ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1142-8646
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Physical Chemistry of Materials | Functional Materials | Materials Engineering | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity | Nanoelectronics | Nanomaterials | Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified | Nanotechnology | Colloid and Surface Chemistry | Condensed Matter Physics | Transition Metal Chemistry | Inorganic Chemistry | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Degenerate Quantum Gases and Atom Optics | Nanofabrication, Growth and Self Assembly
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Integrated Circuits and Devices | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Energy Conservation and Efficiency not elsewhere classified | Commercial Energy Conservation and Efficiency | Metals (e.g. Composites, Coatings, Bonding) | Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Information and Communication Services |
Related Links
Publications
Dye Regeneration Kinetics in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-10-2012
DOI: 10.1021/JA3054578
Abstract: The ideal driving force for dye regeneration is an important parameter for the design of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, nanosecond laser transient absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of regeneration of six organic carbazole-based dyes by nine ferrocene derivatives whose redox potentials vary by 0.85 V, resulting in 54 different driving-force conditions. It was found that the reaction follows the behavior expected for the Marcus normal region for driving forces below 29 kJ mol(-1) (ΔE = 0.30 V). Driving forces of 29-101 kJ mol(-1) (ΔE = 0.30-1.05 V) resulted in similar reaction rates, indicating that dye regeneration is diffusion controlled. Quantitative dye regeneration (theoretical regeneration yield 99.9%) can be achieved with a driving force of 20-25 kJ mol(-1) (ΔE ≈ 0.20-0.25 V).
Investigation of the surface of Ga–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy by the characterisation of oxide nanofilms obtained by the touch-printing method
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-02-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NANO9020235
Abstract: Ga–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy is a non-toxic liquid metal alloy which could be used in a multitude of applications, including as a heat transfer agent, in gas sensing, and in medicine. Alloys containing gallium readily oxidise in air, forming a thin oxide layer that influences the properties of liquid metals and which has not been studied. In this study, the oxide layer formed on Ga–Sn–Zn alloy was transferred at room temperature onto three substrates—quartz, glass and silicon. The contact angle between the liquid alloy and different substrates was determined. The obtained thin oxide films were characterised using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy, and optical and transmission electron microscopy. The contact angle does not influence the deposition of the layers. It was determined that it is possible to obtain nanometric oxide layers of a few micrometres in size. The chemical composition was determined by XPS and EDS independently, and showed that the oxide layer contains about 90 atom % of gallium with some additions of tin and zinc. The oxides obtained from the eutectic Ga–Sn–Zn liquid alloys appear to be nanocrystalline.
2D Palladium Sulphate for Visible‐Light‐Driven Optoelectronic Reversible Gas Sensing at Room Temperature
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-12-2021
Abstract: 2D metal sulphides (MSs) have attracted enormous amounts of attention in developing high‐performance gas sensors. 2D noble metal sulphides and their derivatives, however, have been less studied due to their predominant nonlayered crystal structures for inefficient exfoliation, despite their surface and peculiar optoelectronic properties. Herein, we successfully synthesize 2D palladium sulphate (PdSO 4 ) from palladium sulphide (PdS) bulk crystals by liquid‐phase exfoliation, in which the presence of oxygen species in the exfoliation solvent plays a key role in the sulphate transformation. Ultrathin 2D PdSO 4 planar nanosheets, with thicknesses of ≈3 nm and submicrometer lateral dimensions, exhibit a broad absorption across the visible spectrum, a narrow bandgap of ≈1.35 eV, and a nanosecond scaled long exciton lifetime, which are all suitable for the visible‐light‐driven optoelectronic gas sensing applications. The 2D PdSO 4 ‐based sensor demonstrates a reversible, selective, and sensitive response toward ppb‐leveled NO 2 gas at blue light irradiation, featuring a response factor of ≈3.28% for 160 ppb NO 2 , a low limit of detection of 1.84 ppb, and a 3 times response factor enhancement over other gases. Herein, the possibility of realizing 2D ultrathin noble metal sulphide compounds from their nonlayered crystal structures and strong potentials in developing high‐performance chemical sensors is explored.
Wafer-Scale Synthesis of Semiconducting SnO Monolayers from Interfacial Oxide Layers of Metallic Liquid Tin
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-10-2017
Abstract: Atomically thin semiconductors are one of the fastest growing categories in materials science due to their promise to enable high-performance electronic and optical devices. Furthermore, a host of intriguing phenomena have been reported to occur when a semiconductor is confined within two dimensions. However, the synthesis of large area atomically thin materials remains as a significant technological challenge. Here we report a method that allows harvesting monolayer of semiconducting stannous oxide nanosheets (SnO) from the interfacial oxide layer of liquid tin. The method takes advantage of van der Waals forces occurring between the interfacial oxide layer and a suitable substrate that is brought into contact with the molten metal. Due to the liquid state of the metallic precursor, the surface oxide sheet can be delaminated with ease and on a large scale. The SnO monolayer is determined to feature p-type semiconducting behavior with a bandgap of ∼4.2 eV. Field effect transistors based on monolayer SnO are demonstrated. The synthetic technique is facile, scalable and holds promise for creating atomically thin semiconductors at wafer scale.
Improved Photovoltages for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using CuCrO2 Nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-06-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JP409363U
A solid advancement for dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2012
Abstract: Switching to solids: Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells are achieving efficiencies similar to those of their counterparts with liquid electrolytes. The new p-type semiconductor CsSnI(3) was found to be an excellent replacement for the traditional I(-)/I(3)(-) redox system. The picture shows a cross section of a dye-sensitized solar cell based on CsSnI(3).
Publisher Correction: Room temperature CO2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-09228-4
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Affiliation 1 incorrectly read ‘School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia’ and affiliation 4 incorrectly read ‘School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.’ This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Highly active two dimensional α-MoO3−x for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7TA07705J
Abstract: The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution, with high activity and stability, is of great interest in the field of clean energy.
Two solvent grinding sonication method for the synthesis of two-dimensional tungsten disulphide flakes
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4CC08399G
Abstract: Our investigations demonstrate the advantages of applying a two-solvent approach that produces high-yield two-dimensional WS 2 flakes suitable for electronic, optical and catalytic applications.
Liquid-Metal-Templated Synthesis of 2D Graphitic Materials at Room Temperature
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2020
Nanoscale probing of cholesterol-rich domains in single bilayer dimyristoyl-phosphocholine membranes using near-field spectroscopic imaging
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-10-2020
High-k 2D Sb2O3 Made Using a Substrate-Independent and Low-Temperature Liquid-Metal-Based Process
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-10-2021
Light-Driven Transformation Processes of Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-06-2013
DOI: 10.1021/NN4013059
Abstract: The photoinduced formation of silver nanoprisms from smaller silver seed particles in the presence of citrate anions is a classic ex le of a photomorphic reaction. In this case, light is used as a convenient tool to dynamically manipulate the shape of metal nanoparticles. To date, very little is known about the prevailing reaction mechanism of this type of photoreaction. Here we provide a detailed study of the shape transformation dynamics as a function of a range of different process parameters, such as photon energy and photon flux. For the first time, we provide direct evidence that the photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms from spherical seed nanoparticles proceeds via a light-activated two-dimensional coalescence mechanism. On the other hand, we could show that Ostwald ripening becomes the dominant reaction mechanism when larger silver nanoprisms are grown from photochemically synthesized smaller nanoprisms. This two-step reaction proceeds significantly faster and yields more uniform, sharper nanoprisms than the classical one-step photodevelopment process from seeds. The ability to dynamically control nanoparticle shapes and properties with light opens up novel synthesis avenues but also, more importantly, allows one to conceive new applications that exploit the nonstatic character of these nanoparticles and the ability to control and adjust their properties at will in a highly dynamic fashion.
Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Electrolytes Based on the Ferricyanide-Ferrocyanide Redox Couple
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-01-2012
Abstract: Solar energy conversion efficiencies of over 4% have been achieved in DSCs constructed with aqueous electrolytes based on the ferricyanide-ferrocyanide redox couple, thereby avoiding the use of expensive, flammable and toxic solvents. This paradigm shift was made possible by the use of a hydrophobic organic carbazole dye.
Atomically Thin Ga2 S3 from Skin of Liquid Metals for Electrical, Optical, and Sensing Applications
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-06-2019
Interactions between Liquid Metal Droplets and Bacterial, Fungal, and Mammalian Cells
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2022
Abstract: Liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as novel materials for biomedical applications. Here, the interactions taking place between cells and LMs are reported, presenting a unique opportunity to explore and understand the LM‐biological interface. Several high‐resolution imaging techniques are used to characterize the interaction between droplets of gallium LM and bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells. Adhesive interactions between cells and LM droplets are observed, causing deformation of the LM droplet surface, resulting in surface wrinkling and in some cases, breakage of the native oxide layer present on the LM droplet surface. In many instances, the cell wall deforms to intimately contact the LM droplets. Single‐cell force spectroscopy is performed to quantify the adhesion forces between cells and LM and characterize the nature of the adhesion. It is proposed that the flexible nature of the cell enables multiple adhesion sites with the LM droplets, imparting tensile forces on the LM droplet surface, which results in surface wrinkling on the LM droplets due to their liquid nature. Molecular dynamics simulations also suggest that flexible biomolecules on the cell surface can disrupt the Ga 2 O 3 layer formed at the LM droplet surface. This study reveals a unique biointerfacial interaction and provides insights into the mechanisms involved.
Quasi physisorptive two dimensional tungsten oxide nanosheets with extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity to NO2
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7NR05403C
Abstract: Ultra sensitivity and selectivity were achieved by the physisorption of gases onto two dimensional tungsten oxides.
Printable Single-Unit-Cell-Thick Transparent Zinc-Doped Indium Oxides with Efficient Electron Transport Properties
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-01-0001
An exploration into two-dimensional metal oxides, and other 2D materials, synthesised via liquid metal printing and transfer techniques
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0DT04364H
Abstract: The emerging field of liquid metal facilitated 2D material synthesis is reviewed in this perspective. Design strategies that utilise Cabrera–Mott oxidation to grow 2D nanosheets are explored, and the potential new application fields are highlighted.
Antimicrobial Metal Nanomaterials: From Passive to Stimuli‐Activated Applications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2020
Two-Step Synthesis of Large-Area 2D Bi2S3 Nanosheets Featuring High In-Plane Anisotropy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-09-2020
Molybdenum Oxides – From Fundamentals to Functionality
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-08-2017
Abstract: The properties and applications of molybdenum oxides are reviewed in depth. Molybdenum is found in various oxide stoichiometries, which have been employed for different high-value research and commercial applications. The great chemical and physical characteristics of molybdenum oxides make them versatile and highly tunable for incorporation in optical, electronic, catalytic, bio, and energy systems. Variations in the oxidation states allow manipulation of the crystal structure, morphology, oxygen vacancies, and dopants, to control and engineer electronic states. Despite this overwhelming functionality and potential, a definitive resource on molybdenum oxide is still unavailable. The aim here is to provide such a resource, while presenting an insightful outlook into future prospective applications for molybdenum oxides.
Broad-spectrum treatment of bacterial biofilms using magneto-responsive liquid metal particles
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TB01655A
Abstract: Broad-spectrum treatment of monoculture and mixed species biofilms using magnetically actuated, liquid metal particles.
Influence of direct deposition of dielectric materials on the optical response of monolayer WS2
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 27-09-2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0058267
Abstract: We investigate the effects of direct deposition of different dielectric materials (AlOx, SiOx, SiNx) onto atomically thin TMDC WS2 on its optical response using atomic layer deposition (ALD), electron beam evaporation (EBE), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and magnetron sputtering. The photoluminescence measurements reveal quenching of the excitonic emission after all deposition processes, which is linked to the increased level of charge doping and associated rise of the trion emission and/or the localized (bound) exciton emission. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy allows us to clearly correlate the observed changes in excitonic emission with the increased levels of lattice disorder and defects. In particular, we show that the different doping levels in a monolayer WS2 capped by a dielectric material are strongly related to the defects in the WS2 crystal introduced by all capping methods, except for ALD. The strong charge doping in the ALD-capped s le seems to be caused by other factors, such as deviations in the dielectric layer stoichiometry or chemical reactions on the monolayer surface, which makes ALD distinct from all other techniques. Overall, the EBE process results in the lowest level of doping and defect densities and in the largest spectral weight of the exciton emission in the PL. Sputtering is revealed as the most aggressive dielectric capping method for WS2, fully quenching its optical response. Our results demonstrate and quantify the effects of direct deposition of dielectric materials onto monolayer WS2, which can provide valuable guidance for the efforts to integrate monolayer TMDCs into functional optoelectronic devices.
Investigation of Two-Solvent Grinding-Assisted Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Layered MoS2
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2014
DOI: 10.1021/CM502915F
Gallium nitride formation in liquid metal sonication
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TC04302H
Abstract: This work presents the room temperature nitridation of gallium-based liquid metal alloy particles during sonication.
Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1NH00594D
Abstract: This review presents the fascinating properties and emerging applications of liquid metals and alloys at the nanoscale.
Gas sensors based on the oxide skin of liquid indium
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2NR05926F
Abstract: Various non-stratified two-dimensional (2D) materials can be obtained from liquid metal surfaces that are not naturally accessible.
The catalytic decomposition of carbon dioxide on zinc‐exchanged Y‐zeolite at low temperatures
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.6815
Abstract: We report our recent study on the use of a zinc‐modified NaY zeolite to decompose CO 2 at a temperature range between 300 and 550 °C. At a reaction temperature of 450 °C, we observed that 70% of CO 2 was converted with an insignificant quantity of CO produced. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the neat and spent catalysts confirmed the presence of carbon nanostructures after the reaction. In addition to this, CHN analysis supports these results by providing weight percent (0.73 wt%) of carbon after reaction. Stability of the catalyst was further confirmed with slight/no change in X‐ray diffraction technique. This route potentially offers a facile strategy to achieve CO 2 decomposition and an explanation of the formation of carbon on zinc‐modified zeolite catalysts. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dual-Function Smart Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: 5-Mercaptotetrazoles as Redox Mediator and Corrosion Repressor
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-08-2015
A Gallium-Based Magnetocaloric Liquid Metal Ferrofluid.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-11-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.7B04050
Abstract: We demonstrate a magnetocaloric ferrofluid based on a gadolinium saturated liquid metal matrix, using a gallium-based liquid metal alloy as the solvent and suspension medium. The material is liquid at room temperature, while exhibiting spontaneous magnetization and a large magnetocaloric effect. The magnetic properties were attributed to the formation of gadolinium nanoparticles suspended within the liquid gallium alloy, which acts as a reaction solvent during the nanoparticle synthesis. High nanoparticle weight fractions exceeding 2% could be suspended within the liquid metal matrix. The liquid metal ferrofluid shows promise for magnetocaloric cooling due to its high thermal conductivity and its liquid nature. Magnetic and thermoanalytic characterizations reveal that the developed material remains liquid within the temperature window required for domestic refrigeration purposes, which enables future fluidic magnetocaloric devices. Additionally, the observed formation of nanometer-sized metallic particles within the supersaturated liquid metal solution has general implications for chemical synthesis and provides a new synthetic pathway toward metallic nanoparticles based on highly reactive rare earth metals.
Low Temperature Nano Mechano-electrocatalytic CH4 Conversion
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-04-2022
Abstract: Transforming natural resources to energy sources, such as converting CH
Room temperature CO2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-08824-8
Abstract: Negative carbon emission technologies are critical for ensuring a future stable climate. However, the gaseous state of CO 2 does render the indefinite storage of this greenhouse gas challenging. Herein, we created a liquid metal electrocatalyst that contains metallic elemental cerium nanoparticles, which facilitates the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to layered solid carbonaceous species, at a low onset potential of −310 mV vs CO 2 /C. We exploited the formation of a cerium oxide catalyst at the liquid metal/electrolyte interface, which together with cerium nanoparticles, promoted the room temperature reduction of CO 2 . Due to the inhibition of van der Waals adhesion at the liquid interface, the electrode was remarkably resistant to deactivation via coking caused by solid carbonaceous species. The as-produced solid carbonaceous materials could be utilised for the fabrication of high-performance capacitor electrodes. Overall, this liquid metal enabled electrocatalytic process at room temperature may result in a viable negative emission technology.
Liquid metal synthesis of two-dimensional aluminium oxide platelets to reinforce epoxy composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells with ferrocene-based electrolytes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.966
Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells based on iodide/triiodide (I(-)/I(3)(-)) electrolytes are viable low-cost alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells. However, as well as providing record efficiencies of up to 12.0%, the use of I(-)/I(3)(-) in such solar cells also brings about certain limitations that stem from its corrosive nature and complex two-electron redox chemistry. Alternative redox mediators have been investigated, but these generally fall well short of matching the performance of conventional I(-)/I(3)(-) electrolytes. Here, we report energy conversion efficiencies of 7.5% (simulated sunlight, AM1.5, 1,000 W m(-2)) for dye-sensitized solar cells combining the archetypal ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc(+)) single-electron redox couple with a novel metal-free organic donor-acceptor sensitizer (Carbz-PAHTDTT). These Fc/Fc(+)-based devices exceed the efficiency achieved for devices prepared using I(-)/I(3)(-) electrolytes under comparable conditions, revealing the great potential of ferrocene-based electrolytes in future dye-sensitized solar cells applications. This improvement results from a more favourable matching of the redox potential of the ferrocene couple with that of the new donor-acceptor sensitizer.
Exfoliation Behavior of van der Waals Strings: Case Study of Bi 2 S 3
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-11-2018
Abstract: The family of crystals constituting covalently bound strings, held together by van der Waals forces, can be exfoliated into smaller entities, similar to crystals made of van der Waals sheets. Depending on the anisotropy of such crystals, as well as the spacing between their strings in each direction, van der Waals sheets or ribbons can be obtained after the exfoliation process. In this work, we demonstrate that ultrathin nanoribbons of bismuth sulfide (Bi
Liquid Phase Acoustic Wave Exfoliation of Layered MoS2 : Critical Impact of Electric Field in Efficiency
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-07-2018
Self‐Deposition of 2D Molybdenum Sulfides on Liquid Metals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-10-2021
Bi-Sn Catalytic Foam Governed by Nanometallurgy of Liquid Metals
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-05-2020
Two dimensional tungsten oxide nanosheets with unprecedented selectivity and sensitivity to NO2
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2017
Evolution of 2D tin oxides on the surface of molten tin
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7CC09040D
Abstract: The exfoliation of two dimensional (2D) oxides, established on the surface of specific liquid metals, has recently been introduced.
Nucleation and Growth of Polyaniline Nanofibers onto Liquid Metal Nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-05-2020
Indium tin oxide as a semiconductor material in efficient p-type dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/AM.2016.89
Application of the Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)/(II) Redox Couple in p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2015
Abstract: An electrolyte based on the tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)/(II) redox couple ([Fe(acac)3](0/1-)) was developed for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Introduction of a NiO blocking layer on the working electrode and the use of chenodeoxycholic acid in the electrolyte enhanced device performance by improving the photocurrent. Devices containing [Fe(acac)3](0/1-) and a perylene-thiophene-triphenylamine sensitizer (PMI-6T-TPA) have the highest reported short-circuit current (J(SC)=7.65 mA cm(-2)), and energy conversion efficiency (2.51%) for p-type DSSCs coupled with a fill factor of 0.51 and an open-circuit voltage V(OC)=645 mV. Measurement of the kinetics of dye regeneration by the redox mediator revealed that the process is diffusion limited as the dye-regeneration rate constant (1.7×10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) is very close to the maximum theoretical rate constant of 3.3×10(8) M(-1) s(-1). Consequently, a very high dye-regeneration yield (>99%) could be calculated for these devices.
Liquid metal derived MOF functionalized nanoarrays with ultra-wideband electromagnetic absorption
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Atomically thin TiO2 nanosheets synthesized using liquid metal chemistry
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0CC01456G
Abstract: The library of two-dimensional materials is limited since many transition metal compounds are not stratified and can thus not be easily isolated as nanosheets. Liquid metal-based synthesis provides a new approach to overcome this limitation.
Highly Efficient p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells based on Tris(1,2-diaminoethane)Cobalt(II)/(III) Electrolytes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-11-2013
Abstract: Co-produced: using [Co(en)(3)](2+/3+) based-electrolytes in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs) gives record energy conversion efficiencies of 1.3 % and open-circuit voltages up to 709 mV under simulated sun light. The increase in photovoltage is due to the more negative redox potential of [Co(en)(3)](2+/3+) compared to established mediators.
2D MoS2 PDMS Nanocomposites for NO2 Separation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2015
Abstract: At a relatively low loading concentration (≈0.02 wt%) of 2D MoS 2 flakes in PDMS, the composite membrane is able to almost completely block the permeation of NO2 gas molecules at ppm levels. This major reduction is ascribed to the strong physisorption of NO2 gas molecules onto the 2D MoS2 flake basal planes.
Wafer-Sized Ultrathin Gallium and Indium Nitride Nanosheets through the Ammonolysis of Liquid Metal Derived Oxides
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-12-2019
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.8B11483
Abstract: We report the synthesis of centimeter sized ultrathin GaN and InN. The synthesis relies on the ammonolysis of liquid metal derived two-dimensional (2D) oxide sheets that were squeeze-transferred onto desired substrates. Wurtzite GaN nanosheets featured typical thicknesses of 1.3 nm, an optical bandgap of 3.5 eV and a carrier mobility of 21.5 cm
Light driven growth of silver nanoplatelets on 2D MoS2nanosheet templates
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TC00288E
Abstract: This work investigates a novel synthesis strategy for the functionalisation of 2D MoS 2 nanosheets with silver. Direct excitation of the MoS 2 bandgap was found to lead to the photodeposition and eventual planar growth of metallic silver on the 2D MoS 2 nanosheet templates.
