ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4402-5552
Current Organisation
University of Southampton
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Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 24-12-2008
Abstract: Low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been systematically examined. To conduct a quantitative systematic review examining published evidence on the association of birth weight and type 2 diabetes in adults. Relevant studies published by June 2008 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE (from 1980), MEDLINE (from 1950), and Web of Science (from 1980), with a combination of text words and Medical Subject Headings. Studies with either quantitative or qualitative estimates of the association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes were included. Estimates of association (odds ratio [OR] per kilogram of increase in birth weight) were obtained from authors or from published reports in models that allowed the effects of adjustment (for body mass index and socioeconomic status) and the effects of exclusion (for macrosomia and maternal diabetes) to be examined. Estimates were pooled using random-effects models, allowing for the possibility that true associations differed between populations. Of 327 reports identified, 31 were found to be relevant. Data were obtained from 30 of these reports (31 populations 6090 diabetes cases 152 084 in iduals). Inverse birth weight-type 2 diabetes associations were observed in 23 populations (9 of which were statistically significant) and positive associations were found in 8 (2 of which were statistically significant). Appreciable heterogeneity between populations (I(2) = 66% 95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-77%) was largely explained by positive associations in 2 native North American populations with high prevalences of maternal diabetes and in 1 other population of young adults. In the remaining 28 populations, the pooled OR of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age and sex, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.81) per kilogram. The shape of the birth weight-type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less. Adjustment for current body mass index slightly strengthened the association (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.82] before adjustment and 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65-0.76] after adjustment). Adjustment for socioeconomic status did not materially affect the association (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.84] before adjustment and 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72-0.84] after adjustment). There was no strong evidence of publication or small study bias. In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2265.2005.02281.X
Abstract: Cortisone is an endogenous corticosteroid that has negligible intrinsic glucocorticoid activity but can be converted to the active corticosteroid cortisol by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). 11beta-HSD1 is expressed in osteoblasts and may play a role in determining susceptibility to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In intact osteoblasts enzyme activity, and thus cortisol generation, is dependent on substrate concentration with an almost linear increase in activity across the physiological range. We have therefore attempted to measure the impact of 11beta-HSD1 activity on bone in vivo by examining the association of circulating cortisone with bone markers, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss in a cohort of women and men. Baseline cross-sectional association study involving 135 women and 171 men aged 61-73 years from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study and a 4 year follow-up study examining changes in BMD. Serum cortisone, cortisol and osteocalcin, and urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX) were measured at baseline. BMD at spine and hip was measured at baseline and 4 years later. In men serum cortisone levels were negatively correlated with serum osteocalcin (r = -0.20, P = 0.01) a similar relationship was seen in women (r = -0.16, P = 0.06). No correlation was seen between serum cortisone and urinary NTX (r = 0.03, P = 0.74 for women r = -0.03, P = 0.72 for men). A negative correlation was observed between serum cortisone and spine BMD in women (r = -0.18, P = 0.04) a similar relationship was also seen in men (r =-0.14, P = 0.07). However, cortisone did not correlate with BMD at the femoral neck or total hip or changes in BMD at any site over time. In analyses adjusted for adiposity, osteoarthritis grade and a range of life-style variables, these relationships did not change substantially. All these relationships were independent of cortisol concentrations. The most plausible explanation for the association of circulating cortisone levels with osteocalcin is the presence of 11beta-HSD1 activity within osteoblasts. The measurement of serum cortisone may independently give insights into the action of glucocorticoids on bone.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 04-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20145599
Abstract: To estimate the prevalence, incidence and predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the Vellore Birth Cohort, South India. Prospective, cohort study Population-based cohort of rural and urban communities in and around Vellore city in South India Non-migrant in iduals (n= 962, male 519) were studied at two time points 13.6 years apart i) 1998-2002 (baseline, mean age 28.2 years) and ii) 2013-2014 (follow-up, mean age 41.7 years). Prevalence and incidence of CVD risk factors (obesity, central obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia) studied at baseline (1998-2002) and follow-up (2013-2014), prevalence in comparison with the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Collaboration (global) data, incidence in comparison with another Indian cohort from New Delhi (NDBC), and baseline predictors of incident CVD risk factors. The prevalence at 28 and 42 years was 17% and 51% for overweight/obesity, 19% and 59% for central obesity, 3% and 16% for T2D, 2% and 19% for hypertension and 15% and 30% for hypertriglyceridemia. The prevalence of T2D at baseline and follow-up and hypertension at follow-up was comparable with or exceeded that in high income countries despite lower obesity rates. The incidence of most risk factors was lower in Vellore than in the NDBC. Waist circumference strongly predicted incident T2D, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors was evident at a young age among Indians compared with high and upper-middle income countries, with rural rates catching up with urban estimates. Adiposity predicted higher incident CVD risk, but the prevalence of hypertension and T2D was higher given a relatively low obesity prevalence in global terms. Our findings highlight a high burden of CVD risk factors at younger age with increasing trends observed among rural residents, similar to urban South Indians. Therefore, strategies to prevent CVD should be strengthened in both rural and urban settings to minimise health inequalities and should start young. None Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk burden is increasing in Low- and middle-income countries and contributes significantly to the overall morbidity and mortality. Nation-wide data from India demonstrate heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors within the country there is very little incidence data. The prevalence of CVD risk factors in India is comparable with or exceeds that in high income countries like USA and Europe, even though obesity levels are lower. Adiposity at baseline, particularly waist circumference, is a strong predictor of incident risk factors. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is higher in rural than urban communities, but the incidence is comparable or higher in the rural setting indicating that the rural population are catching up
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 26-11-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.24.21266835
Abstract: A high (20%) prevalence of glucose intolerance at 18-years was seen in women from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) birth cohort. Here, we provide preliminary longitudinal analyses of circulating microRNAs in normal glucose tolerant (NGT@18y, N=10) and glucose intolerant (N=8) women (ADA criteria) at 6-, 12- and 17-years of their age using discovery analysis (OpenArray™ platform). Machine-learning workflows involving Lasso with bootstrapping/leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) identified microRNAs associated with glucose intolerance at 18-years of age. Several microRNAs, including miR-212-3p, miR-30e-3p and miR-638, stratified glucose-intolerant women from NGT at childhood. Our results suggest that circulating microRNAs in childhood could predict pre-diabetes at 18-years of age. Validation of these findings in males and remaining participants from the PMNS birth cohort will provide a unique opportunity to study novel epigenetic mechanisms in the life-course progression of glucose intolerance and enhance current clinical risk prediction of pre-diabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Caroline Fall.