ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4771-8517
Current Organisations
Aalborg Universitet
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Aalborg University
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Publications
Prediction of successful hearing aid treatment in first-time and experienced hearing aid users: Using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-05-2022
DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1916632
Abstract: Primarily to understand whether clinically relevant factors affect the International Outcome Inventory (IOI-HA) scores and to examine if IOI-HA scores improve when renewing the hearing aids (HA) for experienced users. Secondly, to estimate the overall HA effectiveness using the IOI-HA. A prospective observational study. In total, 1961 patients with hearing loss were included. All patients underwent a hearing examination, were fitted with HAs, and answered the IOI-HA. Factor analysis of IOI-HA separated the items into a Factor 1 (use of HA, perceived benefits, satisfaction, and quality of life) and Factor 2 (residual activity limitation, residual participation restriction and impact on others) score. Degree of hearing loss, word recognition score, motivation, HA usage time, tinnitus, asymmetry, and sex were significantly associated with total IOI-HA, Factor 1, or Factor 2 scores. The seven IOI-HA items increased on average by 0.4 ( Degree of hearing loss, word recognition score, motivation, tinnitus, asymmetry, and sex may be used to identify patients who require special attention to become successful HA users.
Online psychological interventions to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general distress in those with chronic health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 17-07-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720002251
Abstract: Over the past 15 years, there has been substantial growth in web-based psychological interventions. We summarize evidence regarding the efficacy of web-based self-directed psychological interventions on depressive, anxiety and distress symptoms in people living with a chronic health condition. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE databases and Cochrane Database from 1990 to 1 May 2019. English language papers of randomized controlled trials (usual care or waitlist control) of web-based psychological interventions with a primary or secondary aim to reduce anxiety, depression or distress in adults with a chronic health condition were eligible. Results were assessed using narrative synthases and random-effects meta-analyses. In total 70 eligible studies across 17 health conditions [most commonly: cancer ( k = 20), chronic pain ( k = 9), arthritis ( k = 6) and multiple sclerosis ( k = 5), diabetes ( k = 4), fibromyalgia ( k = 4)] were identified. Interventions were based on CBT principles in 46 (66%) studies and 42 (60%) included a facilitator. When combining all chronic health conditions, web-based interventions were more efficacious than control conditions in reducing symptoms of depression g = 0.30 (95% CI 0.22–0.39), anxiety g = 0.19 (95% CI 0.12–0.27), and distress g = 0.36 (95% CI 0.23–0.49). Evidence regarding effectiveness for specific chronic health conditions was inconsistent. While self-guided online psychological interventions may help to reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression and distress in people with chronic health conditions in general, it is unclear if these interventions are effective for specific health conditions. More high-quality evidence is needed before definite conclusions can be made.
Do body checking and avoidance behaviours explain variance in disordered eating beyond attitudinal measures of body image?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2018.11.001
Abstract: Body checking and body avoidance, considered to be behavioural manifestations of core attitudinal disturbances of body image, are theorized to be important contributors to the development and maintenance of eating disorder symptoms. Currently, however, it is unclear whether body checking and body avoidance accounts for variance in disordered eating behaviours beyond core attitudinal components of body image (i.e., over-evaluation, preoccupation, dissatisfaction). This was the objective of the present study. Cross-sectional data were analysed from 320 females recruited through undergraduate psychology programs and throughout the community. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that body checking and avoidance were significantly and positively correlated with each attitudinal component and with each measure of disordered eating (overeating, objective binge eating, and disinhibition). However, body checking and avoidance did not contribute variance (all R
Confidence Limits of Word Identification Scores Derived Using Nonlinear Quantile Regression
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
Abstract: The relation between degree of sensorineural hearing loss and maximum speech identification scores (PB max ) is commonly used in audiological diagnosis and rehabilitation. It is important to consider the relation between the degree of hearing loss and the lower boundary of PB max , as the PB max varies largely between subjects at a given degree of hearing loss. The present study determines the lower boundary by estimating the lower limit of the one-tailed 95% confidence limit (CL) for a Dantale I, word list, in a large group of young and older subjects with primarily sensorineural hearing loss. PB max scores were measured using Dantale I, at 30 dB above the speech reception threshold or at the most comfortable level from 1,961 subjects with a wide range of pure-tone averages. A nonlinear quantile regression approach was applied to determine the lower boundary (95% CL) of PB max scores. At a specific pure-tone average, if the measured PB max is poorer than the lower boundary (95% CL) of PB max , it may be considered disproportionately poor.
Appearance-based rejection sensitivity as a mediator of the relationship between symptoms of social anxiety and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2017.10.003
Abstract: Previous research has established a robust relationship between symptoms of social anxiety and disordered eating. However, the mechanisms that may underpin this relationship are unclear. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity (ABRS)-the tendency to anxiously expect and overreact to signs of appearance-based rejection-may be a crucial explanatory mechanism, as ABRS has been shown to maintain social anxiety symptoms and predict disordered eating. We therefore tested whether ABRS mediated the relationship between social anxiety symptoms and various indices of disordered eating (over-evaluation of weight/shape, restraint, binge eating, compulsive exercise, and vomiting). Data from community-based females (n=299) and males (n=87) were analyzed. ABRS was shown to mediate the relationship between social anxiety and the over-evaluation, restraint, binge eating, and compulsive exercise frequency, but not vomiting. These effects also occurred for both females and males separately. Findings demonstrated that ABRS may be an important mechanism explaining why socially anxious in iduals report elevated symptoms of disordered eating. Future research testing all proposed mediating variables of the social anxiety-disordered eating link in a single, integrative model is required to identify the most influential mechanisms driving this relationship.
