ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7783-5220
Current Organisations
University of Sydney
,
Griffith University
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11096-022-01519-Z
Abstract: Australian pharmacists currently dispense a wide range of prescription-only cannabis-based medicines. Recent regulatory changes will expand the role of pharmacists, allowing certain low-dose cannabidiol products to be supplied without a prescription in pharmacies. This harmonises Australia with many other countries where cannabidiol products are readily available to consumers. To examine Australian pharmacists’ experience, knowledge and attitudes towards medicinal cannabis and their preparedness to supply over-the-counter low-dose cannabidiol products. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a 51-item on-line questionnaire that was informed by previous surveys of health professionals and assessed for face validity. Australian pharmacists were recruited to complete the survey between May and December 2021, primarily through professional pharmacy organisations. Pharmacists were included in the final dataset if they completed the demographic characteristics section and at least one additional section of the questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and relational statistical tests. There were 272 attempts to complete this survey and 217 responses included in the final dataset. Over half of the respondents (60.0%, 130/217) had dispensed at least one medicinal cannabis prescription during their career and 58.5% (127/217) had received at least one medicinal cannabis enquiry in the last fortnight. Only around half (53.9%, 117/217) felt comfortable supplying medicinal cannabis products and fewer (39.3%, 79/201) were confident discussing cannabis-related enquiries. More than half of the respondents (58.7%, 118/201) supported the provision of low-dose cannabidiol products through pharmacies. Two-thirds (67.8%, 80/118) of respondents achieved relatively low scores ( 60%) in the knowledge component of the survey. Most respondents (94.2%, 178/189) endorsed a need for further training in this area. Australian pharmacists tended to support medicinal cannabis availability and improved access to low-dose cannabidiol products via pharmacies. However, results highlight a need for improved training and education of pharmacists around cannabis-based medicines.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2021
DOI: 10.1002/DTA.3153
Abstract: Many jurisdictions use point‐of‐collection (POC) oral fluid testing devices to identify driving under the influence of cannabis, indexed by the presence of Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an intoxicating cannabinoid, in oral fluid. Although the use of the non‐intoxicating cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), is not prohibited among drivers, it is unclear whether these devices can reliably distinguish between CBD and THC, which have similar chemical structures. This study determined whether orally administered CBD produces false‐positive tests for THC on standard, POC oral fluid testing devices. In a randomised, double‐blind, crossover design, healthy participants ( n = 17) completed four treatment sessions involving the administration of either placebo or 15‐, 300‐ or 1500‐mg pure CBD in a high‐fat dietary supplement. Oral fluid was s led, and the DrugWipe®‐5S (DW‐5S 10 ng·ml −1 THC cut‐off) and Drug Test® 5000 (DT5000 10 ng·mL −1 THC cut‐off) devices administered, at baseline (pretreatment) and ~20‐, ~145‐ and ~185‐min posttreatment. Oral fluid cannabinoid concentrations were measured using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) oral fluid CBD concentrations were highest at ~20 min, quantified as 0.4 (6.0), 15.8 (41.6) and 167 (233) ng·ml −1 on the 15‐, 300‐ and 1500‐mg CBD treatments, respectively. THC, cannabinol and cannabigerol were not detected in any s les. A total of 259 DW‐5S and 256 DT5000 tests were successfully completed, and no THC‐positive tests were observed. Orally administered CBD does not appear to produce false‐positive (or true‐positive) tests for THC on the DW‐5S and DT5000. The likelihood of an in idual who is using a CBD (only) oral formulation being falsely accused of DUIC therefore appears low.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2023
DOI: 10.1111/CTS.13425