Ionic imbalance induced self-propulsion of liquid metals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS12402
Abstract: Components with self-propelling abilities are important building blocks of small autonomous systems and the characteristics of liquid metals are capable of fulfilling self-propulsion criteria. To date, there has been no exploration regarding the effect of electrolyte ionic content surrounding a liquid metal for symmetry breaking that generates motion. Here we show the controlled actuation of liquid metal droplets using only the ionic properties of the aqueous electrolyte. We demonstrate that pH or ionic concentration gradients across a liquid metal droplet induce both deformation and surface Marangoni flow. We show that the Lippmann dominated deformation results in maximum velocity for the self-propulsion of liquid metal droplets and illustrate several key applications, which take advantage of such electrolyte-induced motion. With this finding, it is possible to conceive the propulsion of small entities that are constructed and controlled entirely with fluids, progressing towards more advanced soft systems.
Introducing manganese complexes as redox mediators for dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3CP54894E
Abstract: The abundance and low toxicity of manganese have led us to explore the application of manganese complexes as redox mediators for dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs), a promising solar energy conversion technology which mimics some of the key processes in photosynthesis during its operation. In this paper, we report the development of a DSC electrolyte based on the tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(iii)/(iv), [Mn(acac)3](0/1+), redox couple. PEDOT-coated FTO glass was used as a counter electrode instead of the conventionally used platinum. The influence of a number of device parameters on the DSC performance was studied, including the concentration of the reduced and oxidized mediator species, the concentration of specific additives (4-tert-butylpyridine, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and chenodeoxycholic acid) and the thickness of the TiO2 working electrode. These studies were carried out with a new donor-π-acceptor sensitizer K4. Maximum energy conversion efficiencies of 3.8% at simulated one Sun irradiation (AM 1.5 G 1000 W m(-2)) with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 765 mV, a short-circuit current (JSC) of 7.8 mA cm(-2) and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72 were obtained. Application of the commercially available MK2 and N719 sensitizers resulted in an energy conversion efficiency of 4.4% with a VOC of 733 mV and a JSC of 8.6 mA cm(-2) for MK2 and a VOC of 771 mV and a JSC of 7.9 mA cm(-2) for N719. Both dyes exhibit higher incident photon to current conversion efficiencies (IPCEs) than K4.
Dye regeneration and charge recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells with ferrocene derivatives as redox mediators
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C2EE21257A
Liquid Metals in Catalysis for Energy Applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Substoichiometric two-dimensional molybdenum oxide flakes: a plasmonic gas sensing platform
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4NR03073G
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum oxides at their various stoichiometries are promising candidates for generating plasmon resonances in visible light range and hence form efficient plasmonic gas sensing platforms.
Green Synthesis of Low-Dimensional Aluminum Oxide Hydroxide and Oxide Using Liquid Metal Reaction Media: Ultrahigh Flux Membranes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2018
Reductive exfoliation of substoichiometric MoS2bilayers using hydrazine salts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6NR04327E
Abstract: Substoichiometric molybdenum disulphide (MoSx) nanosheets are successfully synthesised following a novel reductive route using hydrazine salts. The resulting two dimensional crystals are found to be highly monodispersed in thickness, forming exclusively 1.9 ± 0.2 nm thick bilayers. The lateral dimensions of the nanosheets are governed by the precursor bulk particle's size. Exploring a range of hydrazine derivatives with various degrees of steric hindrance leads to the conclusion that intercalation does not occur during the process and that exfoliation is instead facilitated by the reduction of Mo centres leading to the exfoliation of substoichiometric bilayers with distorted lattices. The lattice distortion is found to be persistent across all s les with XPS analysis pointing towards a S to Mo ratio of 1.2. The resulting material features an electronic bandgap of 2.1 eV, which is wider than that of pristine monolayer MoS2 with relatively longer radiative decay time.
Precise Phenotyping for Improved Crop Quality and Management in Protected Cropping: A Review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/CROPS2040024
Abstract: Protected cropping produces more food per land area than field-grown crops. Protected cropping includes low-tech polytunnels utilizing protective coverings, medium-tech facilities with some environmental control, and high-tech facilities such as fully automated glasshouses and indoor vertical farms. High crop productivity and quality are maintained by using environmental control systems and advanced precision phenotyping sensor technologies that were first developed for broadacre agricultural and can now be utilized for protected-cropping applications. This paper reviews the state of the global protected-cropping industry and current precision phenotyping methodology and technology that is used or can be used to advance crop productivity and quality in a protected growth environment. This review assesses various sensor technologies that can monitor and maintain microclimate parameters, as well as be used to assess plant productivity and produce quality. The adoption of precision phenotyping technologies is required for sustaining future food security and enhancing nutritional quality.
Large Area Ultrathin InN and Tin Doped InN Nanosheets Featuring 2D Electron Gases
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-04-2022
Abstract: Indium nitride (InN) has been of significant interest for creating and studying two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG). Herein we demonstrate the formation of 2DEGs in ultrathin doped and undoped 2D InN nanosheets featuring high carrier mobilities at room temperature. The synthesis is carried out via a two-step liquid metal-based printing method followed by a microwave plasma-enhanced nitridation reaction. Ultrathin InN nanosheets with a thickness of ∼2 ± 0.2 nm were isolated over large areas with lateral dimensions exceeding centimeter scale. Room temperature Hall effect measurements reveal carrier mobilities of ∼216 and ∼148 cm
Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Biosystems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2015
Printing two-dimensional gallium phosphate out of liquid metal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-06124-1
Abstract: Two-dimensional piezotronics will benefit from the emergence of new crystals featuring high piezoelectric coefficients. Gallium phosphate (GaPO 4 ) is an archetypal piezoelectric material, which does not naturally crystallise in a stratified structure and hence cannot be exfoliated using conventional methods. Here, we report a low-temperature liquid metal-based two-dimensional printing and synthesis strategy to achieve this goal. We exfoliate and surface print the interfacial oxide layer of liquid gallium, followed by a vapour phase reaction. The method offers access to large-area, wide bandgap two-dimensional (2D) GaPO 4 nanosheets of unit cell thickness, while featuring lateral dimensions reaching centimetres. The unit cell thick nanosheets present a large effective out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient of 7.5 ± 0.8 pm V − 1 . The developed printing process is also suitable for the synthesis of free standing GaPO 4 nanosheets. The low temperature synthesis method is compatible with a variety of electronic device fabrication procedures, providing a route for the development of future 2D piezoelectric materials.
