends on their material state. The conserved intrinsically disordered protein PopZ forms condensates at the poles of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus , which in turn orchestrate cell-cycle regulating signaling cascades. Here we show that the material properties of these condensates are determined by a balance between attractive and repulsive forces mediated by a helical oligomerization domain and an expanded disordered region, respectively. A series of PopZ mutants disrupting this balance results in condensates that span the material properties spectrum, from liquid to solid. A narrow range of condensate material properties supports proper cell ision, linking emergent properties to organismal fitness. We use these insights to repurpose PopZ as a modular platform for generating tunable synthetic condensates in human cells.
Effects of 12-Week Freestyle Libre 2.0 in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Elevated HbA1c: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 20-10-2023
Quantifying the relative irreplaceability of important bird and biodiversity areas
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2016
DOI: 10.1111/COBI.12609
Author response: A survey-based analysis of the academic job market
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 24-04-2020
QT prolongation in a child with thyroid storm
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-04-2014
Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.12186
Related Organisations
Washington University In St. Louis School Of Medicine
Location: United States of America
Imperial College London
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Washington University In Saint Louis
Location: United States of America
University Of Oxford
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Washington University School Of Medicine In St. Louis
Location: No location found
Rothamsted Research
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Council For National Academic Awards
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Liverpool
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Bristol
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University College London
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Craig Jefferies.