Abstract: Global interest in the non‐intoxicating cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD), is increasing with claims of therapeutic effects across a ersity of health conditions. At present, there is sufficient clinical trial evidence to support the use of high oral doses of CBD (e.g., 10–50 mg/kg) in treating intractable childhood epilepsies. However, a question remains as to whether “low‐dose” CBD products confer any therapeutic benefits. This is an important question to answer, as low‐dose CBD products are widely available in many countries, often as nutraceutical formulations. The present review therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of low oral doses of CBD. The review includes interventional studies that measured the clinical efficacy in any health condition and/or safety and tolerability of oral CBD dosed at less than or equal to 400 mg per day in adult populations (i.e., ≥18 years of age). Studies were excluded if the product administered had a Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol content greater than 2.0%. Therapeutic benefits of CBD became more clearly evident at doses greater than or equal to 300 mg. Increased dosing from 60 to 400 mg/day did not appear to be associated with an increased frequency of adverse effects. At doses of 300–400 mg, there is evidence of efficacy with respect to reduced anxiety, as well as anti‐addiction effects in drug‐dependent in iduals. More marginal and less consistent therapeutic effects on insomnia, neurological disorders, and chronic pain were also apparent. Larger more robust clinical trials are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of lower (i.e., mg/day) oral doses of CBD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.HLC.2021.04.023
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading causes of death and morbidity in Australia and worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment, there remain large gaps in our understanding to prevent, treat and manage CVD events and associated morbidities. This article lays out a vision for enhancing CVD research in Australia through the development of a Big Data system, bringing together the multitude of rich administrative and health datasets available. The article describes the different types of Big Data available for CVD research in Australia and presents an overview of the potential benefits of a Big Data system for CVD research and some of the major challenges in establishing the system for Australia. The steps for progressing this vision are outlined.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-03-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10040419
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HUP.2749
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Enviro Research Publishers
Date: 25-08-2018
Abstract: Encapsulated (Pod) coffee is increasingly popular and available in a range of flavor and intensity profiles. This study examined consumption of different coffee Pods on mood and cognitive performance. Thirty-eight participants (n=6 males, 32 females age: 23.9±5.4 years weight: 64.3±11.9 kg BMI: 22.4±2.7 kg•m-2 mean±SD) completed 3 trials, consuming either Cosi, Dharkan, or Kazaar Pods following overnight caffeine abstention. Mood and cognitive performance (choice reaction-time (CRT), visual scanning (VS), Stroop) were measured before and 30 min post coffee consumption. Sensory characteristics were measured during coffee consumption. Accuracy, Reaction Time (RT) central tendency and whole RT distributions were analyzed. Bitterness, flavour-intensity, aroma and perceived caffeine content ratings increased for Cosi, Dharkan and Kazaar Pods respectively. Reduced ratings of sleepiness and headache and increased ratings of concentration, alertness, excitement and happiness were observed with all Pods. Coffee improved CRT latency (before: 469±55 vs. after: 459±50 ms p=0.031), but not visual scanning performance. Stroop RTs were faster after coffee (before: 854±193 vs. after: 766±156 ms p 0.001) with control, congruent and incongruent trials facilitated by different aspects of the RT distribution. Consumption of Nespresso® Pod coffee improves mood and cognitive performance irrespective of caffeine content, habitual caffeine use and Pod sensory characteristics. However, the effects on cognitive function appear to be task dependent.