Antibacterial Liquid Metals: Biofilm Treatment via Magnetic Activation
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-01-2020
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of biofilm-related infections challenging. As such, the quest for next-generation antimicrobial technologies must focus on targeted therapies to which pathogenic bacteria cannot develop resistance. Stimuli-responsive therapies represent an alternative technological focus due to their capability of delivering targeted treatment. This study provides a proof-of-concept investigation into the use of magneto-responsive gallium-based liquid metal (LM) droplets as antibacterial materials, which can physically damage, disintegrate, and kill pathogens within a mature biofilm. Once exposed to a low-intensity rotating magnetic field, the LM droplets become physically actuated and transform their shape, developing sharp edges. When placed in contact with a bacterial biofilm, the movement of the particles resulting from the magnetic field, coupled with the presence of nanosharp edges, physically ruptures the bacterial cells and the dense biofilm matrix is broken down. The antibacterial efficacy of the magnetically activated LM particles was assessed against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms. After 90 min over 99% of both bacterial species became nonviable, and the destruction of the biofilms was observed. These results will impact the design of next-generation, LM-based biofilm treatments.
2‐nm‐Thick Indium Oxide Featuring High Mobility
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-02-2023
Abstract: Thin film transistors (TFTs) are key components for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices, resulting in a push for the wider exploration of semiconducting materials and cost‐effective synthesis processes. In this report, a simple approach is proposed to achieve 2‐nm‐thick indium oxide nanosheets from liquid metal surfaces by employing a squeeze printing technique and thermal annealing at 250 °C in air. The resulting materials exhibit a high degree of transparency ( %) and an excellent electron mobility of ≈96 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , surpassing that of pristine printed 2D In 2 O 3 and many other reported 2D semiconductors. UV‐detectors based on annealed 2D In 2 O 3 also benefit from this process step, with the photoresponsivity reaching 5.2 × 10 4 and 9.4 × 10 3 A W −1 at the wavelengths of 285 and 365 nm, respectively. These values are an order of magnitude higher than for as‐synthesized 2D In 2 O 3 . Utilizing transmission electron microscopy with in situ annealing, it is demonstrated that the improvement in device performances is due to nanostructural changes within the oxide layers during annealing process. This work highlights a facile and ambient air compatible method for fabricating high‐quality semiconducting oxides, which will find application in emerging transparent electronics and optoelectronics.
A liquid metal reaction environment for the room-temperature synthesis of atomically thin metal oxides
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 20-10-2017
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have a wide variety of potential applications in the electronics industry. However, certain compositions of 2D materials are difficult to obtain owing to the challenges in exfoliating thin sheets from bulk crystals. Zavabeti et al. exploited liquid metals to synthesize 2D Ga 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , Gd 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 . The 2D sheets appear as a surface layer in gallium-based liquid metals after the Hf, Gd, or Al is dissolved into the bulk alloy. The 2D oxide that appears on the surface is the oxide with the lowest energy, suggesting that it should be possible to make other 2D oxides by using the same process. Science , this issue p. 332
Sonication synthesis of micro-sized silver nanoparticle/oleic acid liquid marbles: A novel SERS sensing platform
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Electronic Tuning of 2D MoS2 through Surface Functionalization
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2015
Abstract: The electronic properties of thiol-functionalized 2D MoS2 nanosheets are investigated. Shifts in the valence and conduction bands and Fermi levels are observed while bandgaps remain unaffected. These findings allow the tuning of energy barriers between 2D MoS2 and other materials, which can lead to improved control over 2D MoS2 -based electronic and optical devices and catalysts.
Self-Limiting Galvanic Growth of MnO2 Monolayers on a Liquid Metal—Applied to Photocatalysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-07-2019
Ultrathin 2D silver sulphate nanosheets for visible-light-driven NO2 sensing at room temperature
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC03045D
Abstract: 2D Ag 2 SO 4 nanosheets have been delaminated from bulk Ag 2 S using a two-step combined exfoliation method. Upon blue light irradiation, the 2D Ag 2 SO 4 -based sensor exhibits high-performance responses toward low-concentrated NO 2 gas at room temperature.
Liquid metal-based catalysts for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide into solid carbon
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA01379K
Abstract: An electrocatalyst with trace vanadium alloyed with liquid metal reduces CO 2 directly into solid carbon.
Assessment of the Cytotoxicity of Nano Gallium Liquid Metal Droplets for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-2022
2D SnO/In 2 O 3 van der Waals Heterostructure Photodetector Based on Printed Oxide Skin of Liquid Metals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2019
Low-temperature liquid platinum catalyst
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41557-022-00965-6
Abstract: Insights into metal-matrix interactions in atomically dispersed catalytic systems are necessary to exploit the true catalytic activity of isolated metal atoms. Distinct from catalytic atoms spatially separated but immobile in a solid matrix, here we demonstrate that a trace amount of platinum naturally dissolved in liquid gallium can drive a range of catalytic reactions with enhanced kinetics at low temperature (318 to 343 K). Molecular simulations provide evidence that the platinum atoms remain in a liquid state in the gallium matrix without atomic segregation and activate the surrounding gallium atoms for catalysis. When used for electrochemical methanol oxidation, the surface platinum atoms in the gallium-platinum system exhibit an activity of [Formula: see text] three orders of magnitude higher than existing solid platinum catalysts. Such a liquid catalyst system, with a dynamic interface, sets a foundation for future exploration of high-throughput catalysis.
Corrigendum: Wafer-scale two-dimensional semiconductors from printed oxide skin of liquid metals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS15116
Abstract: Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14482 published: 17 February 2017 Updated: 22 March 2017 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Omid Kavehei, which was incorrectly given as Omid Kevehei. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Liquid Metal Alloy Catalysis – Challenges and Prospects
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-10-2023
Passivating Graphene and Suppressing Interfacial Phonon Scattering with Mechanically Transferred Large-Area Ga2O3
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-11-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.2C03492
Abstract: We demonstrate a large-area passivation layer for graphene by mechanical transfer of ultrathin amorphous Ga
Bi2 O3 monolayers from elemental liquid bismuth
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8NR03788D
Abstract: Atomically thin layers of Bi 2 O 3 are isolated from liquid bismuth, allowing the development of ultrafast 2D-enabled UV photo-detectors.
Integrated liquid metal based two-dimensional Ni–C–Al2O3 nanoarrays on enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption performance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Emergence of Liquid Metals in Nanotechnology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-06-2019
Abstract: Bulk liquid metals have prospective applications as soft and fluid electrical and thermal conductors in electronic and optical devices, composites, microfluidics, robotics, and metallurgy with unique opportunities for processing, chemistry, and function. Yet liquid metals' great potential in nanotechnology remains in its infancy. Although work to date focuses primarily on Ga, Hg, and their alloys, to expand the field, we define "liquid metals" as metals and alloys with melting points (mp) up to 330 °C, readily accessible and processable even using household kitchen appliances. Such a definition encompasses a family of metals-including the majority of post-transition metals and Zn group elements (excluding Zn itself)-with remarkable versatility in chemistry, physics, and engineering. These liquid alloys can create metallic compounds of different morphologies, compositions, and properties, thereby enabling control over nanoscale phenomena. In addition, the presence of electronic and ionic "pools" within the bulk of liquid metals, as well as deviation from classical metallurgy on the surfaces of liquid metals, provides opportunities for gaining new capabilities in nanotechnology. For ex le, the bulk and surfaces of liquid metals can be used as reaction media for creating and manipulating nanomaterials, promoting reactions, or controlling crystallization of dissolved species. Interestingly, liquid metals have enormous surface tensions, yet the tension can be tuned electrically over a wide range or modified
Two dimensional and layered transition metal oxides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Low dimensional materials for glucose sensing
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1NR02529E
Abstract: Biosensors are essential components for effective healthcare management.
