ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8678-412X
Current Organisation
CSIRO
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Geophysics | Geophysical Fluid Dynamics | Geodynamics | Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods in Geophysics
Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering |
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-10-2015
DOI: 10.1093/GJI/GGV406
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 09-02-2023
DOI: 10.22541/ESSOAR.167591113.34975523/V1
Abstract: The thermochemical structure of the lithosphere exerts control on melting mechanisms in the mantle as well as the location of volcanism and ore deposits. Imaging the complex interactions between the lithosphere and asthenospheric mantle requires the joint inversion of multiple data sets and their uncertainties. In particular, the combination of seismic velocity and electrical conductivity with data proxies for bulk composition and elusive minor phases is a crucial step towards fully understanding large-scale lithospheric structure and melting. We apply a novel probabilistic approach for joint inversions of 3D magnetotelluric and seismic data to image the lithosphere beneath southeast Australia. Results show a highly heterogeneous lithospheric structure with deep conductivity anomalies that correlate with the location of Cenozoic volcanism. In regions where the conductivities have been at odds with sub-lithospheric temperatures and seismic velocities, we observe that the joint inversion provides conductivity values consistent with other observations. The results reveal a strong relationship between metasomatized regions in the mantle and i) the limits of geological provinces in the crust, which elucidates the subduction-accretion process in the region ii) distribution of leucitite and basaltic magmatism iii) independent geochemical data, and iv) a series of lithospheric steps which constitute areas prone to generating small-scale instabilities in the asthenosphere. This scenario suggests that shear-driven upwelling and edge-driven convection are the dominant melting mechanisms in eastern Australia rather than mantle plume activity, as conventionally conceived. Our study offers an integrated lithospheric model for southeastern Australia and provides insights into the feedback mechanism driving surface processes.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 15-11-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016GL071351
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-94531-8
Abstract: Orogenic gold deposits provide a significant source of the world’s gold and form along faults over a wide range of crustal depths spanning sub-greenschist to granulite grade faces, but the source depths of the gold remains poorly understood. In this paper we compiled thirty years of long-period magnetotelluric (MT) and geomagnetic depth sounding (GDS) data across western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia that have sensitivity to the electrical resistivity of the crust and mantle, which in turn depend on past thermal and fluid processes. This region contains one of the world’s foremost and largest Phanerozoic (440 Ma) orogenic gold provinces that has produced 2% of historic worldwide gold production. Three-dimensional inversion of the long-period MT and GDS data shows a remarkable correlation between orogenic gold deposits with 1 t production and a 20 Ω m low-resistivity region at crustal depths 20 km. This low-resistivity region is consistent with seismically-imaged tectonically thickened marine sediments in the Lachlan Orogen that contain organic carbon (C), sulphides such as pyrite (FeS 2 ) and colloidal gold (Au). Additional heat sources at 440 Ma due to slab break-off after subduction have been suggested to rapidly increase the temperature of the marine sediments at mid to lower crustal depth, releasing HS − ligands for Au, and CO 2 . We argue that the low electrical resistivity signature of the lower crust we see today is from a combination of flake graphite produced in situ from the hibolite grade metamorphism of organic-carbon in the marine sediments, and precipitated graphite through retrograde hydration reactions of CO 2 released during the rapid heating of the sediments. Thus, these geophysical data image a fossil source and pathway zone for one of the world’s richest orogenic gold provinces.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S40623-020-01223-0
Abstract: The central Australian Musgrave Province at the junction of the South, North and West Australian cratons has undergone and continues to retain evidence of significant whole-of-crust, and most likely ‘whole-of-lithosphere’ tectono-magmatic processes. The area is known for some of the largest geophysical anomalies related to significant Moho offsets of up to 15 km, which resulted from repeated intracratonic reworking since the Neoproterozoic. New magnetotelluric (MT) data have been collected across the Musgrave Province in Western Australia and South Australia as part of the Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP). Station spacing was $$\\sim 50\\,\\hbox {km}$$ ∼ 50 km between 96 sites over an area of 500 × 700 km. Long-period MT impedance and tipper data over a bandwidth of 8 s to 10,000 s period have been inverted using a smooth 3D inverse algorithm. The 3D model shows two predominant resistivity trends. There are deep ( $$ \\,\\hbox {km}$$ 65 km ) north–south mantle conductors that we infer to be related to the Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic north-trending arc-related rocks that experienced ultra-high temperature metamorphism and widespread magmatism during the Mesoproterozoic Musgravian Orogeny. These conductors are preserved in the crust south of the Musgrave Province. The upper mantle also contains a localised resistive zone that possibly represents generation of mafic- to ultramafic magmas during the c. 1090–1040 Ma Giles Event. The crust ( $$ \\,\\hbox {km}$$ 65 km depth) contains strong east–west crustal conductors interpreted to reflect the east–west structural grain that initiated during the c. 1090–1040 Ma Giles Event and overprinted the older N–S-oriented mantle anomalies. These E–W crustal conductors coincide with magnetic anomalies that represent crustal-scale structures, and high gravity anomalies associated with significant Moho offsets resulting from further reactivation during the c. 630–520 Ma Petermann and c. 450–300 Ma Alice Springs orogenies.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1029/2018GC007561
