ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1862-0649
Current Organisation
ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Inorganic Chemistry | Analytical Spectrometry | Mineralogy and Crystallography | Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions | Bioinorganic Chemistry | Chemical Spectroscopy | Biological And Medical Chemistry | Molecular Medicine | Solid State Chemistry | Bioinorganic Chemistry | Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry | Inorganic Green Chemistry | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Nanoscale Characterisation | Medical Biotechnology | Nanotechnology | Medical Biotechnology Diagnostics (incl. Biosensors) | Regenerative Medicine (incl. Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering) | Nanobiotechnology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Chemical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Human Diagnostics | Biological sciences | Earth sciences | Physical sciences | Treatments (e.g. chemicals, antibiotics) |
Related Links
Publications
Evidence of biogeochemical processes in iron duricrust formation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
One-step method for generating PEG-like plasma polymer gradients: Chemical characterization and analysis of protein interactions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-08-2010
DOI: 10.1021/LA102033D
Abstract: In this work we report a one-step method for the fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-like chemical gradients, which were deposited via continuous wave radio frequency glow discharge plasma polymerization of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG). A knife edge top electrode was used to produce the gradient coatings at plasma load powers of 5 and 30 W. The chemistry across the gradients was analyzed using a number of complementary techniques including spatially resolved synchrotron source grazing incidence FTIR microspectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron source near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Gradients deposited at lower load power retained a higher degree of monomer like functionality as did the central region directly underneath the knife edge electrode of each gradient film. Surface derivatization experiments were employed to investigate the concentration of residual ether units in the films. In addition, surface derivatization was used to investigate the reactivity of the gradient films toward primary amine groups in a graft copolymer of poly (L-lysine) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG copolymer) which was correlated to residual aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid functionalities within the films. The protein adsorption characteristics of the gradients were analyzed using three proteins of varying size and charge. Protein adsorption varied and was dependent on the chemistry and the physical properties (such as size and charge) of the proteins. A correlation between the concentration of ether functionality and the protein fouling characteristics along the gradient films was observed. The gradient coating technique developed in this work allows for the efficient and high-throughput study of biomaterial gradient coating interactions.
Near-field photothermal Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-2002
Mechanisms of murine cerebral malaria: Multimodal imaging of altered cerebral metabolism and protein oxidation at hemorrhage sites
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 04-12-2015
Abstract: Multimodal spectroscopic imaging resolved controversies on biochemical changes associated with cerebral malaria pathology.
Customizing the surface charge of thin-film composite membranes by surface plasma thin film polymerization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Structure and Chemical Organization in Damselfly Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis Wings: A Spatially Resolved FTIR and XRF Analysis with Synchrotron Radiation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-26563-6
Abstract: Insects represent the majority of known animal species and exploit a variety of fascinating nanotechnological concepts. We investigated the wings of the damselfly Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis , whose males have dark pigmented wings and females have slightly pigmented wings. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanoscale synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy analysis for characterizing the nanostructure and the elemental distribution of the wings, respectively. The spatially resolved distribution of the organic constituents was examined by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (s-FTIR) microspectroscopy and subsequently analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis. The chemical distribution across the wing was rather uniform with no evidence of melanin in female wings, but with a high content of melanin in male wings. Our data revealed a fiber-like structure of the hairs and confirmed the presence of voids close to its base connecting the hairs to the damselfly wings. Within these voids, all detected elements were found to be locally depleted. Structure and elemental contents varied between wing membranes, hairs and veins. The elemental distribution across the membrane was rather uniform, with higher Ca, Cu and Zn levels in the male damselfly wing membranes.
Research in Art and Archaeology: Capabilities and Investigations at the Australian Synchrotron
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2019
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone, Alendronate and Odanacatib on the mineralisation process in intracortical and endocortical Haversian bone of ovariectomized rabbits
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-01-2018
DOI: 10.1101/255703
Abstract: Although cortical bone strength depends on optimal bone composition, the influences of standard therapeutic agents for osteoporosis on bone mineral accrual in cortical bone are not understood. This study compared effects on cortical bone composition of two current therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis: the anti-resorptive bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN), and anabolic intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH). The experimental anti-resorptive cathepsin K inhibitor, odanacatib (ODN) which inhibits resorption without inhibiting bone formation, was also tested. To determine effects of these agents on Haversian remodeling and mineral accrual, we compared ALN (100μg/kg/2xweek), PTH(1-34) (15μg/kg, 5x/week) and ODN (7.5μM/day) administered for 10 months commencing 6 months after ovariectomy (OVX) in skeletally mature rabbits by histomorphometry. We used synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (sFTIRM), coupled to fluorochrome labelling, to measure maturation of the cortical matrix in situ at both endocortical and intracortical sites of bone formation. PTH and ODN, but not ALN, treatment increased bone toughness, and PTH treatment stimulated bone formation, not only on endocortical and periosteal bone, but also in intracortical pores. In Sham and OVX rabbits, normal matrix maturation was observed at both endocortical and intracortical sites including: mineral accrual (increasing mineral:matrix), carbonate substitution (carbonate:mineral) and collagen molecular compaction (amide I:II) in situ in endocortical and intracortical bone. ALN treatment reduced bone formation on these surfaces. In ALN-treated bone, while intracortical bone matured normally, endocortical bone did not show a significant increase in mineral:matrix. ODN treatment resulted in slower mineral accrual and limited carbonate substitution. While PTH-treatment did not modify matrix maturation in endocortical bone, the initial stages of mineral accrual were slower in intracortical bone. In conclusion, these three classes of therapy have differing effects on both bone formation, and the process of bone matrix maturation. ALN suppresses bone formation, and the normal process of matrix maturation in endocortical bone. ODN does not suppress bone formation, but limits mineral accrual. PTH stimulates bone formation, and the matrix formed matures normally in endocortical bone. The ability of PTH treatment to stimulate bone formation in intracortical bone may provide a novel additional mechanism by which PTH increases bone strength.
Monitoring the reversible B to A-like transition of DNA in eukaryotic cells using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-03-2011
DOI: 10.1093/NAR/GKR175
Shedding new light on the molecular architecture of oocytes using a combination of synchrotron fourier transform-infrared and raman spectroscopic mapping
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-11-2008
DOI: 10.1021/AC8015483
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy reveals unique phenotypes for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell lines and their progeny
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-04-2013
Abstract: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was employed to elucidate the macromolecular phenotype of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their differentiated progeny. Undifferentiated hESCs and hiPSC lines were found to be not clearly distinguishable from each other. However, although both hESC and hiPSC variants appeared to undergo similar changes during differentiation in terms of cell surface antigens, the derived cell types from all cell lines could be discriminated using FTIR spectroscopy. We foresee a possible future role for FTIR microspectroscopy as a powerful and objective investigative and quality control tool in regenerative medicine.
Orientation information added to IR hyperspectral imaging: silk and paracetamol
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-12-2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2551712
Classification of aggressive and classic mantle cell lymphomas using synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-49326-3
Abstract: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is regarded as an incurable neoplasm, even to the novel drug strategies. It is known MCL has two morphological variants- classic and aggressive. Aggressive MCL is characterized by a higher mitotic index and proliferation rate, and poor overall survival in comparison to classic subtype. The insight into the detailed biochemical composition of MCL is crucial in the further development of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for MCL patients therefore Synchrotron radiation Fourier Transform Infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used. The major spectral differences were observed in proteins and nucleic acids content, revealing a classification scheme of classic and aggressive MCLs. The results obtained suggest that FTIR microspectroscopy has reflected the histopathological discrimination of both MCL subtypes.
Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy reveals the response of Sphagnum cell wall material to its aqueous chemical environment
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/EN18120
Abstract: Environmental contextSphagnum moss is a widespread species in peatlands globally and responsible for a large fraction of carbon storage in these systems. We used synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy to characterise the acid-base properties of Sphagnum moss and the conditions under which calcium uptake can occur (essential for plant tissue integrity). The work allows a chemical model for Sphagnum distribution in the landscape to be proposed. AbstractSphagnum is one the major moss types responsible for the deposition of organic soils in peatland systems. The cell walls of this moss have a high proportion of carboxylated polysaccharides (polygalacturonic acids), which act as ion exchangers and are likely to be important for the structural integrity of the cell walls. We used synchrotron light source infrared microspectroscopy to characterise the acid-base and calcium complexation properties of the cell walls of Sphagnum cristatum stems, using freshly sectioned tissue confined in a flowing liquid cell with both normal water and D2O media. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of acid and base forms are consistent with those expected for protonated and deprotonated aliphatic carboxylic acids (such as uronic acids). Spectral deconvolution shows that the dominant aliphatic carboxylic groups in this material behave as a monoprotic acid (pKa=4.97–6.04). The cell wall material shows a high affinity for calcium, with a binding constant (K) in the range 103.9–104.7 (1:1 complex). The chemical complexation model developed here allows for the prediction of the chemical environment (e.g. pH, ionic content) under which Ca2+ uptake can occur, and provides an improved understanding for the observed distribution of Sphagnum in the landscape.
Intracellular localisation studies of doxorubicin and Victoria Blue BO in EMT6-S and EMT6-R cells using confocal microscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Chemically imaging the interaction of acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) with a polylactic acid (PLA) polymer matrix
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2017
The culture of neurons on silicon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization: Mapping Carbon Speciation from Intact Microaggregates
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-10-2018
Abstract: The clearing of land for agricultural production depletes soil organic carbon (OC) reservoirs, yet despite their importance, the mechanisms by which C is stabilized in soils remain unclear. Using synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy, we have for the first time obtained in situ, laterally resolved data regarding the speciation of C within sections taken from intact free microaggregates from two contrasting soils (Vertisol and Oxisol, 0-20 cm depth) impacted upon by long-term (up to 79 y) agricultural production. There was no apparent gradient in the C concentration from the aggregate surface to the interior for any of the three forms of C examined (aliphatic C, aromatic C, and polysaccharide C). Rather, organo-mineral interactions were of critical importance in influencing overall C stability, particularly for aliphatic C, supporting the hypothesis that microaggregates form through organo-mineral interactions. However, long-term cropping substantially decreased the magnitude of the organo-mineral interactions for all three forms of C. Thus, although organo-mineral interactions are important for OC stability, C forms associated with the mineral phases are not entirely resistant to degradation. These results provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms by which microaggregates form and the factors influencing the persistence of OC in soils.
Discrimination of micromass-induced chondrocytes from human mesenchymal stem cells by focal plane array-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2014.05.037
Abstract: Rapid and sensitive methods for identifying stem cell differentiation state are required for facilitating future stem cell therapies. We aimed to evaluate the capability of focal plane array-Fourier transform infrared (FPA-FTIR) microspectroscopy for characterising the differentiation of chondrocytes from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Successful induction was validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis for collagen and aggrecan expression as chondrocyte markers in parallel with the spectroscopy. Spectra derived from chondrocyte-induced cells revealed strong IR absorbance bands attributed to collagen near 1338 and 1234 cm(-1) and proteoglycan at 1245 and 1175-960 cm(-1) compared to the non-induced cells. In addition, spectra from control and induced cells are segregated into separate clusters in partial least squares discriminant analysis score plots at the very early stages of induction and discrimination of an independent set of validation spectra with 100% accuracy. The predominant bands responsible for this discrimination were associated with collagen and aggrecan protein concordant with those obtained from RT-PCR and Western blot techniques. Our findings support the capability of FPA-FTIR microspectroscopy as a label-free tool for stem cell characterization allowing rapid and sensitive detection of macromolecular changes during chondrogenic differentiation.
4GLS: a fourth-generation light source that for the biomedical scientist is more than a laser and more than a storage ring
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-04-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.461384
Adenovirus Type-5 Entry and Disassembly Followed in Living Cells by FRET, Fluorescence Anisotropy, and FLIM
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Infrared Based Saliva Screening Test for COVID‐19
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2021
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical in controlling the spread of COVID‐19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose‐built transflection accessory for rapid point‐of‐care detection of COVID‐19 markers in saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared (IR) and AFM‐IR. A data set comprising 171 transflection infrared spectra from 29 subjects testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐qPCR and 28 testing negative, was modeled using Monte Carlo Double Cross Validation with 50 randomized test and model sets. The testing sensitivity was 93 % (27/29) with a specificity of 82 % (23/28) that included positive s les on the limit of detection for RT‐qPCR. Herein, we demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept high throughput infrared COVID‐19 test that is rapid, inexpensive, portable and utilizes s le self‐collection thus minimizing the risk to healthcare workers and ideally suited to mass screening.
Co-delivery of inhalable therapies: Controlling active ingredients spatial distribution and temporal release
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Investigation of oil distribution in spray-dried chia seed oil microcapsules using synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2018.09.043
Abstract: In this study, chia seed oil (CSO) microcapsules were produced using three types of shell materials, including chia seed protein (CPI), chia seed gum (CSG) and CPI-CSG complex coacervates. Synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of shell materials on the distribution of CSO both on the surface and in the interior of the solid microcapsules. S-FTIR measurements were carried out in macroscopic attenuated total reflection (macro ATR) and transmission modes, to determine the surface lipid and the encapsulated lipid fractions, respectively. The amounts of lipid and protein distributed on the surface and in the interior of the microcapsules were compared based on the average spectra extracted from S-FTIR chemical images obtained from each type of the microcapsules. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) to total oil ratios in all the three types of the microcapsules were closely similar to the original non-processed CSO, suggesting an effective encapsulation and thereby shielding protection of UFAs from oxidative damage during microencapsulation process. The type of the shell materials was found to affect the distribution of CSO on the surface and within the microcapsules. The complex coacervation based microcapsules had a significantly lower oil content (∼2% w/w) on the surface compared to those observed for the other two types of microcapsules (>5%, w/w).
Free-standing spider silk webs of the thomisid Saccodomus formivorus are made of composites comprising micro- and submicron fibers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-74469-Z
Abstract: Our understanding of the extraordinary mechanical and physico-chemical properties of spider silk is largely confined to the fibers produced by orb-weaving spiders, despite the ersity of foraging webs that occur across numerous spider families. Crab spiders (Thomisidae) are described as ambush predators that do not build webs, but nevertheless use silk for draglines, egg cases and assembling leaf-nests. A little-known exception is the Australian thomisid Saccodomus formivorus , which constructs a basket-like silk web of extraordinary dimensional stability and structural integrity that facilitates the capture of its ant prey. We examined the physical and chemical properties of this unusual web and revealed that the web threads comprise microfibers that are embedded within a biopolymeric matrix containing additionally longitudinally-oriented submicron fibers. We showed that the micro- and submicron fibers differ in their chemical composition and that the web threads show a remarkable lateral resilience compared with that of the major ullate silk of a well-investigated orb weaver. Our novel analyses of these unusual web and silk characteristics highlight how investigations of non-model species can broaden our understanding of silks and the evolution of foraging webs.
The effect of thermally induced chemical transformations on the structure and properties of carbon fibre precursors
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7TA01022B
Abstract: This study quantitatively defines the temperature induced chemical transformations and evolution of radial heterogeneity during the stabilisation of carbon fibre precursors.
4GLS—the UK s fourth generation light source at Daresbury: new prospects in biological surface science
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-06-2004
Longitudinal development of wideband absorbance and admittance through infancy
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 15-07-2019
DOI: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-H-18-0480
Abstract: The aim of this article was to study the normal longitudinal development of wideband absorbance and admittance measures through infancy. Two hundred one infants who passed the newborn hearing screen (automated auditory brainstem response) were tested at birth and then followed up at approximately 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Most infants were of either White (86%) or Asian (11%) descent. At each test session, infants passed tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests. High-frequency (1000-Hz) tympanometry was used at birth and 6 months of age, and low-frequency (226-Hz) tympanometry was used at 12 and 18 months of age. Wideband pressure reflectance was also measured at each session and analyzed in terms of absorbance, admittance at the probe tip, and admittance normalized for differences in ear canal area. Multilevel hierarchical models were fitted to the absorbance and admittance data to investigate for effects of age, ear side, gender, ethnicity, and frequency. There were considerable age effects on wideband absorbance and admittance measurements over the first 18 months of life. The most dramatic changes occurred between birth and 6 months of age, and there were significant differences between all age groups in the 3000- to 4000-Hz region. There were significant ethnicity effects that were substantial for certain combinations of ethnicity, age, and frequency (e.g., absorbance at 6000 Hz at 12 months of age). There are large developmental effects on wideband absorbance and admittance measures through infancy. For absorbance, we recommend separate reference data be used at birth, 6 months of age, and 12–18 months of age. For admittance (both normalized and at the probe tip), we advise using separate normative regions for each age group (neonates and 6, 12, and 18 months).
Revealing the Elemental Distribution within Latent Fingermarks Using Synchrotron Sourced X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-07-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B01843
Abstract: Fingermarks are an important form of crime-scene trace evidence however, their usefulness may be h ered by a variation in response or a lack of robustness in detection methods. Understanding the chemical composition and distribution within fingermarks may help explain variation in latent fingermark detection with existing methods and identify new strategies to increase detection capabilities. The majority of research in the literature describes investigation of organic components of fingermark residue, leaving the elemental distribution less well understood. The relative scarcity of information regarding the elemental distribution within fingermarks is in part due to previous unavailability of direct, micron resolution elemental mapping techniques. This capability is now provided at third generation synchrotron light sources, where X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) provides micron or submicron spatial resolution and direct detection with sub-μM detection limits. XFM has been applied in this study to reveal the distribution of inorganic components within fingermark residue, including endogenous trace metals (Fe, Cu, Zn), diffusible ions (Cl
The Characterisation of Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells Using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-08-2013
Dielectric cross-shaped-resonator-based metasurface for vortex beam generation at mid-IR and THz wavelengths
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: Metasurfaces are engineered thin surfaces comprising two-dimensional (2D) arrays of sub-wavelength-spaced and sub-wavelength-sized resonators. Metasurfaces can locally manipulate the litude, phase, and polarization of light with high spatial resolution. In this paper, we report numerical and experimental results of a vortex-beam-generating metasurface fabricated specifically for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) wavelengths. The designed metasurface consists of a 2D array of dielectric cross-shaped resonators with spatially varying length, thereby providing the desired spatially varying phase shift to the incident light. The metasurface was found to be insensitive to the polarization of the incident light. The dimensions of the cross-resonators were calculated using rigorous finite-difference time-domain analysis. The spectral scalability via physical scaling of the meta-resonators is demonstrated using two vortex-generating optical elements operating at 8.8 μm (IR) and 0.78 THz. The vortex beam generated in the mid-IR spectral range was imaged using a Fourier transform IR (FTIR) imaging miscroscope equipped with a focal plane array detector. This design could be used for efficient wavefront shaping and various optical imaging applications in the mid-IR spectral range, where polarization insensitivity is desired.
Characterisation of chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1AN15182G
Abstract: A major limiting factor in stem cell therapy is the accurate identification of the differentiation state of cells destined for transplantation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy as a novel technique to probe the differentiation state of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to chondrocytes over a period of 7, 14 and 21 days of induction. The chondrogenic markers were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, histology and immunohistochemistry. The changes of average spectra located near 1338-1230 and 1175-960 cm(-1) indicated increased levels of collagen and aggrecan, respectively, in chondrocyte-induced hMSCs compared with control cells. Classification of independent test spectra using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) could distinguish control and chondrocyte-induced cells with 100% accuracy. We conclude that the SR-FTIR microspectroscopy technique is sensitive for monitoring the differentiation state of stem cells under chondrogenic induction particularly at an early stage. It provides biochemical information that is complimentary to that obtained from conventional techniques, and may give more unambiguous results particularly at the very early stage of cellular differentiation. In addition, the spectroscopic approach is more straightforward, non-destructive and requires less s le preparation compared with the conventional methodologies.
An infrared beamline at the australian synchrotron
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2436136
Degradation profiles of silk textiles in diverse environments: Synchrotron based infrared micro-spectroscopy analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2017
DOI: 10.1557/ADV.2017.596
Normative wideband reflectance measures in healthy neonates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPORL.2012.09.024
Abstract: Presently, normative wideband reflectance data are available for neonates who have passed a distortion product otoacoustic emission test. However, passing the distortion product otoacoustic emission test alone does not ensure normal middle ear function. The objective of this study was to establish normative wideband reflectance data in healthy neonates with normal middle ear function, as justified by passing a battery of tests. Wideband reflectance was measured in 66 infants (mean age=46.0 h, SD=21.0, range=13.3-116.5h) who passed a test battery that included high frequency (1000 Hz) tympanometry, acoustic stapedial reflex, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed significant variations of reflectance across the frequencies. There was no significant difference between ears and genders. The median reflectance reached a minimum of 0.21-0.24 at 1-2 kHz, but increased to 0.45-0.59 below 1 kHz and 0.24-0.52 above 2 kHz. The normative reflectance data established in the present study were in agreement with, but marginally smaller than, those of previous normative studies, except for the Keefe et al. (2000) study. While the use of a test battery approach to ensure normal middle ear function in neonates has resulted in slightly reduced reflectance across most frequencies when compared to studies that have used only otoacoustic emissions, further research is needed to accurately determine the middle ear status of neonates using test performance measures.
Probing the action of a novel anti-leukaemic drug therapy at the single cell level using modern vibrational spectroscopy techniques
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-02069-5
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a life threatening cancer for which there is an urgent clinical need for novel therapeutic approaches. A redeployed drug combination of bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate (BaP) has shown anti-leukaemic activity in vitro and in vivo . Elucidation of the BaP mechanism of action is required in order to understand how to maximise the clinical benefit. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Synchrotron radiation FTIR (S-FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy are powerful complementary techniques which were employed to probe the biochemical composition of two AML cell lines in the presence and absence of BaP. Analysis was performed on single living cells along with dehydrated and fixed cells to provide a large and detailed data set. A consideration of the main spectral differences in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis reveals a significant change to the cellular lipid composition with drug treatment furthermore, this response is not caused by cell apoptosis. No change to the DNA of either cell line was observed suggesting this combination therapy primarily targets lipid biosynthesis or effects bioactive lipids that activate specific signalling pathways.