Polyphenol-Induced Adhesive Liquid Metal Inks for Substrate-Independent Direct Pen Writing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2021
Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Biological Applications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1002/CPCH.3
Abstract: Known to possess distinctive properties that differ greatly from their bulk form, layered two-dimensional materials have been extensively studied and incorporated into many versatile applications ranging from optoelectronics to sensors. For biomedical research, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have garnered much interest as they have been shown to exhibit relatively low toxicity, high stability in aqueous environments, and the ability to adhere to biological materials such as proteins. These materials are promising candidates, demonstrating potential applications in biosensing, cell imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Preparation and exfoliation of 2D TMDs play an important part in these various applications as their properties are heavily dependent on the number of layers and lateral size. Described in this article are protocols for the liquid exfoliation of 2D TMDs from their bulk materials. Additional protocols are also provided for functionalizing or modifying the surface of the exfoliated 2D TMDs. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxygen-Induced Doping of Spiro-MeOTAD in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Its Impact on Device Performance
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-08-2012
DOI: 10.1021/NL302509Q
Abstract: Solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (sDSCs) employing the hole conductor 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) require the presence of oxygen during fabrication and storage. In this paper, we determine the concentrations of oxidized spiro-MeOTAD within devices under different operating and storage conditions by UV-vis spectroscopy. Relative concentrations of spiro-MeOTAD(+) were found to be greater than 10% after illumination for standard sDSCs, where no chemical dopant had been used in the solar cell fabrication but oxygen and lithium ions were present. We suggest that oxidized spiro-MeOTAD is created as a byproduct of oxygen reduction at the TiO(2) surface during cell illumination. Furthermore, we studied the effect of light soaking under different conditions and associated changes in spiro-MeOTAD(+) concentration on the solar cell measurements. Our findings give insights to photochemical reactions occurring within sDSCs and provide guidelines for which doping levels should be used in device fabrication in absence of oxygen.
Synthesis of Planet‐Like Liquid Metal Nanodroplets with Promising Properties for Catalysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2023
Abstract: Liquid metal nanodroplets are an emerging class of underexplored materials with significant potential in many applications, including catalysis, bio‐therapeutics, and phase‐change materials. These nanostructures are generally synthesized by mechanical agitation via ultrasonication of low‐melting metals like Ga. Once these materials are successfully synthesized, they can be suspended in a vast array of different solvents. However, one major issue arises specifically with liquid metal alloys which are found to de‐alloy in the sonication process. Here, it is demonstrated that this challenge can be overcome by undertaking sonication at high temperatures, suspending nanodroplets within molten sodium acetate (NaOAc). After cooling, the nanostructures become planet‐like nanodroplets which are covered by an interfacial oxide crust, feature a liquid metal mantle, and a solid core. The molten salt solvent can effectively be removed rendering this approach to be ideal, especially for catalysts. The proof‐of‐concept application is demonstrated by carrying out electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation, using the Cu–Ga system. The superior performance of the Cu–Ga nanodroplets highlights potential in catalyzing a vast array of reactions. Aside from the Cu–Ga system, this facile process can be applied to multiple other systems, including Ag–Ga, Zn–Ga, Bi–Ga, In–Cu, and Sn–Cu.
Doped 2D SnS materials derived from liquid metal-solution for tunable optoelectronic devices
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2NR01135B
Abstract: Gas-liquid reaction phenomena on liquid-metal solvents can be used to form intriguing 2D materials with large lateral dimensions, where the free energies of formation determine the final product. A vast selection of elements can be incorporated into the liquid metal-based nanostructures, offering a versatile platform for fabricating novel optoelectronic devices. While conventional doping techniques of semiconductors present several challenges for 2D materials. Liquid metals provide a facile route for obtaining doped 2D semiconductors. In this work, we successfully demonstrate that the doping of 2D SnS can be realized in a glove box containing a diluted H
Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond MOSFETs Using Ultrathin Glassy Ga2O3 Dielectric Formed by Low-Temperature Liquid Metal Printing Method
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-04-2015
Liquid metals: fundamentals and applications in chemistry
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7CS00043J
Abstract: Post-transition elements, together with zinc-group metals and their alloys belong to an emerging class of materials with fascinating characteristics originating from their simultaneous metallic and liquid natures.
Intercalated 2D MoS2 Utilizing a Simulated Sun Assisted Process: Reducing the HER Overpotential
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-01-2016
A new family of substituted triethoxysilyl iodides as organic iodide sources for dye-sensitised solar cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B925315G
Dominating Energy Losses in NiO p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-11-2015
Low temperature mechano-catalytic biofuel conversion using liquid metals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Liquid metal synthesis solvents for metallic crystals
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 09-12-2022
Abstract: In nature, snowflake ice crystals arrange themselves into erse symmetrical six-sided structures. We show an analogy of this when zinc (Zn) dissolves and crystallizes in liquid gallium (Ga). The low-melting-temperature Ga is used as a “metallic solvent” to synthesize a range of flake-like Zn crystals. We extract these metallic crystals from the liquid metal solvent by reducing its surface tension using a combination of electrocapillary modulation and vacuum filtration. The liquid metal–grown crystals feature high morphological ersity and persistent symmetry. The concept is expanded to other single and binary metal solutes and Ga-based solvents, with the growth mechanisms elucidated through ab initio simulation of interfacial stability. This strategy offers general routes for creating highly crystalline, shape-controlled metallic or multimetallic fine structures from liquid metal solvents.
Liquid metals for tuning gas sensitive layers
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9TC01544B
Abstract: Liquid metals can offer extraordinary properties for application in the field of sensors, yet their potential has not been fully realised.
Liquid Metal-Based Route for Synthesizing and Tuning Gas-Sensing Elements
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-03-2020
Ultra-Thin lead oxide piezoelectric layers for reduced environmental contamination using a liquid metal-based process
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA06379G
Abstract: Mitigation of the health hazards caused by Pb is necessary. A liquid metal-based synthesis method delivers unit-cell-thick layers of PbO with comparable piezoelectric response and band gap to PZT thick films while posing reduced toxicity.
Author Correction: High-mobility p-type semiconducting two-dimensional β-TeO2
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2021
Degenerately Hydrogen Doped Molybdenum Oxide Nanodisks for Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Biosensing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2018
Physisorption-Based Charge Transfer in Two-Dimensional SnS2 for Selective and Reversible NO2 Gas Sensing
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-10-2015
Abstract: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas species that plays an important role in certain industrial, farming, and healthcare sectors. However, there are still significant challenges for NO2 sensing at low detection limits, especially in the presence of other interfering gases. The NO2 selectivity of current gas-sensing technologies is significantly traded-off with their sensitivity and reversibility as well as fabrication and operating costs. In this work, we present an important progress for selective and reversible NO2 sensing by demonstrating an economical sensing platform based on the charge transfer between physisorbed NO2 gas molecules and two-dimensional (2D) tin disulfide (SnS2) flakes at low operating temperatures. The device shows high sensitivity and superior selectivity to NO2 at operating temperatures of less than 160 °C, which are well below those of chemisorptive and ion conductive NO2 sensors with much poorer selectivity. At the same time, excellent reversibility of the sensor is demonstrated, which has rarely been observed in other 2D material counterparts. Such impressive features originate from the planar morphology of 2D SnS2 as well as unique physical affinity and favorable electronic band positions of this material that facilitate the NO2 physisorption and charge transfer at parts per billion levels. The 2D SnS2-based sensor provides a real solution for low-cost and selective NO2 gas sensing.
