ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8157-9445
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-37884-X
Abstract: An understanding of the temporal evolution of a petroleum system is fundamental to interpreting where hydrocarbons may be trapped in the subsurface. However, traditional exploration methods provide few absolute constraints on the timing of petroleum generation. Here we show that 187 Re/ 187 Os geochronology may be applied to natural crude oil seepage to determine when petroleum generation occurred in offshore sedimentary basins. Using asphaltites collected from the South Australian coastline, our determined Re-Os age (68 ± 15 million years ago) is consistent with their derivation from a Late Cretaceous source rock in the nearby Bight Basin, an interpretation similarly favoured by source-specific biomarker constraints. Furthermore, the calculated initial 187 Os/ 188 Os composition of the asphaltites, a value inherited from the source rock at the time of oil generation, suggests that the source rock represents the later stage of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Our results demonstrate a new approach to identifying the origin of crude oils encountered in coastal environments by providing direct constraints on the timing of petroleum generation and potential source rock intervals in poorly characterised offshore sedimentary basins prior to exploratory drilling.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2019.01.071
Abstract: Soil microorganisms are an important indicator of soil fertility and health. However, our state of knowledge about soil microbial activities, community compositions and carbon use patterns under metal contaminations is still poor. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) on soil microorganisms by investigating the microbial community composition and carbon use preferences. Metal pollution was approached both singly and jointly with low (25 and 2500 mg kg
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 18-02-2004
DOI: 10.1029/2003JD003890
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.122457
Abstract: This study characterises the effect of biochar (pyrolysed biomass) produced from wood pellets, wheat straw and sheep manure on high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of poultry litter. Also, pre-loading biochar with microorganisms before addition to HSADs was investigated. The addition of wood pellet biochar provides a 32% increase to the methane yield compared with control digesters. The addition of biochar produced from either wheat straw or sheep manure has detrimental effects on digester performance compared with controls. The addition of wood pellet biochar pre-loaded by placing it in a high-solids digester for 90 days provides a 69% increase in the total methane yield, 44% increase in the peak daily methane yield and a 33% reduction in the lag time compared with controls. This study highlighted a need for careful selection of parent material for biochar production and, for the first time, the opportunities to re-use wood pellet biochar for further improvements.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.11.214
Abstract: Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised. Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.08.091
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to the particulate matter (PM) during the combustion of raw pyrolysis volatiles (bio-oil and pyrogas mixture) generated from the pyrolysis of rice husk. Five different raw pyrolysis volatiles were produced at varying pyrolysis temperatures (400-800°C) and subsequently combusted in a laboratory-scale, continuous pyrolysis-combustion facility at 850°C. 15 priority pollutant PAH levels in the resulting biochar, bio-oil, and PM were evaluated. Results showed that combustion of the raw pyrolysis volatiles produced at elevated pyrolysis temperatures resulted in greater concentrations of PM-bound PAHs (119% increase between 400 and 800°C) due to the increased PAH and oxy-aromatic content of the bio-oil fraction. Significantly increased benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) - equivalent toxicity of the biochar and PM was observed at elevated pyrolysis temperatures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-12-2022
Abstract: In the original publication [...]
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 17-05-2018
DOI: 10.1029/2018GL077833
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-08-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-05-2012
DOI: 10.1021/EF300451S
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.03.090
Abstract: Whilst largely considered an inert material, biochar has been documented to contain a small yet significant fraction of microbially available labile organic carbon (C). Biochar addition to soil has also been reported to alter soil microbial community structure, and to both stimulate and retard the decomposition of native soil organic matter (SOM). We conducted a short-term incubation experiment using two (13)C-labelled biochars produced from wheat or eucalypt shoots, which were incorporated in an aridic arenosol to examine the fate of the labile fraction of biochar-C through the microbial community. This was achieved using compound specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). A proportion of the biologically-available fraction of both biochars was rapidly (within three days) utilised by gram positive bacteria. There was a sharp peak in CO2 evolution shortly after biochar addition, resulting from rapid turnover of labile C components in biochars and through positive priming of native SOM. Our results demonstrate that this CO2 evolution was at least partially microbially mediated, and that biochar application to soil can cause significant and rapid changes in the soil microbial community likely due to addition of labile C and increases in soil pH.
No related grants have been discovered for Philip Anthony Hall.