Microanalysis of artworks: IR microspectroscopy of paint cross-sections
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Mapping of nutrient-induced biochemical changes in living algal cells using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.FEMSLE.2005.06.021
Abstract: High quality Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were acquired from living Micrasterias hardyi cells maintained in an IR transparent flow-through cell using a FTIR microscope coupled to a synchrotron light source. Spectral maps of living, nutrient-replete cells showed band intensities consistent with the known location of the nucleus and the chloroplasts. These were very similar to maps acquired from fixed, air-dried cells. Bands due to lipids were lowest in absorbance in the region of the nucleus and highest in the chloroplast region and this trend was reversed for the absorbance of bands attributed to protein. Spectra acquired in 10 microm steps across living phosphorus-starved (P-starved) cells, repeated approximately every 30 min, were consistent over time, and bands correlated well with the known position of the nucleus and the observed chloroplasts, corroborating the observations with replete cells. Experiments in which missing nutrients were re-supplied to starved cells showed that cells could be maintained in a functional state in the flow-through cell for up to one day. Nitrogen-starved cells re-supplied with N showed an increase in lipid in all positions measured across the cell over a 23 h period of re-supply, with the largest increases occurring in positions where the chloroplasts were observed. Re-supply of phosphorus to P-starved cells produced no changes in bands attributable to lipid or protein. Due to their thin cell body ( approximately 12 microm) and large diameter ( approximately 300 microm) Micrasterias sp. make an ideal spectroscopic model to study nutrient kinetics in algal cells.
An in situ time-dependent study of the photodimerisation of chloro-derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid using infrared microspectroscopy with a synchrotron radiation source
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B313306K
High-spatial-resolution mapping of superhydrophobic cicada wing surface chemistry using infrared microspectroscopy and infrared imaging at two synchrotron beamlines
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 22-03-2013
DOI: 10.1107/S0909049513004056
Abstract: The wings of some insects, such as cicadae, have been reported to possess a number of interesting and unusual qualities such as superhydrophobicity, anisotropic wetting and antibacterial properties. Here, the chemical composition of the wings of the Clanger cicada ( Psaltoda claripennis ) were characterized using infrared (IR) microspectroscopy. In addition, the data generated from two separate synchrotron IR facilities, the Australian Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline (AS-IRM) and the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, IRENI beamline, were analysed and compared. Characteristic peaks in the IR spectra of the wings were assigned primarily to aliphatic hydrocarbon and amide functionalities, which were considered to be an indication of the presence of waxy and proteinaceous components, respectively, in good agreement with the literature. Chemical distribution maps showed that, while the protein component was homogeneously distributed, a significant degree of heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of the waxy component, which may contribute to the self-cleaning and aerodynamic properties of the cicada wing. When comparing the data generated from the two beamlines, it was determined that the SRC IRENI beamline was capable of producing higher-spatial-resolution distribution images in a shorter time than was achievable at the AS-IRM beamline, but that spectral noise levels per pixel were considerably lower on the AS-IRM beamline, resulting in more favourable data where the detection of weak absorbances is required. The data generated by the two complementary synchrotron IR methods on the chemical composition of cicada wings will be immensely useful in understanding their unusual properties with a view to reproducing their characteristics in, for ex le, industry applications.
Infrared Spectroscopy with Multivariate Analysis Potentially Facilitates the Segregation of Different Types of Prostate Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8AN01543K
Abstract: Coupling synchrotron IR beam to an ATR element enhances spatial resolution suited for high-resolution single cell analysis in biology, medicine and environmental science.
Preformed Oligomeric Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Undergo an Ectodomain Structure Change during Signaling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Focal plane array IR imaging at the Australian Synchrotron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
High resolution synchrotron FTIR spectroscopy of the far infrared ν10 and ν11 bands of R152a (CH3 CHF2 )
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
A facility for confocal imaging and microvolume fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy at the SRS
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1998
Spectroscopic Imaging of InGaN Epilayers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1999
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199911)216:1<157::AID-PSSB157>3.0.CO;2-K
Qualitative spectroscopic characterization of the matrix-silane coupling agent interface across metal fibre reinforced ion exchange resin composite membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Ro-vibrational analysis of the ν9 and ν16 bands of R152a
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy reveals that tissue culture conditions affect the macromolecular phenotype of human embryonic stem cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN00321C
Abstract: We employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to investigate the effects of different tissue culture environments on the FTIR spectra of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiated progeny. First we tested whether there were any possible spectral artifacts resulting from the use of transflectance measurements by comparing them with transmission measurements and found no evidence of these concluding that the lack of any differences resulted from the homogeneity of the dried cytospun cellular monolayers. We found that hESCs that were enzymatically passaged onto mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in KOSR based hESC medium, hESCs enzymatically passaged onto Matrigel in mTESR medium and hESCs mechanically passaged onto MEFs in KOSR-based hESC medium, possessed unique FTIR spectroscopic signatures that reflect differences in their macromolecular chemistry. Further, these spectroscopic differences persisted even upon differentiation towards mesendodermal lineages. Our results suggest that FTIR microspectroscopy is a powerful, objective, measurement modality that complements existing methods for studying the phenotype of hESCs and their progeny, particularly changes induced by the cellular environment.
Asymmetric midshaft femur remodeling in an adult male with left sided hip joint ankylosis, Metal Period Nagsabaran, Philippines
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Increased autophagy in ephrinB2 deficient osteocytes is associated with hypermineralized, brittle bones
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 05-02-2018
DOI: 10.1101/260711
Abstract: Mineralized bone forms when collagen-containing osteoid accrues hydroxyapatite crystals. This process has two phases: a rapid initiation (primary mineralization), followed by slower accrual of mineral (secondary mineralization) that continues until that portion of bone is renewed by remodelling. Within the bone matrix is an interconnected network of cells termed osteocytes. These cells are derived from bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoblast differentiation requires expression of ephrinB2, and we were intrigued about why ephrinB2 continues to be expressed in mature osteocytes. To determine its function in osteocytes, we developed an osteocyte-specific ephrinB2 null mouse and found they exhibited a brittle bone phenotype. This was not caused by a change in bone mass, but by an intrinsic defect in the strength of the bone material. Although the initiation of osteoid mineralization occurred at a normal rate, the process of secondary mineralization was accelerated in these mice. The maturing mineralized bone matrix incorporated mineral and carbonate more rapidly than controls, indicating that osteocytic ephrinB2 suppresses mineral accumulation in bone. No known regulators of mineralization were modified in the bone of these mice. However, RNA sequencing showed differential expression of a group of autophagy-associated genes, and increased autophagic flux was confirmed in ephrinB2 knockdown osteocytes. This indicates that the process of secondary mineralization in bone makes use of autophagic machinery in a manner that is limited by ephrinB2 in osteocytes, and that this process may be disrupted in conditions of bone fragility.
Mineralised organic remains from cesspits at the Roman town of Silchester: Processes and preservation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2008.02.037
Abstract: Mineralised organic remains (including apple pips and cereal grains) collected during the ongoing excavations of Insula IX at the Roman town of Silchester, H shire have been analysed by a combination of SEM-EDX, powder XRD and IR spectroscopy. The experiments included mapping experiments using spatially resolved versions of each technique. IR and powder XRD mapping have been carried out utilising the synchrotron source at The Daresbury Laboratory on stations 11.1 and 9.6. It is concluded that these s les are preserved by rapid mineralisation in the carbonate-substituted calcium phosphate mineral, dahllite. The rapid mineralisation leads to excellent preservation of the s les and a small crystal size. The value of IR spectroscopy in studying materials like this where the crystal size is small is demonstrated. A comparison is made between the excellent preservation seen in this context and the much poorer preservation of mineralised remains seen in Context 5276 or Cesspit 5251. Comments on the possible mechanism of mineralisation of these s les are made.
Nanoscale chemical mapping of laser-solubilized silk
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-11-2017
Synchrotron FTIR shows evidence of DNA damage and lipid accumulation in prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells following proton irradiation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Characterization of Putative Stem Cell Populations in the Cornea Using Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1167/IOVS.05-1254
Abstract: High-resolution synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used to investigate the characteristics of putative adult stem cell (SC), transiently lified (TA) cell, and terminally differentiated (TD) cell populations of the corneal epithelium. Spectra of in idual cells in situ in cryosections of bovine cornea were collected by using a synchrotron microspectroscopy facility at Daresbury Laboratory (United Kingdom). The resultant spectra were analyzed by multivariate analysis. The median spectra of the three different cell populations showed marked differences, which correlated with their degree of differentiation and proliferative capacity. Multivariate (principal component) analysis (PCA) showed that the three cell populations could be segregated into discrete clusters, with only a slight overlap between the SC and TA cell populations. Further analysis (Mann-Whitney test) indicated that the most significant (P<0.001) spectral differences between the SC and TA cell populations were chiefly associated with changes in nucleic acid conformation. SR-FTIR microspectroscopy coupled with PCA appears to enable the identification of SC, TA cell, and TD cell populations. The results also suggest that a small subpopulation of cells in the corneal epithelial SC niche possess TA cell-like characteristics. The most significant spectral characteristics associated with the SCs appear to relate to differences in nucleic acid conformation. This finding is consistent with recent theories suggesting that the control of differentiation is related to major changes in chromatin structure.
Author Correction: Orientational Mapping Augmented Sub-Wavelength Hyper-Spectral Imaging of Silk
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-19721-3
Abstract: A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Magnetic field induced alignment of macroradical epoxy for enhanced electrical properties
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1SM01731D
Abstract: Improving the electrical performance of macroradical epoxy thermosets to surpass the semiconductor threshold requires a comprehensive understanding of the electrical charge transport mechanisms and characteristics.
Challenges in Biology and Medicine with Synchrotron Infrared Light
Publisher: Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Date: 02-2009
FTIR spectroscopy of single live cells in aqueous media by synchrotron IR microscopy using microfabricated sample holders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy of arsenic-induced changes to intracellular biomolecules in live leukemia cells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Mobility of photosynthetic complexes in thylakoid membranes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1038/37157
Subnanosecond polarized microfluorimetry in the time domain: An instrument for studying receptor trafficking in live cells
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-1998
DOI: 10.1063/1.1148691
Abstract: We describe an instrument designed to monitor molecular motions in multiphasic, weakly fluorescent microscopic systems. It combines synchrotron radiation, a low irradiance polarized microfluorimeter, and an automated, multiframing, single-photon-counting data acquisition system, and is capable of continually accumulating subnanosecond resolved anisotropy decays with a real-time resolution of about 60 s. The instrument has initially been built to monitor ligand–receptor interactions in living cells, but can equally be applied to the continual measurement of any dynamic process involving fluorescent molecules, that occurs over a time scale from a few minutes to several hours. As a particularly demanding demonstration of its capabilities, we have used it to monitor the environmental constraints imposed on the peptide hormone epidermal growth factor during its endocytosis and recycling to the cell surface in live cells.