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053080
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-06-2010
DOI: 10.1029/2009JB006698
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S40623-019-1125-4
Abstract: 3D inversions of magnetotelluric data are now almost standard, with computational power now allowing an inversion to be performed in a matter of days (or hours) rather than weeks. However, when compared to 2D inversions, these are still very computationally demanding. As a result, 3D inversions are generally not subjected to as rigorous testing as a 1D or 2D inversion would be, which has implications when these models are used for geological interpretation. In this study, we explore the parameter space for inversion of continent-scale datasets. The generalisations made regarding the effects of each parameter should also be scalable to smaller surveys and will enable MT practitioners to optimise their results. We have performed testing on a subset of the South Australian component of the eventual Australia-wide AusLAMP (Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project). The subset was inverted with different parameters, model setup and data subsets. Specifically, results from testing of the model covariance, the resistivity of the prior model, the inclusion of 'known' information into the prior model, the model cell size, the data components inverted for and the d ing parameter $$\\lambda $$ λ were all investigated. In our testing of the 3D inversion software, ModEM3DMT, we found that the resistivity of the starting rior model had significant effect on the final model. Careful selection of initial $$\\lambda $$ λ value can aid in reducing computational time whilst having a negligible effect on the resultant model, whilst large covariance values and model cell sizes enhanced conductive features at depth.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-04-2015
DOI: 10.1093/GJI/GGV116
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-01-2012
Publisher: ACM
Date: 07-07-2012
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018JB016829
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-12-0005
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 18-06-2013
DOI: 10.1002/GRL.50486
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-29016-2
Abstract: World-class magmatic mineral systems are characterised by fluid/melt originating in the deep crust and mantle. However, processes that entrain and focus fluids from a deep-source region to a kilometre-scale deposit through the crust are unclear. A magnetotelluric (MT) and reflection seismic program across the margin of the Gawler Craton, Australia yield a distinct signature for a 1590 Ma event associated with emplacement of iron-oxide copper gold uranium (IOCG-U) deposits. Two- and three-dimensional MT modelling images a 50 km wide lower-crustal region of resistivity Ωm along an accreted Proterozoic belt. The least resistive (~1 Ωm) part terminates at the brittle-ductile transition at ~15 km, directly beneath a rifted sedimentary basin. Above the brittle-ductile transition, three narrow low-resistivity zones (~100 Ωm) branch to the surface. The least resistive zone is remarkably aligned with the world-class IOCG-U Olympic Dam deposit and the other two with significant known IOCG-U mineral occurrences. These zones are spatially correlated with narrow regions of low seismic reflectivity in the upper crust, and the deeper lower-crust conductor is almost seismically transparent. We argue this whole-of-crust imaging encapsulates deep mineral system and maps pathways of metalliferous fluids from crust and mantle sources to emplacement at discrete locations.
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Date: 05-2013
Abstract: Realization of enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) prescribes the need for novel methods to monitor subsurface fracture connectivity and fluid distribution. Magnetotellurics (MT) is a passive electromagnetic (EM) method sensitive to electrical conductivity contrasts as a function of depth, specifically hot saline fluids in a resistive porous media. In July 2011, an EGS fluid injection at 3.6-km depth near Paralana, South Australia, was monitored by comparing repeated MT surveys before and after hydraulic stimulation. An observable coherent change above measurement error in the MT response was present and causal, in that variations in phase predict variations in apparent resistivity. Phase tensor residuals proved the most useful representation for characterizing alterations in subsurface resistivity structure, whereas resistivity tensor residuals aided in determining the sign and litude of resistivity variations. These two tensor representations of the residual MT response suggested fluids migrated toward the northeast of the injection well along an existing fault system trending north-northeast. Forward modeling and concurrent microseismic data support these results, although microseismic data suggest fractures opened along two existing fracture networks trending north-northeast and northeast. This exemplifies the need to use EM methods for monitoring fluid injections due to their sensitivity to conductivity contrasts.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 28-01-2015
DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060088
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1071/EG11022
Location: Australia
Start Date: 2018
End Date: 2020
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 05-2019
End Date: 12-2023
Amount: $660,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity