ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7713-5179
Current Organisation
European Science Foundation
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.14064
Abstract: Changes in species distributions open novel parasite transmission routes at the human-wildlife interface, yet the strength of biotic and biogeographical factors that prevent or facilitate parasite host shifting are not well understood. We investigated global patterns of helminth parasite (Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda) sharing between mammalian wildlife species and domestic mammal hosts (including humans) using >24,000 unique country-level records of host-parasite associations. We used hierarchical modelling and species trait data to determine possible drivers of the level of parasite sharing between wildlife species and either humans or domestic animal hosts. We found the diet of wildlife species to be a strong predictor of levels of helminth parasite sharing with humans and domestic animals, followed by a moderate effect of zoogeographical region and minor effects of species' habitat and climatic niches. Combining model predictions with the distribution and ecological profile data of wildlife species, we projected global risk maps that uncovered strikingly similar patterns of wildlife parasite sharing across geographical areas for the different domestic host species (including humans). These similarities are largely explained by the fact that widespread parasites are commonly recorded infecting several domestic species. If the dietary profile and position in the trophic chain of a wildlife species largely drives its level of helminth parasite sharing with humans/domestic animals, future range shifts of host species that result in novel trophic interactions may likely increase parasite host shifting and have important ramifications for human and animal health.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 30-08-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.29.458053
Abstract: Studies on drawing often focused on spatial aspects of the finished products. Here, the drawing behaviour was studied by analysing its intermittent process, between drawing (i.e. marking a surface) and interruption (i.e. a pause in the marking gesture). To assess how this intermittence develops with age, we collected finger-drawings on a touchscreen by 185 in iduals (children and adults). We measured the temporal structure of each drawing sequence to determine its complexity. To do this, we applied temporal fractal estimators to each drawing time series before combining them in a Principal Component Analysis procedure. The youngest children (3 years-old) drew in a more stereotypical way with long-range dependence detected in their alternations between states. Among older children and adults, the complexity of drawing sequences increased showing a less predictable behaviour as their drawings become more detailed and figurative. This study improves our understanding of the temporal aspects of drawing behaviour, and contributes to an objective understanding of its ontogeny.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2013.04.027
Abstract: When crossing the road, pedestrians have to make a trade-off between saving time and avoiding any risk of injuries. Here, we studied how culture influences an in idual's perception of risks when crossing a street, using survival analysis. This study is the first to use this analysis to assess cognitive mechanisms and optimality of decisions underlying road crossing behaviour. We observed pedestrian behaviour in two city centres: Inuyama (Japan) and Strasbourg (France). In each city, observations were made at a safe site consisting of a crosswalk and a street light and at an unsafe site (i.e. no crosswalk or street light). At the unsafe site, we measured the time needed by a pedestrian to take a decision (Tdec). During Tdec, a pedestrian estimates whether he can (Tsafe) or cannot (Trisk) cross the road. Using survival analysis, we studied the distributions of these three time variables and showed that French pedestrians took more risks than Japanese pedestrians, and that males took more risks than females, but only in Japan. More studies would considerably broaden our understanding on how culture may affect decision-making processes under risky circumstances.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.01182
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.6393
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2015
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1142/S0218348X23500093
Abstract: Studies on drawing often focused on spatial aspects of the finished products. Here, the drawing behavior was studied by analyzing its intermittent process, between drawing (i.e. marking a surface) and interruption (i.e. a pause in the marking gesture). To assess how this intermittence develops with age, we collected finger-drawings on a touchscreen by 185 in iduals (children and adults). We measured the temporal structure of each drawing sequence to determine its complexity. To do this, we applied temporal fractal estimators to each drawing time series before combining them in a Principal Component Analysis procedure. The youngest children (3-year-old) drew in a more stereotypical way with long-range dependence detected in their alternations between states. Among older children and adults, the complexity of drawing sequences increased showing a less predictable behavior as their drawings become more detailed and figurative. This study improves our understanding of the temporal aspects of drawing behavior, and contributes to an objective understanding of its ontogeny.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.14377
Abstract: The Southern Ocean is currently experiencing major environmental changes, including in sea-ice cover. Such changes strongly influence ecosystem structure and functioning and affect the survival and reproduction of predators such as seabirds. These effects are likely mediated by reduced availability of food resources. As such, seabirds are reliable eco-indicators of environmental conditions in the Antarctic region. Here, based on 9 years of sea-ice data, we found that the breeding success of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) reaches a peak at intermediate sea-ice cover (ca. 20%). We further examined the effects of sea-ice conditions on the foraging activity of penguins, measured at multiple scales from in idual es to foraging trips. Analysis of temporal organisation of es, including fractal and bout analyses, revealed an increasingly consistent behaviour during years with extensive sea-ice cover. The relationship between several e parameters and sea-ice cover in the foraging area appears to be quadratic. In years of low and high sea-ice cover, in iduals adjusted their ing effort by generally ing deeper, more frequently and by resting at the surface between es for shorter periods of time than in years with intermediate sea-ice cover. Our study therefore suggests that sea-ice cover is likely to affect the reproductive performance of Adélie penguins through its effects on foraging behaviour, as breeding success and most ing parameters share a common optimum. Some years, however, deviated from this general trend, suggesting that other factors (e.g. precipitation during the breeding season) might sometimes become preponderant over the sea-ice effects on breeding and foraging performance. Our study highlights the value of monitoring fitness parameters and in idual behaviour concomitantly over the long-term to better characterize optimal environmental conditions and potential resilience of wildlife. Such an approach is crucial if we want to anticipate the effects of environmental change on Antarctic penguin populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUATOX.2022.106355
Abstract: Environmental contamination is one of the major causes of bio ersity loss. Wetlands are particularly susceptible to contamination and species inhabiting these habitats are subjected to pollutants during sensitive phases of their development. In this study, tadpoles of a widespread hibian, the spined toad (Bufo spinosus), were exposed to environmental concentrations of nicosulfuron (0 μg/L 0.15 ± 0.05 μg/L and 0.83 ± 0.04 μg/L), a sulfonylurea herbicide, during different phases of development. Tadpoles were exposed during embryonic (12.98 ± 0.90 days) or larval development (93.74± 0.85 days), or throughout both phases, and we quantified development duration, morphological traits and behavioural features as responses to exposure. Developing tadpoles exposed to nicosulfuron were larger, but with smaller body, and had shorter but wider tail muscles. They were also more active and swam faster than control tadpoles and showed erging patterns of behavioural complexity. We showed that higher concentrations had greater effects on in iduals than lower concentrations, but the timing of nicosulfuron exposure did not influence the metrics studied: Exposure to nicosulfuron triggered similar effects irrespective of the developmental stages at which exposure occurred. These results further indicate that transient exposure (e.g., during embryonic development) can induce long-lasting effects throughout larval development to metamorphosis. Our study confirms that contaminants at environmental concentrations can have strong consequences on non-target organisms. Our results emphasize the need for regulation agencies and policy makers to consider sublethal concentrations of sulfonulyrea herbicides, such as nicosulfuron, as a minimum threshold in their recommendations.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: No location found
No related grants have been discovered for Xavier Meyer.