Publisher Correction: Classification of aggressive and classic mantle cell lymphomas using synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-71092-W
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight
Publisher: MyJove Corporation
Date: 11-10-2016
DOI: 10.3791/54309
Development of a diagnostic prediction model for conductive conditions in neonates using wideband acoustic immittance
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000565
Abstract: Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) is an emerging test of middle-ear function with potential applications for neonates in screening and diagnostic settings. Previous large-scale diagnostic accuracy studies have assessed the performance of WAI against evoked otoacoustic emissions, but further research is needed using a more stringent reference standard. Research into suitable quantitative techniques to analyze the large volume of data produced by WAI is still in its infancy. Prediction models are an attractive method for analysis of multivariate data because they provide in idualized probabilities that a subject has the condition. A clinically useful prediction model must accurately discriminate between normal and abnormal cases and be well calibrated (i.e., give accurate predictions). The present study aimed to develop a diagnostic prediction model for detecting conductive conditions in neonates using WAI. A stringent reference standard was created by combining results of high-frequency tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. High-frequency tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were performed on both ears of 629 healthy neonates to assess outer- and middle-ear function. Wideband absorbance and complex admittance (magnitude and phase) were measured at frequencies ranging from 226 to 8000 Hz in each neonate at ambient pressure using a click stimulus. Results from one ear of each neonate were used to develop the prediction model. WAI results were used as logistic regression predictors to model the probability that an ear had outer/middle-ear dysfunction. WAI variables were modeled both linearly and nonlinearly, to test whether allowing nonlinearity improved model fit and thus calibration. The best-fitting model was validated using the opposite ears and with bootstrap res ling. The best-fitting model used absorbance at 1000 and 2000 Hz, admittance magnitude at 1000 and 2000 Hz, and admittance phase at 1000 and 4000 Hz modeled as nonlinear variables. The model accurately discriminated between normal and abnormal ears, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88. It effectively generalized to the opposite ears (AUC = 0.90) and with bootstrap res ling (AUC = 0.85). The model was well calibrated, with predicted probabilities aligning closely to observed results. The developed prediction model accurately discriminated between normal and dysfunctional ears and was well calibrated. The model has potential applications in screening or diagnostic contexts. In a screening context, probabilities could be used to set a referral threshold that is intuitive, easy to apply, and sensitive to the costs associated with true- and false-positive referrals. In a clinical setting, using predicted probabilities in conjunction with graphical displays of WAI could be used for in idualized diagnoses. Future research investigating the use of the model in diagnostic or screening settings is warranted.
<title>Synchrotron IR microspectroscopy of malignant tissue</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-10-1999
DOI: 10.1117/12.366633
High Spatial Resolution Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy Reveals the Mechanism of Leaf Lignin Decomposition by Aquatic Fungi
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-04-2013
Infrared Polariscopy Imaging of Linear Polymeric Patterns with a Focal Plane Array
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NANO9050732
Abstract: Polariscopy is demonstrated using hyperspectral imaging with a focal plane array (FPA) detector in the infrared (IR) spectral region under illumination by thermal and synchrotron light sources. FPA Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) imaging microspectroscopy is useful for monitoring real time changes at specific absorption bands when combined with a high brightness synchrotron source. In this study, several types of s les with unique structural motifs were selected and used for assessing the capability of polariscopy under this FPA-FTIR imaging technique. It was shown that the time required for polariscopy at IR wavelengths can be substantially reduced by the FPA-FTIR imaging approach. By using natural and laser fabricated polymers with sub-wavelength features, alignment of absorbing molecular dipoles and higher order patterns (laser fabricated structures) were revealed. Spectral polariscopy at the absorption peaks can reveal the orientation of sub-wavelength patterns (even when they are not spatially resolved) or the orientation of the absorbing dipoles.
Huntingtin Inclusions Trigger Cellular Quiescence, Deactivate Apoptosis, and Lead to Delayed Necrosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CELREP.2017.04.029
Abstract: Competing models exist in the literature for the relationship between mutant Huntingtin exon 1 (Httex1) inclusion formation and toxicity. In one, inclusions are adaptive by sequestering the proteotoxicity of soluble Httex1. In the other, inclusions compromise cellular activity as a result of proteome co-aggregation. Using a biosensor of Httex1 conformation in mammalian cell models, we discovered a mechanism that reconciles these competing models. Newly formed inclusions were composed of disordered Httex1 and ribonucleoproteins. As inclusions matured, Httex1 reconfigured into amyloid, and other glutamine-rich and prion domain-containing proteins were recruited. Soluble Httex1 caused a hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species, and promoted apoptosis. Inclusion formation triggered a collapsed mitochondrial potential, cellular quiescence, and deactivated apoptosis. We propose a revised model where sequestration of soluble Httex1 inclusions can remove the trigger for apoptosis but also co-aggregate other proteins, which curtails cellular metabolism and leads to a slow death by necrosis.
Increased autophagy in EphrinB2-deficient osteocytes is associated with elevated secondary mineralization and brittle bone
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-07-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-11373-9
Abstract: Mineralized bone forms when collagen-containing osteoid accrues mineral crystals. This is initiated rapidly (primary mineralization), and continues slowly (secondary mineralization) until bone is remodeled. The interconnected osteocyte network within the bone matrix differentiates from bone-forming osteoblasts although osteoblast differentiation requires EphrinB2, osteocytes retain its expression. Here we report brittle bones in mice with osteocyte-targeted EphrinB2 deletion. This is not caused by low bone mass, but by defective bone material. While osteoid mineralization is initiated at normal rate, mineral accrual is accelerated, indicating that EphrinB2 in osteocytes limits mineral accumulation. No known regulators of mineralization are modified in the brittle cortical bone but a cluster of autophagy-associated genes are dysregulated. EphrinB2-deficient osteocytes displayed more autophagosomes in vivo and in vitro, and EphrinB2-Fc treatment suppresses autophagy in a RhoA-ROCK dependent manner. We conclude that secondary mineralization involves EphrinB2-RhoA-limited autophagy in osteocytes, and disruption leads to a bone fragility independent of bone mass.
Molecular Organization of the Nanoscale Surface Structures of the Dragonfly Hemianax papuensis Wing Epicuticle
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-07-2013
Sulforaphane prevents and reverses allergic airways disease in mice via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and epigenetic mechanisms
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 23-08-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-787983/V1
Abstract: Sulforaphane has been investigated in human pathologies and preclinical models of airway diseases. To provide further mechanistic insights, we explored L-sulforaphane (LSF) in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic allergic airways murine model, with key hallmarks of asthma. Histological analysis indicated that LSF prevented or reversed OVA-induced epithelial thickening, collagen deposition, goblet cell metaplasia, and inflammation. Well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the beneficial effects of LSF. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy revealed altered composition of macromolecules, including lipids, following OVA-sensitization, which were restored by LSF. RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells highlighted the anti-inflammatory signature of LSF. Novel findings indicated that LSF reduced the expression and activity of histone deacetylase 8. Further, LSF resulted in histone and α-tubulin hyperacetylation in vivo. More generally, this study identified new epigenetic regulatory mechanisms accounting for the protective effects and provide support for the potential clinical utility of LSF in allergic airways disease.
The characterisation of Mozzarella cheese microstructure using high resolution synchrotron transmission and ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2019.04.016
Abstract: Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy allows the label-free examination of material microstructure but has not been widely applied to dairy products. Here, S-FTIR microspectroscopy was applied to observe the microstructure of Mozzarella cheese and assess the protein and lipid distribution within in idual cheese blocks. High lipid and high protein areas were identified in transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) analysis modes and the secondary structures of cheese proteins determined. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis identified variation in random coil, water content, lipid carbonyl and methylene stretching across the s led area. Similar spectral features were obtained in both analysis modes spatial resolution was higher with ATR and small differences were noted, potentially as a result of differences in s le preparation. S-FTIR is a useful microscopy tool that can detect structural alterations that may affect product properties and may assist reverse engineering of a range of dairy products.
The kinetics of the 2π+2π photodimerisation reactions of single-crystalline derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid: A study by infrared microspectroscopy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Correction: Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1AN90049H
Abstract: Correction for ‘Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells’ by Jitraporn Vongsvivut et al. , Analyst , 2019, 144 , 3226–3238, DOI: 10.1039/C8AN01543K.
Optical anisotropy of glancing angle deposited thin films on nano-patterned substrates
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1364/OME.451669
Abstract: This study has demonstrated that 3D columnar micro-films/coatings can be deposited over pre-patterned surfaces with sub-micrometer periodic patterns. Four-angle polarisation analysis of thin (0.4 − 1~ μ m) Si and SiO 2 films, evaporated via glancing angle deposition (GLAD) at 70° to the normal, was carried out in reflection mode using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy at the Australian Synchrotron. The angular dependence of absorbance followed A ( θ ) ∝ cos 2 θ , confirmed for Si substrates patterned by electron beam lithography and plasma etching, which were used to make checkerboard patterns of Λ = 0.4~ μ m period on Si. Retardance control by birefringence of a patterned SiO 2 substrate coated by columnar SiO 2 is promising for UV-visible applications due to the use of the same material to endow polarisation control.
Variable H2O content in magmas from the Tongariro Volcanic Centre and its relation to crustal storage and magma ascent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Infrared Based Saliva Screening Test for COVID‐19
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2021
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical in controlling the spread of COVID‐19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose‐built transflection accessory for rapid point‐of‐care detection of COVID‐19 markers in saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared (IR) and AFM‐IR. A data set comprising 171 transflection infrared spectra from 29 subjects testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐qPCR and 28 testing negative, was modeled using Monte Carlo Double Cross Validation with 50 randomized test and model sets. The testing sensitivity was 93 % (27/29) with a specificity of 82 % (23/28) that included positive s les on the limit of detection for RT‐qPCR. Herein, we demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept high throughput infrared COVID‐19 test that is rapid, inexpensive, portable and utilizes s le self‐collection thus minimizing the risk to healthcare workers and ideally suited to mass screening.
Confocal microscopy and spectroscopy of InGaN epilayers on sapphire
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1999
Orientational Mapping Augmented Sub-Wavelength Hyper-Spectral Imaging of Silk
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-07502-3
Abstract: Molecular alignment underpins optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of materials, however, its direct measurement from volumes with micrometer dimensions is not accessible, especially, for structurally complex bio-materials. How the molecular alignment is linked to extraordinary properties of silk and its amorphous-crystalline composition has to be accessed by a direct measurement from a single silk fiber. Here, we show orientation mapping of the internal silk fiber structure via polarisation-dependent IR absorbance at high spatial resolution of 4.2 μ m and 1.9 μ m in a hyper-spectral IR imaging by attenuated total reflection using synchrotron radiation in the spectral fingerprint region around 6 μ m wavelength. Free-standing longitudinal micro-slices of silk fibers, thinner than the fiber cross section, were prepared by microtome for the four polarization method to directly measure the orientational sensitivity of absorbance in the molecular fingerprint spectral window of the amide bands of β -sheet polypeptides of silk. Microtomed lateral slices of silk fibers, which may avoid possible artefacts that affect spectroscopic measurements with fibers of an elliptical cross sections were used in the study. Amorphisation of silk by ultra-short laser single-pulse exposure is demonstrated.
Anabolic action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not compromise bone matrix mineral composition or maturation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BONE.2016.09.022
Abstract: Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is used to stimulate bone formation in patients with osteoporosis. A reduction in the degree of matrix mineralisation has been reported during treatment, which may reflect either production of undermineralised matrix or a greater proportion of new matrix within the bone s les assessed. To explore these alternatives, high resolution synchrotron-based Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (sFTIRM) coupled with calcein labelling was used in a region of non-remodelling cortical bone to determine bone composition during anabolic PTH treatment compared with region-matched s les from controls. 8week old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or 50μg/kg PTH, 5 times/week for 4weeks (n=7-9/group). Histomorphometry confirmed greater trabecular and periosteal bone formation and 3-point bending tests confirmed greater femoral strength in PTH-treated mice. Dual calcein labels were used to match bone regions by time-since-mineralisation (bone age) and composition was measured by sFTIRM in six 15μm
Revealing the spatial distribution of chemical species within latent fingermarks using vibrational spectroscopy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7AN01615H
Abstract: Latent fingermark chemistry revealed by Raman microscopy and Synchrotron ATR-FTIR.
Estimating and Correcting Mie Scattering in Synchrotron-Based Microscopic Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra by Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1366/000370208783759669
Abstract: We present an approach for estimating and correcting Mie scattering occurring in infrared spectra of single cells, at diffraction limited probe size, as in synchrotron based microscopy. The Mie scattering is modeled by extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) and subtracted from the vibrational absorption. Because the Mie scattering depends non-linearly on α, the product of the radius and the refractive index of the medium/sphere causing it, a new method was developed for estimating the Mie scattering by EMSC for unknown radius and refractive index of the Mie scatterer. The theoretically expected Mie contributions for a range of different α values were computed according to the formulae developed by Van de Hulst (1957). The many simulated spectra were then summarized by a six-dimensional subspace model by principal component analysis (PCA). This subspace model was used in EMSC to estimate and correct for Mie scattering, as well as other additive and multiplicative interference effects. The approach was applied to a set of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectra measured for in idual lung cancer cells in order to remove unwanted interferences and to estimate ranges of important α values for each spectrum. The results indicate that several cell components may contribute to the Mie scattering.
SR-FTIR Coupled with Principal Component Analysis Shows Evidence for the Cellular Bystander Effect
Publisher: Radiation Research Society
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1667/RR13798.1
Diffusion of Phycobilisomes on the Thylakoid Membranes of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus 7942
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
Bone loss markers in the earliest Pacific Islanders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-83264-3
Abstract: Kingdom of Tonga in Polynesia is one of the most obese nations where metabolic conditions, sedentary lifestyles, and poor quality diet are widespread. These factors can lead to poor musculoskeletal health. However, whether metabolic abnormalities such as osteoporosis occurred in archaeological populations of Tonga is unknown. We employed a microscopic investigation of femur s les to establish whether bone loss afflicted humans in this Pacific region approximately 3000 years ago. Histology, laser confocal microscopy, and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy were used to measure bone vascular canal densities, bone porosity, and carbonate and phosphate content of bone composition in eight s les extracted from adult Talasiu males and females dated to 2650 BP. Compared to males, s les from females had fewer vascular canals, lower carbonate and phosphate content, and higher bone porosity. Although both sexes showed evidence of trabecularised cortical bone, it was more widespread in females (35.5%) than males (15.8%). Our data suggest experiences of advanced bone resorption, possibly as a result of osteoporosis. This provides first evidence for microscopic bone loss in a s le of archaeological humans from a Pacific population widely afflicted by metabolic conditions today.
Femtosecond laser fabrication of diffractive optics for spatial and spectral imaging at synchrotron infrared beamlines
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-03-2021
DOI: 10.1117/12.2577511
Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopic analysis of silica nanoparticle-embedded polyester coated steel surfaces subjected to prolonged UV and humidity exposure
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-12-2017
PC 12 Pheochromocytoma Cell Response to Super High Frequency Terahertz Radiation from Synchrotron Source
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-01-2019
Abstract: High frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been widely used in many wireless communication devices, yet within the terahertz (THz) range, their effects on biological systems are poorly understood. In this study, electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.3–19.5 × 1012 Hz, generated using a synchrotron light source, was used to investigate the response of PC 12 neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells to THz irradiation. The PC 12 cells remained viable and physiologically healthy, as confirmed by a panel of biological assays however, exposure to THz radiation for 10 min at 25.2 ± 0.4 °C was sufficient to induce a temporary increase in their cell membrane permeability. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed cell membrane permeabilization via visualisation of the translocation of silica nanospheres (d = 23.5 ± 0.2 nm) and their clusters (d = 63 nm) into the PC 12 cells. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed the formation of atypically large (up to 1 µm) blebs on the surface of PC 12 cells when exposed to THz radiation. Long-term analysis showed no substantial differences in metabolic activity between the PC 12 cells exposed to THz radiation and untreated cells however, a higher population of the THz-treated PC 12 cells responded to the nerve growth factor (NGF) by extending longer neurites (up to 0–20 µm) compared to the untreated PC12 cells (up to 20 µm). These findings present implications for the development of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and gene therapy strategies since THz irradiation can promote nanoparticle uptake by cells without causing apoptosis, necrosis or physiological damage, as well as provide a deeper fundamental insight into the biological effects of environmental exposure of cells to electromagnetic radiation of super high frequencies.
Wideband Absorbance Outcomes in Newborns: A Comparison with High-Frequency Tympanometry, Automated Brainstem Response, and Transient Evoked and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2015
Micrometer-Scale 2D Mapping of the Composition and Homogeneity of Polymer Inclusion Membranes
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CH10458
Abstract: A new method for determining variations in composition at the micrometer level of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) using synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectrometry is described and used to investigate the relationship between PIM composition and the reproducibility of formation of optically clear, ‘homogeneous’ polymer membranes. Membranes based on Aliquat 336 and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and PVC, and Aliquat 336 and cellulose triacetate give highly reproducible PIMs with excellent optical properties which are chemically homogeneous on the micrometer scale. The close relationship between the spatial distribution of the extractant in the PIM and the extracted species was demonstrated by proton-induced X-ray emission microspectrometry (µ-PIXE) examination of chemically homogeneous membranes loaded with uranium. There is a high correlation between the homogeneity of the distributions of extracted uranium, polymer, and extractant, both on the surface of the PIM and over its cross-section. This approach provides a quantitative basis for the evaluation and optimization of PIMs and similar composite materials.
Wing wettability of Odonata species as a function of quantity of epicuticular waxes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Investigation of molecular mechanisms of experimental compounds in murine models of chronic allergic airways disease using synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-68671-2
Abstract: The ovalbumin-induced (OVA) chronic allergic airways murine model is a well-established model for investigating pre-clinical therapies for chronic allergic airways diseases, such as asthma. Here, we examined the effects of several experimental compounds with potential anti-asthmatic effects including resveratrol (RV), relaxin (RLN), l -sulforaphane (LSF), valproic acid (VPA), and trichostatin A (TSA) using both a prevention and reversal model of chronic allergic airways disease. We undertook a novel analytical approach using focal plane array (FPA) and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopic techniques to provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of these experimental compounds. Apart from the typical biological effects, S-FTIR microspectroscopy was able to detect changes in nucleic acids and protein acetylation. Further, we validated the reduction in collagen deposition induced by each experimental compound evaluated. Although this has previously been observed with conventional histological methods, the S-FTIR technique has the advantage of allowing identification of the type of collagen present. More generally, our findings highlight the potential utility of S-FTIR and FPA-FTIR imaging techniques in enabling a better mechanistic understanding of novel asthma therapeutics.
Wishful physics – some common misconceptions about InGaN
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2003
Corrigendum to: Dielectric cross-shaped-resonator-based metasurface for vortex beam generation at mid-IR and THz wavelengths
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 31-10-2019
Diagnosing middle ear pathology in 6-to 9-month-old infants using wideband absorbance: A risk prediction model
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 19-09-2018
DOI: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-18-0004
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for detecting middle ear pathology in 6- to 9-month-old infants using wideband absorbance measures. Two hundred forty-nine infants aged 23–39 weeks ( Mdn = 28 weeks) participated in the study. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions and high-frequency tympanometry were tested in both ears of each infant to assess middle ear function. Wideband absorbance was measured at ambient pressure in each participant from 226 to 8000 Hz. Absorbance results from 1 ear of each infant were used to predict middle ear dysfunction, using logistic regression. To develop a model likely to generalize to new infants, the number of variables was reduced using principal component analysis, and a penalty was applied when fitting the model. The model was validated using the opposite ears and with bootstrap res ling. Model performance was evaluated through measures of discrimination and calibration. Discrimination was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration, with calibration curves, which plotted actual against predicted probabilities. AUC of the fitted model was 0.887. The model validated adequately when applied to the opposite ears (AUC = 0.852) and with bootstrap res ling (AUC = 0.874). Calibration was satisfactory, with high agreement between predictions and observed results. The risk prediction model had accurate discrimination and satisfactory calibration. Validation results indicate that it may generalize well to new infants. The model could potentially be used in diagnostic and screening settings. In the context of screening, probabilities provide an intuitive and flexible mechanism for setting the referral threshold that is sensitive to the costs associated with true and false-positive outcomes. In a diagnostic setting, predictions could be used to supplement visual inspection of absorbance for in idualized diagnoses. Further research assessing the performance and impact of the model in these contexts is warranted.
Stability and cytotoxicity of crystallin amyloid nanofibrils
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4NR04624B
Abstract: An investigation of the biophysical stability and safety properties of crystallin amyloid nanofibrils – a potential novel bionanomaterial.
Silicon nitride as a versatile growth substrate for microspectroscopic imaging and mapping of individual cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C001499K
Abstract: Herein is described a general s ling protocol that includes culture, differentiation and fixing of cells in their preferred morphology on the one s le substrate (Si(3)N(4)) to enable subsequent erse modern microspectroscopic analyses. The protocol enables unprecedented correlated and complementary information on the intracellular biochemistry of metabolic processes, diseases and their treatment, which offers the opportunity to revolutionize our understanding of cell and tissue biology at a molecular level. The culture of adherent cells onto inexpensive Si(3)N(4) membranes allows microspectroscopic analyses across the electromagnetic spectrum, from hard X-ray fluorescence (both XRF and XANES), through to visible and fluorescence light microscopies, and infrared microspectroscopy without substrate interference. Adherent mammalian cell lines (3T3-L1 adipocytes and H9c2 cardiac myocytes) illustrate the in vitro application of these protocols. The cells adhered strongly to Si(3)N(4) membranes and visually displayed normal proliferative and phenotypic growth more importantly, rapid alcohol fixation of cells did not affect their structural integrity for subsequent analyses.