Bismuth telluride topological insulator synthesized using liquid metal alloys: Test of NO2 selective sensing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Exfoliation Solvent Dependent Plasmon Resonances in Two-Dimensional Sub-Stoichiometric Molybdenum Oxide Nanoflakes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-02-2016
Abstract: Few-layer two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum oxide nanoflakes are exfoliated using a grinding assisted liquid phase sonication exfoliation method. The sonication process is carried out in five different mixtures of water with both aprotic and protic solvents. We found that surface energy and solubility of mixtures play important roles in changing the thickness, lateral dimension, and synthetic yield of the nanoflakes. We demonstrate an increase in proton intercalation in 2D nanoflakes upon simulated solar light exposure. This results in substoichiometric flakes and a subsequent enhancement in free electron concentrations, producing plasmon resonances. Two plasmon resonance peaks associated with the thickness and the lateral dimension axes are observable in the s les, in which the plasmonic peak positions could be tuned by the choice of the solvent in exfoliating 2D molybdenum oxide. The extinction coefficients of the plasmonic absorption bands of 2D molybdenum oxide nanoflakes in all s les are found to be high (ε > 10(9) L mol(-1) cm(-1)). It is expected that the tunable plasmon resonances of 2D molybdenum oxide nanoflakes presented in this work can be used in future electronic, optical, and sensing devices.
Plasmon resonances of highly doped two-dimensional MoS2
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-01-2015
DOI: 10.1021/NL503563G
Abstract: The exhibition of plasmon resonances in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor compounds is desirable for many applications. Here, by electrochemically intercalating lithium into 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes, plasmon resonances in the visible and near UV wavelength ranges are achieved. These plasmon resonances are controlled by the high doping level of the nanoflakes after the intercalation, producing two distinct resonance peak areas based on the crystal arrangements. The system is also benchmarked for biosensing using bovine serum albumin. This work provides a foundation for developing future 2D MoS2 based biological and optical units.
Two dimensional PbMoO4 : A photocatalytic material derived from a naturally non-layered crystal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Atomically Thin Antimony‐Doped Indium Oxide Nanosheets for Optoelectronics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2022
Abstract: Wide bandgap semiconducting oxides are emerging as potential 2D materials for transparent electronics and optoelectronics. This fuels the quest for discovering new 2D metal oxides with ultrahigh transparency and high mobility. While the former can be achieved by reducing the thickness of oxide films to only a few nanometers, the latter is more commonly realized by intentional doping. This article reports a one‐step synthesis of few‐unit‐cell‐thick and laterally large antimony‐doped indium oxide (IAO). The doping process occurs spontaneously when the oxide is grown on the surface of a molten Sb–In alloy and 2D IAO nanosheets can be easily printed onto desired substrates. With thicknesses at the atomic scale, these materials exhibit excellent transparency exceeding 98% across the visible and near‐infrared range. Field‐effect transistors based on low‐doped IAO nanosheets reveal a high electron mobility of ≈40 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Additionally, a notable photoresponse is observed in 2D IAO‐based photodetectors under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Photoresponsivities of low‐doped and highly doped IAO at a wavelength of 285 nm are found to be 1.2 × 10 3 and 0.7 × 10 3 A W −1 , respectively, identifying these materials as promising candidates for the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronics in the UV region.
High-mobility p-type semiconducting two-dimensional β-TeO2
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2021
Exfoliation of Quasi-Stratified Bi2 S3 Crystals into Micron-Scale Ultrathin Corrugated Nanosheets
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2016
Patterned films from exfoliated two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides assembled at a liquid-liquid interface
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7TC01883E
Abstract: We present a facile method for controlled and patterned deposition of large area films made of exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides.
Ultrathin oxysulfide semiconductors from liquid metal: a wet chemical approach
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1TC01937F
Abstract: Liquid metal chemistry offers a new pathway towards the creation of functional 2D metal oxysulfides.
Thiolate/Disulfide Based Electrolytes for p-type and Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Unique surface patterns emerging during solidification of liquid metal alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41565-020-00835-7
Abstract: It is well-understood that during the liquid-to-solid phase transition of alloys, elements segregate in the bulk phase with the formation of microstructures. In contrast, we show here that in a Bi-Ga alloy system, highly ordered nanopatterns emerge preferentially at the alloy surfaces during solidification. We observed a variety of transition, hybrid and crystal-defect-like patterns, in addition to lamellar and rod-like structures. Combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the influence of the superficial Bi and Ga
Peculiar piezoelectricity of atomically thin planar structures
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR08063E
Abstract: The real realm and recent advances of piezoelectricity after thinning down to two-dimensional materials have been introduced.
Advantages of eutectic alloys for creating catalysts in the realm of nanotechnology-enabled metallurgy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-12615-6
Abstract: The nascent field of nanotechnology-enabled metallurgy has great potential. However, the role of eutectic alloys and the nature of alloy solidification in this field are still largely unknown. To demonstrate one of the promises of liquid metals in the field, we explore a model system of catalytically active Bi-Sn nano-alloys produced using a liquid-phase ultrasonication technique and investigate their phase separation, surface oxidation, and nucleation. The Bi-Sn ratio determines the grain boundary properties and the emergence of dislocations within the nano-alloys. The eutectic system gives rise to the smallest grain dimensions among all Bi-Sn ratios along with more pronounced dislocation formation within the nano-alloys. Using electrochemical CO 2 reduction and photocatalysis, we demonstrate that the structural peculiarity of the eutectic nano-alloys offers the highest catalytic activity in comparison with their non-eutectic counterparts. The fundamentals of nano-alloy formation revealed here may establish the groundwork for creating bimetallic and multimetallic nano-alloys.
Mechanically transferred large-area Ga2O3passivates graphene and suppresses interfacial phonon scattering
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2022
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Oxide and Chalcogenide-Based Photocatalysts
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2017
High-Performance Field Effect Transistors Using Electronic Inks of 2D Molybdenum Oxide Nanoflakes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2016
Wafer-scale two-dimensional semiconductors from printed oxide skin of liquid metals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS14482
Abstract: A variety of deposition methods for two-dimensional crystals have been demonstrated however, their wafer-scale deposition remains a challenge. Here we introduce a technique for depositing and patterning of wafer-scale two-dimensional metal chalcogenide compounds by transforming the native interfacial metal oxide layer of low melting point metal precursors (group III and IV) in liquid form. In an oxygen-containing atmosphere, these metals establish an atomically thin oxide layer in a self-limiting reaction. The layer increases the wettability of the liquid metal placed on oxygen-terminated substrates, leaving the thin oxide layer behind. In the case of liquid gallium, the oxide skin attaches exclusively to a substrate and is then sulfurized via a relatively low temperature process. By controlling the surface chemistry of the substrate, we produce large area two-dimensional semiconducting GaS of unit cell thickness (∼1.5 nm). The presented deposition and patterning method offers great commercial potential for wafer-scale processes.
Direct conversion of CO2 to solid carbon by Ga-based liquid metals
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1EE03283F
Abstract: We present a simple alternative pathway to transform carbon dioxide to perpetually stored solid carbon.
Liquid metals: an ideal platform for the synthesis of two-dimensional materials.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1CS01166A
Abstract: The surfaces of liquid metals can serve as a platform to synthesise two-dimensional materials. By exploiting the self-limiting Cabrera-Mott oxidation reaction that takes place at the surface of liquid metals exposed to ambient air, an ultrathin oxide layer can be synthesised and isolated. Several synthesis approaches based on this phenomenon have been developed in recent years, resulting in a erse family of functional 2D materials that covers a significant fraction of the periodic table. These straightforward and inherently scalable techniques may enable the fabrication of novel devices and thus harbour significant application potential. This review provides a brief introduction to liquid metals and their alloys, followed by detailed guidance on each developed synthesis technique, post-growth processing methods, integration processes, as well as potential applications of the developed materials.
Ordered-vacancy-enabled indium sulphide printed in wafer-scale with enhanced electron mobility
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9MH01365B
Abstract: The unique and long-range ordered-vacancy structure in wafer-scale grown single-unit-cell-thick In 2 S 3 facilitates excellent electronic performance.
Surface Water Dependent Properties of Sulfur-Rich Molybdenum Sulfides: Electrolyteless Gas Phase Water Splitting
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-06-2017
Abstract: Sulfur-rich molybdenum sulfides are an emerging class of inorganic coordination polymers that are predominantly utilized for their superior catalytic properties. Here we investigate surface water dependent properties of sulfur-rich MoS
Liquid metal-based synthesis of high performance monolayer SnS piezoelectric nanogenerators
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-17296-0
Abstract: The predicted strong piezoelectricity for monolayers of group IV monochalcogenides, together with their inherent flexibility, makes them likely candidates for developing flexible nanogenerators. Within this group, SnS is a potential choice for such nanogenerators due to its favourable semiconducting properties. To date, access to large-area and highly crystalline monolayer SnS has been challenging due to the presence of strong inter-layer interactions by the lone-pair electrons of S. Here we report single crystal across-the-plane and large-area monolayer SnS synthesis using a liquid metal-based technique. The characterisations confirm the formation of atomically thin SnS with a remarkable carrier mobility of ~35 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and piezoelectric coefficient of ~26 pm V −1 . Piezoelectric nanogenerators fabricated using the SnS monolayers demonstrate a peak output voltage of ~150 mV at 0.7% strain. The stable and flexible monolayer SnS can be implemented into a variety of systems for efficient energy harvesting.
Ultrathin Ga2 O3 Glass: A Large-Scale Passivation and Protection Material for Monolayer WS2.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2021
Abstract: Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide crystals (TMDCs) have extraordinary optical properties that make them attractive for future optoelectronic applications. Integration of TMDCs into practical all‐dielectric heterostructures hinges on the ability to passivate and protect them against necessary fabrication steps on large scales. Despite its limited scalability, encapsulation of TMDCs in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) currently has no viable alternative for achieving high performance of the final device. Here, it is shown that the novel, ultrathin Ga 2 O 3 glass is an ideal centimeter‐scale coating material that enhances optical performance of the monolayers and protects them against further material deposition. In particular, Ga 2 O 3 capping of monolayer WS 2 outperforms commercial‐grade hBN in both scalability and optical performance at room temperature. These properties make Ga 2 O 3 highly suitable for large‐scale passivation and protection of monolayer TMDCs in functional heterostructures.
Flexible two-dimensional indium tin oxide fabricated using a liquid metal printing technique
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2020
Magnetic noise from ultrathin abrasively deposited materials on diamond
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-11-2018
Exploring electric field assisted van der Waals weakening of stratified crystals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Combustion Power in your Pocket: A Case for Portable Pyroelectric Energy Conversion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Liquid-Metal-Enabled Mechanical-Energy-Induced CO2 Conversion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2022
Abstract: A green carbon capture and conversion technology offering scalability and economic viability for mitigating CO 2 emissions is reported. The technology uses suspensions of gallium liquid metal to reduce CO 2 into carbonaceous solid products and O 2 at near room temperature. The nonpolar nature of the liquid gallium interface allows the solid products to instantaneously exfoliate, hence keeping active sites accessible. The solid co‐contributor of silver–gallium rods ensures a cyclic sustainable process. The overall process relies on mechanical energy as the input, which drives nano‐dimensional triboelectrochemical reactions. When a gallium/silver fluoride mix at 7:1 mass ratio is employed to create the reaction material, 92% efficiency is obtained at a remarkably low input energy of 230 kWh (excluding the energy used for dissolving CO 2 ) for the capture and conversion of a tonne of CO 2 . This green technology presents an economical solution for CO 2 emissions.
The Impact of Water on the Lateral Nanostructure of a Deep Eutectic Solvent–Solid Interface
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 06-07-2021
DOI: 10.1071/CH21078
Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are tuneable solvents with attractive properties for numerous applications. Their structure–property relationships are still under investigation, especially at the solid–liquid interface. Moreover, the influence of water on interfacial nanostructure must be understood for process optimization. Here, we employ a combination of atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the lateral and surface-normal nanostructure of the DES choline chloride:glycerol at the mica interface with different concentrations of water. For the neat DES system, the lateral nanostructure is driven by polar interactions. The surface adsorbed layer forms a distinct rhomboidal symmetry, with a repeat spacing of ~0.9 nm, comprising all DES species. The adsorbed nanostructure remains largely unchanged in 75 mol-% DES compared with pure DES, but at 50 mol-%, the structure is broken and there is a compromise between the native DES and pure water structure. By 25 mol-% DES, the water species dominates the adsorbed liquid layer, leaving very few DES species aggregates at the interface. In contrast, the near-surface surface-normal nanostructure, over a depth of ~3 nm from the surface, remains relatively unchanged down to 25 mol-% DES where the liquid arrangement changed. These results demonstrate not only the significant influence that water has on liquid nanostructure, but also show that there is an asymmetric effect whereby water disrupts the nanostructure to a greater degree closer to the surface. This work provides insight into the complex interactions between DES and water and may enhance their optimization for surface-based applications.
Liquid metal core-shell structures functionalised via mechanical agitation: The example of Field's metal
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9TA05200C
Abstract: Field's metal particles synthesised by mechanical agitation exhibit peculiar core–shell structure and functionality.
Field’s Metal Nanodroplets for Creating Phase-Change Materials
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-2022
Exciton-Driven Chemical Sensors Based on Excitation-Dependent Photoluminescent Two-Dimensional SnS
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-10-2019
Abstract: Excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL) in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal chalcogenides enables a strong excitonic interaction for high-performance chemical and biological sensing applications. In this work, we explore the possible candidates in the domain of post-transition-metal chalcogenides. Few-layered 2D p-type tin monosulfide (SnS) nanoflakes with submicrometer lateral dimensions are synthesized from the liquid phase exfoliation of bulk crystals. Excitation wavelength-dependent PL is found, and the excitonic radiative lifetime is more than one order enhanced compared to that of the bulk counterpart because of the quantum confinement effect. Paramagnetic NO
Shifting Centres: Site Location and Resource Procurement on the North Coast of Cyprus over the Longue Durée of the Prehistoric Bronze Age
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-05-2018
DOI: 10.3390/LAND7020064
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