Psychotherapy appears to improve symptoms of functional dyspepsia and anxiety: systematic review with meta-analysis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2141278
Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy of psychotherapy on symptoms of functional dyspepsia, anxiety, depression and quality of life. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Emcare, Ovid Nursing, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Informit Health Collection and ClinicalTrials.gov on 2 July 2021. Randomised controlled trials that compared psychotherapy to non-psychotherapy interventions in adults with functional dyspepsia were included. Meta-analyses were conducted (using Hedges's g) under random effects models. Overall, 1,575 records were identified after duplicates were removed, with nine randomised controlled trials (n = 786) included. Preliminary meta-analyses showed that psychotherapy outperformed control conditions at post-test and follow-up on functional dyspepsia symptom severity and anxiety symptoms, but no differences emerged for depressive symptoms. The qualitative synthesis showed psychotherapy's promise in improving quality of life in functional dyspepsia. Psychotherapy might have a small to moderate effect on functional dyspepsia symptoms and anxiety at short- and long-term. However, conclusions are limited by the small number of trials with a high risk of bias.
Monitoring Australian parents’ shifting receptiveness to digital mental health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-12-2021
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211065985
Abstract: Nascent evidence indicates that the mental health of parents and children has markedly declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering disruptions to traditional face-to-face mental health services resultant from stay-at-home orders, the potential value of digital mental health interventions has become extremely apparent. Despite this, uptake of digital interventions remains poor, indicating that a better understanding is needed of factors that determine a willingness to use digital platforms. The present multi-wave, longitudinal study of 2365 Australian parents explored between-person and within-person predictors of intentions to use digital interventions during the pandemic. More than one-third of parents reported likely use of a self-guided and therapist-guided digital intervention, with the most endorsed reason for use being to support their child’s mental health. Between-person baseline predictors of higher intention ratings were parent’s prior mental illness, not living with a partner and recent environmental stressors. Within-person predictors of higher intention ratings were endorsement of mindful parenting strategies, child access to the Internet, better perceived management of child’s education, lower social support and financial hardship. Findings demonstrate that willingness to engage in digital interventions fluctuates in response to changing circumstances. Identifying novel ways to increase acceptance and uptake of digital interventions based on modifiable predictors established here is needed to realize the full potential of these modes of care in times of need.
Young adult mental health sequelae of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23575
Abstract: There has been interest in the antecedents and mental health impacts of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Less is known about longer‐term mental health impacts into young adulthood, as longitudinal studies with data spanning this developmental period are rare. We capitalize on mental health data collected across adolescence and young adulthood from a population‐based cohort study that has been following Australian children and their families from infancy to young adulthood. This s le comprised 1,568 participants who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory drive for thinness and bulimic behavior (the severity of binge‐purge patterns) subscales, and a modified version of the body dissatisfaction subscale in mid‐adolescence (15–16 years), or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in young adulthood (19–20, 23–24, and 27–28 years). After adjusting for baseline demographic and prior mental health factors ( years of age), all three indices of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence predicted each mental health outcome in young adulthood. Mental health risks associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior scores remained stable across young adulthood, with men having more pronounced problems associated with bulimic behavior scores than women. In contrast, mental health risks associated with adolescent drive for thinness scores diminished across this period similarly for men and women. Findings suggest that adolescent eating and body image disturbances may have long‐term mental health impacts that extend into young adulthood. This underscores the need for early preventative intervention, and longer‐term monitoring and support for body image and eating disturbances.
Dropout from interpersonal psychotherapy for mental health disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-07-2019
Meta-analysis of the effects of third-wave behavioural interventions on disordered eating and body image concerns: implications for eating disorder prevention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-2019
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2018.1517389
Abstract: Third-wave behavioural interventions are increasingly popular for treating and preventing mental health conditions. Recently, researchers have begun testing whether these interventions can effectively targeting eating disorder risk factors (disordered eating, body image concerns). This meta-analysis examined whether third-wave behavioural interventions (acceptance and commitment therapy dialectical behaviour therapy mindfulness-based interventions compassion-focused therapy) show potential for being effective eating disorder prevention programs, by testing their effects on eating disorder risk factors in s les without an eating disorder. Twenty-four studies (13 randomized trials) were included. Most studies delivered selective prevention programs (i.e. participants who reported elevated risk factor). Third-wave interventions led to significant pre-post (g = 0.59 95% CI = 0.43, 0.75) and follow-up (g = 0.83 95% CI = 0.38, 1.28) improvements in disordered eating, and significant pre-post improvements in body image (g = 0.35 95% CI = 0.13, 0.56). DBT-based interventions were associated with the largest effects. Third-wave interventions were also significantly more efficacious than wait-lists (g = 0.39 95% CI = 0.09, 0.69) in reducing disordered eating, but did not differ to other interventions (g = 0.25 95% CI = -0.06, 0.57). Preliminary evidence suggests that third-wave interventions may have a beneficial effect in ameliorating eating disorder risk.
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No related grants have been discovered for Dorte Hammershøi.