Infrared spectroscopy and microscopy at the Daresbury synchrotron light source
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1998
DOI: 10.1007/BF03185540
A high sensitivity time-resolved microfluorimeter for real-time cell biology
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-1996
DOI: 10.1063/1.1147138
Abstract: We describe an instrument based on the novel combination of synchrotron radiation, a high sensitivity time-resolved microfluorimeter, and a multiframe single photon counting data acquisition system. This instrument has been designed specifically to measure kinetic events in live cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and is capable of rapidly collecting multiple consecutive decay profiles from a small number of fluorophores. The low irradiance on the s les (& mW/cm2) greatly reduces probe photobleaching and specimen photodamage during prolonged exposures. The Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source provides fully wavelength tunable light pulses that have a full width half-maximum of 160 ps at a repetition rate of 3.125 MHz, with the high temporal stability required for continuous measurements over periods of hours. A very low limit of detection (& molecules/mW/cm2) is accomplished by combining a high-gain single photon counting detection system with a low fluorescence background optical layout. The latter is achieved by the inclusion of collimating optics, a reflecting objective, and a specially designed beam stop situated in the epi-fluorescence light-path. A typical irradiance of 8 mW/cm2 on a s le of ∼105 fluorescein molecules gives, in under 20 s, a fluorescence decay profile with a peak height of 104 counts, over 400 channels, and a signal to background ratio better than 40. The data acquisition system has been developed to have a real-time time-resolved fluorescence collection capability (denoted as TR2) so that fluorescence lifetime data can be continually collected throughout a changing process. To illustrate the potential of this instrument, we present the results of a TR2 experiment in which lifetime measurements of fluorescence resonance energy transfer are used to monitor the degree of clustering of epidermal growth factor receptors during endocytosis, over a period of about 1 h, with a 5 s resolution.
Understanding the distribution of natural wax in starch–wax films using synchrotron-based FTIR (S-FTIR)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2013.11.004
Abstract: High amylose starch-glycerol (HAG) films were produced incorporating beeswax, candelilla wax and carnauba wax in the presence and absence of Tween-80 in order to determine the distribution of wax in the films during the film formation process. The distribution of these waxes within the film was studied using Synchrotron based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (S-FTIR) which provided 2D mapping along the thickness of the film. The incorporation of 5% and 10% wax in HAG films produced randomly distributed wax or wax-rich domains, respectively, within these films. Consequently, the addition of these waxes to HAG increased the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of these films. The addition of Tween-80 caused variations in wax-rich bands within the films. The HAG+carnauba wax+Tween-80 films exhibited domed wax-rich domains displayed with high integrated CH2 absorption value at the interior of the films, rougher surface and higher contact angle values than the other films. The S-FTIR 2D images indicated that the distribution of wax in starch-wax films correlated with the roughness and hydrophobicity of the starch-wax films.
Neutron and X-ray characterisation of the metallurgical properties of a 7th century BC Corinthian-type bronze helmet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
Discriminating the Intraerythrocytic Lifecycle Stages of the Malaria Parasite Using Synchrotron FT-IR Microspectroscopy and an Artificial Neural Network
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-03-2009
DOI: 10.1021/AC802291A
Abstract: Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fixed single erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum at different stages of the intraerythrocytic cycle are presented for the first time. Bands assigned to the hemozoin moiety at 1712, 1664, and 1209 cm(-1) are observed in FT-IR difference spectra between uninfected erythrocytes and infected trophozoites. These bands are also found to be important contributors in separating the trophozoite spectra from the uninfected cell spectra in principal components analysis. All stages of the intraerythrocytic lifecycle of the malarial parasite, including the ring and schizont stage, can be differentiated by visual inspection of the C-H stretching region (3100-2800 cm(-1)) and by using principal components analysis. Bands at 2922, 2852, and 1738 cm(-1) assigned to the nu(asym)(CH(2) acyl chain lipids), nu(sym)(CH(2) acyl chain lipids), and the ester carbonyl band, respectively, increase as the parasite matures from its early ring stage to the trophozoite and finally to the schizont stage. Training of an artificial neural network showed that excellent automated spectroscopic discrimination between P. falciparum-infected cells and the control cells is possible. FT-IR difference spectra indicate a change in the production of unsaturated fatty acids as the parasite matures. The ring stage spectrum shows bands associated with cis unsaturated fatty acids. The schizont stage spectrum displays no evidence of cis bands and suggests an increase in saturated fatty acids. These results demonstrate that different phases of the P. falciparum intraerthyrocytic life cycle are characterized by different lipid compositions giving rise to distinct spectral profiles in the C-H stretching region. This insight paves the way for an automated infrared-based technology capable of diagnosing malaria at all intraerythrocytic stages of the parasite's life cycle.
Chemical changes demonstrated in cartilage by synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy in an antibody-induced murine model of rheumatoid arthritis
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1117/1.3585680
Abstract: Collagen antibody-induced arthritis develops in mice following passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to type II collagen (CII) and is attributed to effects of proinflammatory immune complexes, but transferred mAbs may react directly and damagingly with CII. To determine whether such mAbs cause cartilage damage in vivo in the absence of inflammation, mice lacking complement factor 5 that do not develop joint inflammation were injected intravenously with two arthritogenic mAbs to CII, M2139 and CIIC1. Paws were collected at day 3, decalcified, paraffin embedded, and 5-μm sections were examined using standard histology and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM). None of the mice injected with mAb showed visual or histological evidence of inflammation but there were histological changes in the articular cartilage including loss of proteoglycan and altered chondrocyte morphology. Findings using FTIRM at high lateral resolution revealed loss of collagen and the appearance of a new peak at 1635 cm(-1) at the surface of the cartilage interpreted as cellular activation. Thus, we demonstrate the utility of synchrotron FTIRM for examining chemical changes in diseased cartilage at the microscopic level and establish that arthritogenic mAbs to CII do cause cartilage damage in vivo in the absence of inflammation.
Synchrotron FTIR microscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers and polyelectrolyte multilayers at the solid-solid interface
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-01-2012
DOI: 10.1021/LA2045543
A Novel Soft Contact Piezo-Controlled Liquid Cell for Probing Polymer Films under Confinement using Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-12-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-34673-4
Abstract: Soft polymer films, such as polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), are useful coatings in materials science. The properties of PEMs often rely on the degree of hydration, and therefore the study of these films in a hydrated state is critical to allow links to be drawn between their characteristics and performance in a particular application. In this work, we detail the development of a novel soft contact cell for studying hydrated PEMs (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) oly(allylamine hydrochloride)) using FTIR microspectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy can interrogate the nature of the polymer film and the hydration water contained therein. In addition to reporting spectra obtained for hydrated films confined at the solid-solid interface, we also report traditional ATR FTIR spectra of the multilayer. The spectra (microspectroscopy and ATR FTIR) reveal that the PEM film build-up proceeds as expected based on the layer-by-layer assembly methodology, with increasing signals from the polymer FTIR peaks with increasing bilayer number. In addition, the spectra obtained using the soft contact cell indicate that the PEM film hydration water has an environment/degree of hydrogen bonding that is affected by the chemistry of the multilayer polymers, based on differences in the spectra obtained for the hydration water within the film compared to that of bulk electrolyte.
Concluding Remarks
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B313379F
Diagnosing middle ear dysfunction in 10- to 16-month-old infants using wideband absorbance: An ordinal prediction model
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 15-08-2019
DOI: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-H-19-0055
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop an ordinal prediction model for diagnosing middle ear dysfunction in 10- to 16-month-old infants using wideband absorbance. Wideband absorbance, tympanometry, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured in 358 ears of 186 infants aged 10–16 months ( M age = 12 months). An ordinal reference standard (normal, mild, and severe middle ear dysfunction) was created from the tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission results. Absorbance from 1000 to 5657 Hz was used to model the probability of middle ear dysfunction with ordinal logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using measures of discrimination ( c -index) and calibration (calibration curves). Performance measures were adjusted for overfitting (bias) using bootstrap res ling. Probabilistic and simplified methods for interpreting the model are presented. The probabilistic method displays the probability of ≥ mild and ≥ severe middle ear dysfunction, and the simplified method presents the condition with the highest probability as the most likely diagnosis (normal, mild, or severe middle ear dysfunction). The c -index of the fitted model was 0.919 (0.914 after correction for bias), and calibration was satisfactory for both the mild and severe middle ear conditions. The model performed well for the probabilistic method of interpretation, and the simplified (most likely diagnosis) method was accurate for normal and severe cases but diagnosed some cases with mild middle ear dysfunction as normal. The model may be clinically useful, and either the probabilistic or simplified paradigm of interpretation could be applied, depending on the context. In situations where the main goal is to identify severe middle ear dysfunction and ease of interpretation is highly valued, the simplified interpretation may be preferable (e.g., in a screening clinic that may not be concerned about missing some mild cases). In a diagnostic clinical environment, however, it may be beneficial to use the probabilistic method of interpretation.
Probing the nature of soil organic matter
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-09-2021
The role of melt-fracture degassing in defusing explosive rhyolite eruptions at volcán Chaitén
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Metamorphic records of multiple seismic cycles during subduction
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-03-2018
Abstract: Garnets record subduction earthquakes.
“Wax On, Wax Off”: In Vivo Imaging of Plant Physiology and Disease with Fourier Transform Infrared Reflectance Microspectroscopy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-08-2021
Abstract: Analysis of the epicuticular wax layer on the surface of plant leaves can provide a unique window into plant physiology and responses to environmental stimuli. Well‐established analytical methodologies can quantify epicuticular wax composition, yet few methods are capable of imaging wax distribution in situ or in vivo. Here, the first report of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopic imaging as a non‐destructive, in situ, method to investigate variation in epicuticular wax distribution at 25 µm spatial resolution is presented. The authors demonstrate in vivo imaging of alterations in epicuticular waxes during leaf development and in situ imaging during plant disease or exposure to environmental stressors. It is envisaged that this new analytical capability will enable in vivo studies of plants to provide insights into how the physiology of plants and crops respond to environmental stresses such as disease, soil contamination, drought, soil acidity, and climate change.
A Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging Method to Characterize the Metal and Macromolecular Content of Proteinaceous Aggregates (Amyloid Plaques)
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-07-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.BIOCHEM.7B00262
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major international health and economic concern. A key pathological feature of AD is so-called "amyloid-β-plaques", or "Aβ-plaques", which are deposits of aggregated protein, enriched with the Aβ fragment of amyloid precursor protein. Despite their name, the deposits are not pure Aβ and have a heterogeneous, chemically complex composition that can include multiple proteins, lipids, and metal ions (Fe, Cu, or Zn). Despite extensive research, it is still uncertain whether Aβ-plaques are a cause or a consequence of AD pathology. Further characterization of the elemental and biochemical composition within and surrounding Aβ-plaques, and knowledge of how composition varies with disease state or progression, may provide important insight into the relationship between Aβ-plaques and AD pathology. With this aim in mind, herein we demonstrate a multimodal spectroscopic imaging workflow to better characterize the complex composition of Aβ-plaques. Our approach incorporates several spectroscopic imaging techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIR), Raman microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). While FTIR, Raman, and XFM have been used previously, mostly in isolation, to study Aβ-plaques, application of all three techniques, in combination with histology and fluorescence microscopy, has not been reported previously. We demonstrate that a multimodal workflow, incorporating all three methods on adjacent or serial tissue sections, can reveal substantial complementary information about the biochemical and elemental composition of Aβ-plaques. Information revealed by the method includes the relative content and distribution of aggregated protein, total lipid, lipid esters, cholesterol, and metals (Fe, Cu, or Zn).
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of Pediastrum duplex: characterization of a micro-population isolated from a eutrophic lake
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2002
Effect of spatial distribution of wax and PEG-isocyanate on the morphology and hydrophobicity of starch films
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2014.04.072
Abstract: This study proposes a novel method for improving surface hydrophobicity of glycerol plasticized high amylose (HAG) films. We used polyethylene glycol isocyanate (PEG-iso) crosslinker to link HAG and three natural waxes (beeswax, candelilla wax and carnauba wax) to produce HAG+wax+PEG-iso films. The spatial distributions of wax and PEG-iso across the thickness of these films were determined using Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophobicity and surface morphology of the films were determined using contact angle (CA) and scanning electron microscopic measurements, respectively. The distribution patterns of wax and the PEG-iso across the thickness of the film, and the nature of crystalline patterns formed on the surface of these films were found to be the key factors affecting surface hydrophobicity. The highest hydrophobicity (CA >90°) was created when the PEG-iso was primarily distributed in the interior of the films and a hierarchical circular pinnacle structure of solidified wax was formed on the surface.
Confocal imaging using synchrotron radiation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Pillars of Life: Is There a Relationship between Lifestyle Factors and the Surface Characteristics of Dragonfly Wings?
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-06-2018
Author Correction: Increased autophagy in EphrinB2-deficient osteocytes is associated with elevated secondary mineralization and brittle bone
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-13040-5
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Paracetamol micro-structure analysis by optical mapping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Differing Effects of Parathyroid Hormone, Alendronate, and Odanacatib on Bone Formation and on the Mineralization Process in Intracortical and Endocortical Bone of Ovariectomized Rabbits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00223-018-0455-8
Abstract: Bone is formed by deposition of a collagen-containing matrix (osteoid) that hardens over time as mineral crystals accrue and are modified this continues until bone remodeling renews that site. Pharmacological agents for osteoporosis differ in their effects on bone remodeling, and we hypothesized that they may differently modify bone mineral accrual. We, therefore, assessed newly formed bone in mature ovariectomized rabbits treated with the anti-resorptive bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN-100µ g/kg/2×/week), the anabolic parathyroid hormone (PTH (1-34)-15µ g/kg/5×/week), or the experimental anti-resorptive odanacatib (ODN 7.5 µM/day), which suppresses bone resorption without suppressing bone formation. Treatments were administered for 10 months commencing 6 months after ovariectomy (OVX). Strength testing, histomorphometry, and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy were used to measure bone strength, bone formation, and mineral accrual, respectively, in newly formed endocortical and intracortical bone. In Sham and OVX endocortical and intracortical bone, three modifications occurred as the bone matrix aged: mineral accrual (increase in mineral:matrix ratio), carbonate substitution (increase in carbonate:mineral ratio), and collagen molecular compaction (decrease in amide I:II ratio). ALN suppressed bone formation but mineral accrued normally at those sites where bone formation occurred. PTH stimulated bone formation on endocortical, periosteal, and intracortical bone surfaces, but mineral accrual and carbonate substitution were suppressed, particularly in intracortical bone. ODN treatment did not suppress bone formation, but newly deposited endocortical bone matured more slowly with ODN, and ODN-treated intracortical bone had less carbonate substitution than controls. In conclusion, these agents differ in their effects on the bone matrix. While ALN suppresses bone formation, it does not modify bone mineral accrual in endocortical or intracortical bone. While ODN does not suppress bone formation, it slows matrix maturation. PTH stimulates modelling-based bone formation not only on endocortical and trabecular surfaces, but may also do so in intracortical bone at this site, new bone deposited contains less mineral than normal.
Mapping sub-cellular protein aggregates and lipid inclusions using synchrotron ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1AN00136A
Abstract: SR-ATR-FTIR has been used to improve the diffraction limited spatial resolution of infrared micro-spectroscopy, enabling this study to reveal the sub-cellular location of protein aggregates and lipophilic inclusions in brain cells, and bacteria.
Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk
Publisher: Beilstein Institut
Date: 23-04-2019
DOI: 10.3762/BJNANO.10.93
Abstract: The nanoscale composition of silk defining its unique properties via a hierarchial structural anisotropy needs to be analysed at the highest spatial resolution of tens of nanometers corresponding to the size of fibrils made of β-sheets, which are the crystalline building blocks of silk. Nanoscale optical and structural properties of silk have been measured from 100 nm thick longitudinal slices of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution, the highest so far. Optical sub-wavelength resolution in hyperspectral mapping of absorbance and molecular orientation were carried out for comparison at IR wavelengths of 2–10 μm using synchrotron radiation. A reliable distinction of transmission changes by only 1–2% as the anisotropy of amide bands was obtained from nanometer-thin slices of silk.
Diagnosing conductive dysfunction in infants using wideband acoustic immittance: Validation and development of predictive models
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 20-09-2019
DOI: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-H-19-0084
Abstract: The aims of this study were (a) to validate the wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) model developed by Myers et al. (2018a) in a new s le of neonates and (b) to develop a prediction model for diagnosing middle ear dysfunction in infants aged 6–18 months using wideband absorbance, controlling for the effect of age. Tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and WAI were measured in 124 neonates and longitudinally in 357 infants at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Results of tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were used to assess middle ear function of each infant. For the first study, results from the neonates were applied to the diagnostic WAI model developed by Myers et al. (2018a) . For the second study, a prediction model was developed using results from the 6- to 18-month-old infants. Results from 1 ear of infants in each age group (6, 12, and 18 months) were used to develop the model. The amount of bias (overfitting) was estimated with bootstrap res ling and by applying the model to the opposite ears (the test s le). Performance was assessed using measures of discrimination ( c -index) and calibration (calibration curves). For the validation study, the Myers et al. (2018a) model was well calibrated and had a c -index of 0.837 when applied to a new s le of neonates. Although this was lower than the apparent performance c -index of 0.876 reported by Myers et al., it was close to the bias-corrected estimate of 0.845. The model developed for 6- to 18-month-old infants had satisfactory calibration and apparent, bias-corrected, and test s le c -index of 0.884, 0.867, and 0.887, respectively. The validated and developed models may be clinically useful, and further research validating, updating, and assessing the clinical impact of the models is warranted.
Anisotropic 3D columnar micro-film coating for applications in infrared and visible spectral ranges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Revealing the Elemental Distribution Within Latent Fingermarks Using Synchrotron Sourced X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-04-2019
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.7987247.V1
Abstract: Fingermarks are an important form of crime-scene trace evidence however, their usefulness may be h ered by a variation in response or a lack of robustness in detection methods. Understanding the chemical composition and distribution within fingermarks may help explain variation in latent fingermark detection with existing methods and identify new strategies to increase detection capabilities. The majority of research in the literature describes investigation of organic components of fingermark residue, leaving the elemental distribution less well understood. The relative scarcity of information regarding the elemental distribution within fingermarks is in part due to previous unavailability of direct, micron resolution elemental mapping techniques. This capability is now provided at third generation synchrotron light sources, where X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) provides micron or sub-micron spatial resolution and direct detection with sub-μM detection limits. XFM has been applied in this study to reveal the distribution of inorganic components within fingermark residue, including endogenous trace metals (Fe, Cu, Zn), diffusible ions (Cl-, K+, Ca2+), and exogeneous metals (Ni, Ti, Bi). This study incorporated a multi-modal approach using XFM and Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) analyses to demonstrate co-localisation of endogenous metals within the hydrophilic organic components of fingermark residue. Additional experiments were then undertaken to investigate how sources of exogenous metals (e.g. coins and cosmetics) may be transferred to, and distributed within latent fingermarks. Lastly, this study reports a preliminary assessment of how environmental factors such as exposure to aqueous environments may effect elemental distribution within fingermarks. Taken together, the results of this study advance our current understanding of fingermark composition and its spatial distribution of chemical components, and may help explain detection variation observed during detection of fingermarks using standard forensic protocols.
Hyperspectral mapping of anisotropy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9NH00340A
Abstract: Hyperspectral imaging is now augmented by separation of the birefringence, dichroism and orientation function at the same wavelength and pixel by combining Malus and Beer–Lambert laws.
The combined effects of diet, environment and genetics on pigmentation in the Giant Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
The emergence of biospectroscopy in stem cell research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Interaction of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles with the Surface Nanostructures on Dragonfly Wings
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-01-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.8B03470
Abstract: The waxy epicuticle of dragonfly wings contains a unique nanostructured pattern that exhibits bactericidal properties. In light of emerging concerns of antibiotic resistance, these mechano-bactericidal surfaces represent a particularly novel solution by which bacterial colonization and the formation of biofilms on biomedical devices can be prevented. Pathogenic bacterial biofilms on medical implant surfaces cause a significant number of human deaths every year. The proposed mechanism of bactericidal activity is through mechanical cell rupture however, this is not yet well understood and has not been well characterized. In this study, we used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a simplified cell membrane model to investigate the nature of their interaction with the surface of the wings of two dragonfly species, Austrothemis nigrescens and Trithemis annulata, sourced from Victoria, Australia, and the Baix Ebre and Terra Alta regions of Catalonia, Spain. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to visualize the interactions between the GUVs and the wing surfaces. When exposed to both natural and gold-coated wing surfaces, the GUVs were adsorbed on the surface, exhibiting significant deformation, in the process of membrane rupture. Differences between the tensile rupture limit of GUVs composed of 1,2-dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and the isotropic tension generated from the internal osmotic pressure were used to indirectly determine the membrane tensions, generated by the nanostructures present on the wing surfaces. These were estimated as being in excess of 6.8 mN m
Study of melanin localization in the mature male Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis damselfly wings
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 25-04-2018
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577518004460
Abstract: Damselflies Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis exhibiting black wings are found in the western Mediterranean, Algeria, France, Italy, Spain and Monaco. Wing pigmentation is caused by the presence of melanin, which is involved in physiological processes including defence reactions, wound healing and sclerotization of the insect. Despite the important physiological roles of melanin, the presence and colour variation among males and females of the C. haemorrhoidalis species and the localization of the pigment within the wing membrane remain poorly understood. In this study, infrared (IR) microspectroscopy, coupled with the highly collimated synchrotron IR beam, was employed in order to identify the distribution of the pigments in the wings at a high spatial resolution. It was found that the melanin is localized in the procuticle of the C. haemorrhoidalis damselfly wings, distributed homogeneously within this layer, and not associated with the lipids of the epicuticle.
Early detection of the chemical changes occurring during the induction and prevention of autoimmune-mediated demyelination detected by FT-IR imaging
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2009.09.053
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite progress in understanding immunogenetic aspects of this disease, the mechanisms involved in lesion formation are unknown. To gain new insights into the neuropathology of MS, we used an innovative integration of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy, bioinformatics, and a synchrotron light source to analyze macromolecular changes in the CNS during the course and prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. We report that subtle chemical and structural changes not observed by conventional histology were detected before the onset of clinical signs of EAE. Moreover, trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) could discriminate, with excellent sensitivity and specificity, pathology from surrounding tissues and the early stage of the disease progression. Notably, we show that this novel measurement platform can detect characteristic differences in biochemical composition of lesion pathology in animals partially protected against EAE by vaccination with Nogo-A, an inhibitor of neural outgrowth, demonstrating the potential for automated screening and evaluation of new therapeutic agents.
The susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9721 cells to the bactericidal action of nanostructured Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis damselfly wing surfaces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-017-8205-9
Abstract: Nanostructured insect wing surfaces have been reported to possess the ability to resist bacterial colonization through the mechanical rupture of bacterial cells coming into contact with the surface. In this work, the susceptibility of physiologically young, mature and old Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9721 bacterial cells, to the action of the bactericidal nano-pattern of damselfly Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis wing surfaces, was investigated. The results were obtained using several surface characterization techniques including optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron-sourced Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, water contact angle measurements and antibacterial assays. The data indicated that the attachment propensity of physiologically young S. aureus CIP 65.8
Exploiting spatio-spectral aberrations for rapid synchrotron infrared imaging
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 09-08-2021
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521007104
Abstract: The Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is equipped with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, which is coupled with an infrared (IR) microscope and a choice of two detectors: a single-point narrow-band mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector and a 64 × 64 multi-pixel focal plane array (FPA) imaging detector. A scanning-based point-by-point mapping method is commonly used with a tightly focused synchrotron IR beam at the s le plane, using an MCT detector and a matching 36× IR reflecting objective and condenser (NA = 0.5), which is time consuming. In this study, the beam size at the s le plane was increased using a 15× objective and the spatio-spectral aberrations were investigated. A correlation-based semi-synthetic computational optical approach was applied to assess the possibilities of exploiting the aberrations to perform rapid imaging rather than a mapping approach.
Lipid diffusion in the thylakoid membranes of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.: effect of fatty acid desaturation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01031-7
Abstract: Thylakoid membranes are crucial to photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and plants. In cyanobacteria, genetic modification of membrane lipid composition strongly influences cold tolerance and susceptibility to photoinhibition. We have used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to measure the diffusion of a lipid-soluble fluorescent marker in cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. We have compared the wild-type strain with a transformant with an increased level of fatty acid unsaturation. The transformant showed a six-fold increase in the diffusion coefficient for the fluorescent marker at growth temperature. This is the first direct measurement of lipid diffusion in a photosynthetic membrane.
Infrared Beamline Data Analysis Workshop on Resonant Mie Scattering Correction
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2012
Insect Analogue to the Lotus Leaf: A Planthopper Wing Membrane Incorporating a Low-Adhesion, Nonwetting, Superhydrophobic, Bactericidal, and Biocompatible Surface
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-07-2017
Abstract: Nature has produced many intriguing and spectacular surfaces at the micro- and nanoscales. These small surface decorations act for a singular or, in most cases, a range of functions. The minute landscape found on the lotus leaf is one such ex le, displaying antiwetting behavior and low adhesion with foreign particulate matter. Indeed the lotus leaf has often been considered the "benchmark" for such properties. One could expect that there are animal counterparts of this self-drying and self-cleaning surface system. In this study, we show that the planthopper insect wing (Desudaba danae) exhibits a remarkable architectural similarity to the lotus leaf surface. Not only does the wing demonstrate a topographical likeness, but some surface properties are also expressed, such as nonwetting behavior and low adhering forces with contaminants. In addition, the insect-wing cuticle exhibits an antibacterial property in which Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis) are killed over many consecutive waves of attacks over 7 days. In contrast, eukaryote cell associations, upon contact with the insect membrane, lead to a formation of integrated cell sheets (e.g., among human stem cells (SHED-MSC) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF)). The multifunctional features of the insect membrane provide a potential natural template for man-made applications in which specific control of liquid, solid, and biological contacts is desired and required. Moreover, the planthopper wing cuticle provides a "new" natural surface with which numerous interfacial properties can be explored for a range of comparative studies with both natural and man-made materials.
Dual role of outer epicuticular lipids in determining the wettability of dragonfly wings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.COLSURFB.2013.01.042
Abstract: Numerous natural surfaces possess superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties that would be extremely beneficial when applied in industry. Dragonfly wings are one ex le of such surfaces, and while their general surface structure is known, their precise chemical composition is not. Here, the epicuticular lipids of dragonfly wing membranes were characterized to investigate their significance in contributing to self-cleaning and superhydrophobic properties. After just 10s of lipid extraction using chloroform, the water contact angles exhibited by the wings decreased below the accepted threshold for superhydrophobicity (150°). Infrared spectra collected at the Australian Synchrotron contained characteristic absorption bands of amide, ester and aliphatic hydrocarbons moieties on the wing surfaces, the latter of which was decreased post-extraction with chloroform. GC-MS data analysis revealed that the epicuticular wax components were dominated by n-alkanes with even-numbered carbons, especially n-hexacosane, and palmitic acid. SEM and AFM data analysis conducted on the untreated and chloroform-extracted wing surfaces demonstrated that surface topography changed after extraction the surface nanostructure was progressively lost with extended extraction times. The data presented here indicate that epicuticular lipids contribute not only to self-cleaning and superhydrophobic properties through their inherent hydrophobic nature, but also by forming the physical structure of the wing surface. This knowledge will be extremely valuable for reconstruction of dragonfly wing structures as a biomimetic template.
The effect of pH on the fat and protein within cream cheese and their influence on textural and rheological properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Tracking biochemical changes induced by iron loading in AML12 cells with synchrotron live cell, time-lapse infrared microscopy
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 19-03-2021
DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200653
Abstract: Hepatocytes are essential for maintaining the homeostasis of iron and lipid metabolism in mammals. Dysregulation of either iron or lipids has been linked with serious health consequences, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is characterised by dysregulated lipid metabolism leading to a lipid storage phenotype. Mild to moderate increases in hepatic iron have been observed in ∼30% of in iduals with NAFLD however, direct observation of the mechanism behind this increase has remained elusive. To address this issue, we sought to determine the metabolic consequences of iron loading on cellular metabolism using live cell, time-lapse Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy utilising a synchrotron radiation source to track biochemical changes. The use of synchrotron FTIR is non-destructive and label-free, and allowed observation of spatially resolved, sub-cellular biochemical changes over a period of 8 h. Using this approach, we have demonstrated that iron loading in AML12 cells induced perturbation of lipid metabolism congruent with steatosis development. Iron-loaded cells had approximately three times higher relative ester carbonyl concentration compared with controls, indicating an accumulation of triglycerides. The methylene/methyl ratio qualitatively suggests the acyl chain length of fatty acids in iron-loaded cells increased over the 8 h period of monitoring compared with a reduction observed in the control cells. Our findings provide direct evidence that mild to moderate iron loading in hepatocytes drives de novo lipid synthesis, consistent with a role for iron in the initial hepatic lipid accumulation that leads to the development of hepatic steatosis.
The application of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy for the study of diseased central nervous system tissue
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2011.11.033
Abstract: In the last two decades the field of infrared spectroscopy has seen enormous advances in both instrumentation and the development of bioinformatic methods for spectral analysis, allowing the examination of a large variety of healthy and diseased s les, including biological fluids, isolated cells, whole tissues, and tissue sections. The non-destructive nature of the technique, together with the ability to directly probe biochemical changes without the addition of stains or contrast agents, enables a range of complementary analyses. This review focuses on the application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to analyse central nervous system tissues, with the aim of understanding the biochemical and structural changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, multiple sclerosis, as well as brain tumours. Modern biospectroscopic methods that combine FTIR microspectroscopy with bioinformatic analysis constitute a powerful new methodology that can discriminate pathology from normal healthy tissue in a rapid, unbiased fashion, with high sensitivity and specificity. Notably, the ability to detect protein secondary structural changes associated with Alzheimer's plaques, neurons in Parkinson's disease, and in some spectra from meningioma, as well as in the animal models of Alzheimer's disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and multiple sclerosis, illustrates the power of this technology. The capacity to offer insight into the biochemical and structural changes underpinning aetio-pathogenesis of diseases in tissues provides both a platform to investigate early pathologies occurring in a variety of experimentally induced and naturally occurring central nervous system diseases, and the potential to evaluate new therapeutic approaches.
Monitoring UVR induced damage in single cells and isolated nuclei using SR-FTIR microspectroscopy and 3D confocal Raman imaging
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4AN00838C
Abstract: Melanocytes exposed to artificial sunlight and analysed with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy show changes in DNA bands and evidence of lipid accumulation.
Oil Distribution in Fried Potatoes Monitored by Infrared Microspectroscopy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2001
Advantages of the Use of SR-FT-IR Microspectroscopy: Applications to Cultural Heritage
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-04-2005
DOI: 10.1021/AC050126K
Abstract: Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FT-IR) microspectroscopy represents an advance over conventional FT-IR spectroscopy because it gives a higher signal/noise ratio at the highest spatial resolution due to the high brightness and collimation of synchrotron radiation. It has been successfully applied to the study of ancient paintings, alteration and corrosion layers which are heterogeneous microlayered materials made by complex mixtures of organic and inorganic compounds. Moreover, the high brightness attribute allows FT-IR spectra to be routinely obtained directly on the surfaces of the objects and opens the possibility for nondestructive testing of museum objects. We present in this paper a selection of applications of SR-FT-IR to the analysis of ancient paintings, alteration and corrosion layers where the technique has proven to be especially useful: first, the separation and identification of pigment microparticles from ancient Roman wall paintings second, the determination of the binding media and the byproducts resulting from the interaction between binders and pigments from medieval altarpieces and third, the study of the surface corrosion layers of a bronze helmet by means of direct analysis of the surface.
Nature of the silicon-animal cell interface
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Instrumentation upgrade for Top-Up operations at the Australian Synchrotron
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-03-2013
Anisotropy of 3D Columnar Coatings in Mid-Infrared Spectral Range
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NANO11123247
Abstract: Polarisation analysis in the mid-infrared fingerprint region was carried out on thin (∼1 μm) Si and SiO2 films evaporated via glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method at 70∘ to the normal. Synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopic measurements were carried out on the Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline at Australian Synchrotron. Specific absorption bands, particularly Si-O-Si stretching vibration, was found to follow the angular dependence of ∼cos2θ, consistent with the absorption anisotropy. This unexpected anisotropy stems from the enhanced absorption in nano-crevices, which have orientation following the cos2θ angular dependence as revealed by Fourier transforming the image of the surface of 3D columnar films and numerical modeling of light field enhancement by sub-wavelength nano-crevices.
Molecular characterization of cyanobacterial silicification using synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2004
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University Of Manchester
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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