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 15-03-2020
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.50529
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2019.12.008
Abstract: Caffeine is widely used to counteract the effects of sleep loss. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of acute caffeine consumption on cognitive, physical, occupational and driving performance in sleep deprived/restricted in iduals. 45 publications providing 327 effect estimates (EEs) were included in the review. Caffeine improved response time (44 EEs g = 0.86 95 % CI: 0.53-0.83) and accuracy (27 EEs g = 0.68 95 % CI: 0.48-0.88) on attention tests, improved executive function (38 EEs g = 0.35 95 % CI: 0.15-0.55), improved reaction time (12 EEs g = 1.11 95 % CI: 0.75-1.47), improved response time (20 EEs g = 1.95 95 % CI: 1.39-2.52) and accuracy (34 EEs g = 0.43 95 % CI: 0.30-0.55) on information processing tasks, and enhanced lateral (29 EEs g = 1.67 95 % CI: 1.32-2.02) and longitudinal (12 EEs g = 1.60 95 % CI: 1.16-2.03) measures of vehicular control on driving tests. Studies also typically indicated benefit of caffeine on memory (25 EEs), crystallized intelligence (11 EEs), physical (39 EEs) and occupational (36 EEs) performance. Ingestion of caffeine is an effective counter-measure to the cognitive and physical impairments associated with sleep loss.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2017.03.001
Abstract: Driving simulators are used in a wide range of research settings to help develop an understanding of driver behavior in complex environments. Acute alcohol impairment is an important research topic for traffic safety and a large number of studies have indicated levels of simulated driving impairment imposed by alcohol across a range of performance outcome variables. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of acute alcohol consumption on simulated driving performance by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence. The online databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science (via Thomas Reuters) and Scopus were searched to identify studies that measured simulated car driving performance under control ('no alcohol' or 'placebo alcohol' ingestion) and intervention (acute alcohol ingestion) conditions, using repeated-measures experimental designs. Primary research outcomes were standard deviation of lane position (SDLP) and standard deviation of speed (SDSP) (total number of lane crossings (LC) and average speed (Speed) were secondary research outcomes). Meta-analytic procedures were used to quantify the effect of acute alcohol consumption on vehicle control, and to determine the influence of methodological variables (i.e. the duration of the simulated driving task, the limb of the BAC curve (ascending vs. descending) and the type of driving simulator employed (i.e. car vs. PC-based)) on the magnitude of the performance change due to alcohol consumption. 423 records were screened, and 50 repeated-measures trials (n=962 participants, 62% male) derived from 17 original publications were reviewed. 37 trials (n=721 participants) used a 'placebo alcohol' comparator to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on SDLP (32/37) and SDSP (22/37). Alcohol consumption significantly increased SDLP by 4.0±0.5cm (95% CI: 3.0, 5.1) and SDSP by 0.38±0.10km⋅h
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-017-0800-5
Abstract: Athletes may complete consecutive exercise sessions with limited recovery time between bouts (e.g. ≤ 4 h). Nutritional strategies that optimise post-exercise recovery in these situations are therefore important. This two-part review investigated the effect of consuming carbohydrate (CHO) and protein with water (W) following exercise on subsequent athletic (endurance/anaerobic exercise) performance. Studies were identified by searching the online databases SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Investigations that measured endurance performance (≥ 5 min duration) ≤ 4 h after a standardised exercise bout (any type) under the following control vs. intervention conditions were included: Part 1: W vs. CHO ingested with an equal volume of W (CHO + W) and, Part 2: CHO + W vs. protein (PRO) ingested with CHO and an equal volume of W (PRO + CHO + W), where CHO or energy intake was matched. Publications were examined for bias using the Rosendal scale. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted to evaluate intervention efficacy. The quality assessment yielded a Rosendal score of 63 ± 9% (mean ± standard deviation). Part 1: 45 trials (n = 486) were reviewed. Ingesting CHO + W (102 ± 50 g CHO 0.8 ± 0.6 g CHO kg Athletes with limited time for recovery between consecutive exercise sessions should prioritise CHO and fluid ingestion to enhance subsequent athletic performance. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016046807.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HUP.2792
Abstract: This study aimed to determine if belief in caffeine's ergogenic potential influences choice reaction time (CRT) and/or running performance. Twenty‐nine healthy in iduals (23.7 ± 5 years, 16 males) completed two trials (one week apart). Before the trials, participants indicated their “belief” in caffeine's ergogenic effects and previous “experience” using caffeine for performance. On arrival, participants randomly received either sham “Low (100mg LD)” or “High (300mg HD)” dose caffeine capsules 30‐min before commencing the CRT test, followed by a 10km run. Paired s les t ‐tests determined differences between trials for CRT latency ( Ex‐Gaussian analysis μ‐, σ‐ and τ‐) and running performance using the entire cohort and sub‐groups exhibiting strong “beliefs”+/−“experience”. Sham caffeine dose did not influence CRT (μ‐, σ‐ and τ‐respectively, LD: 400 ± 53ms vs. HD: 388 ± 41ms LD: 35 ± 18ms vs. HD: 34 ± 17ms LD: 50 ± 24ms vs. HD: 52 ± 19ms, all p 's 0.05). Neither belief ( n = 6), nor belief + experience ( n = 4), influenced this effect. Furthermore, caffeine dose did not influence run time (LD: 49.05 ± 3.75min vs. HD: 49.06 ± 3.85min, p = 0.979). Belief ( n = 9) (LD: 48.93 ± 3.71min vs. HD: 48.9 ± 3.52min, p = 0.976), and belief + experience ( n = 6) (LD: 48.68 ± 1.87min vs. HD: 49.55 ± 1.75min, p = 0.386) didn't influence this effect. A dose‐response to sham caffeine ingestion was not evident on cognitive or endurance performance in healthy in iduals, regardless of their convictions about caffeine's ergogenicity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-020-00251-0
Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa . CBD initially drew scientific interest due to its anticonvulsant properties but increasing evidence of other therapeutic effects has attracted the attention of additional clinical and non-clinical populations, including athletes. Unlike the intoxicating cannabinoid, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), CBD is no longer prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency and appears to be safe and well-tolerated in humans. It has also become readily available in many countries with the introduction of over-the-counter “nutraceutical” products. The aim of this narrative review was to explore various physiological and psychological effects of CBD that may be relevant to the sport and/or exercise context and to identify key areas for future research. As direct studies of CBD and sports performance are is currently lacking, evidence for this narrative review was sourced from preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical trials in non-athlete populations. Preclinical studies have observed robust anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic effects of CBD in animal models. Preliminary preclinical evidence also suggests that CBD may protect against gastrointestinal damage associated with inflammation and promote healing of traumatic skeletal injuries. However, further research is required to confirm these observations. Early stage clinical studies suggest that CBD may be anxiolytic in “stress-inducing” situations and in in iduals with anxiety disorders. While some case reports indicate that CBD improves sleep, robust evidence is currently lacking. Cognitive function and thermoregulation appear to be unaffected by CBD while effects on food intake, metabolic function, cardiovascular function, and infection require further study. CBD may exert a number of physiological, biochemical, and psychological effects with the potential to benefit athletes. However, well controlled, studies in athlete populations are required before definitive conclusions can be reached regarding the utility of CBD in supporting athletic performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2019.06.004
Abstract: Skin tattoos have been shown to reduce localised sweat rate and increase sweat sodium concentration ([Na Unblinded, within-participant control, single trial. Twenty-two healthy in iduals (25.1±4.8 y (Mean±SD), 14 males) with a unilateral tattoo ≥11.4cm Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo: Neither sweat rate (Mean±SD: 0.92±0.37 vs. 0.94±0.43mg·cm Skin tattoos do not appear to alter the rate or [Na
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-08-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00315125221124369
Abstract: In this study we investigated the effects of variously derived sources of low-dose caffeine on mood/arousal and cognitive performance. Twenty-two participants (15 men, 7 women M age: 28.2, SD = 9.0 years) undertook five randomized, crossover trials in which they consumed either a water control (CON) or 80 mg of caffeine from one of four sources (coffee [COF], energy drink [END], capsule [CAP], and dissolvable mouth strip [STR]). We measured the participants’ perceived efficacy of these varied caffeine sources pre-treatment and we measured mood/arousal at pre-treatment, and again at 15 and 45 minutes post-treatment. We also measured choice reaction-time at 15 and 45 minutes post-treatment, and participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) 45 minutes post-treatment. Caffeine increased participant ratings of alertness and decreased their ratings of tiredness irrespective of source ( p’s .05), and all sources of caffeine decreased reaction time on the PVT ( p’s .05), with ex-Gaussian distributional analysis localizing this to the tau-parameter, indicating lower variability. However, only the COF source was associated with improved ‘overall mood’ ( p’s .05). Participants expected to perform better on the PVT with COF compared to CON, but there were no other significant associations between source expectancy and performance. In sum, a modest dose of caffeine, regardless of source, positively impacted mood/arousal and cognitive performance, and these effects did not appear to be influenced by expectations.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 10-2021
Abstract: This study examined the impact of varying the holding time following an ad libitum laboratory breakfast on acute dietary behaviour and subsequent intake. Twenty-four participants (20 females (age: 23.4 ± 6.3 years body mass index: 23.9 ± 3.9 kg·m –2 , mean ± SD)) completed 3 trials following a quasi-randomised, crossover design. Each trial (7-day separation) incorporated a defined post-prandial delay (DPD) period of either zero (no delay), 1 or 3 hours following a buffet breakfast consumed over 30 minutes. Dietary intake outcomes included energy, macronutrient and core food group intakes. On completion of the DPD period, participants left the laboratory and recorded all food/beverages consumed for the remainder of the day. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA assessed all outcomes, with post hoc analysis conducted on significant main effects. Energy and carbohydrate intakes were significantly lower on no delay vs. 1-hour (p = 0.014) and 3-hour (p = 0.06) DPD trials (energy intake: 1853 ± 814 kJ vs. 2250 ± 1345 kJ vs. 1948 ± 1289 kJ carbohydrates: 68 ± 34 g vs. 77 ± 44 vs. 69 ± 43 g respectively). DPD periods did not influence the time to consume next meal or energy, macronutrient and core food group intakes for the remainder of the day. Delaying participants from leaving a laboratory alters dietary intake at an ad libitum test meal. The post-meal holding period is an important methodological consideration when planning laboratory studies to assess appetite. Novelty: Delaying participants from leaving a laboratory alters dietary intake at ad libitum breakfast meals. The length of the delay period did not affect dietary intake at ad libitum breakfast meals.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Enviro Research Publishers
Date: 25-08-2018
Abstract: Smoothies are popular dietary products. An online survey of Australian adults (n=833 79% female) was used to explore patterns of smoothie consumption and in idual motives for consuming these beverages. Participants commonly reported consuming fruit (98%), yoghurt (66%), milk (58%), honey (52%), fruit juice (46%), and nutritional supplements (46%) in smoothies. Compared to Infrequent Smoothie-Consumers (I-SC, 1•week-1 n=514), Frequent Smoothie-Consumers (F-SC, = 1•week-1 n=269) were more likely to consume core-foods (e.g. vegetables, p 0.001) and less likely to consume discretionary items (e.g. honey or ice-cream, p’s 0.020) in smoothies. It followed that F-SC typically cited “health-related reasons” for consuming these beverages (i.e. to increase fruit/vegetable [57%] or nutrient [50%] intake, and/or to be “healthy” [56%]) and perceived these products as “nutritious” (84%) whilst I-SC often perceived them as “indulgent” (62%). Smoothies may play a positive role in the diet. However, beverages incorporating discretionary choices may increase energy, saturated fat and/or sugar intakes, offsetting the benefits of fruit/vegetable consumption.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-12-2022
DOI: 10.1002/DTA.3419
Abstract: A growing number of clinical trials (CTs) are investigating the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐intoxicating phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa . These CTs often use crossover experimental designs requiring ‘washout’ (clearance) periods. However, the length of time CBD persists in plasma (its ‘window of detection’) is unclear and could be significant. Indeed, the structurally related phytocannabinoid, Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has a long window of detection in plasma. We investigated the extent to which CBD and its major metabolites persist in plasma. Data from three CTs that measured plasma cannabinoid concentrations ≥7 days after administering a single oral dose of CBD were pooled. The CBD doses were as follows: CT #1: 300 mg CT #2: 200 mg (and 10 mg THC) and CT #3: 15, 300 and 1500 mg (one per treatment session). Thirty‐two participants were included in the analysis, 17 of whom (from CT #3) provided repeated measures. Overall, 0% (15 mg), 60% (200 mg), 28% (300 mg) and 100% (1500 mg) of participants had detectable concentrations (i.e., .25 ng·ml −1 ) of CBD in plasma ≥7 days post‐treatment (some, several weeks post‐treatment). A zero‐inflated negative binomial mixed‐effects regression analysis ( R 2 m = 0.44 R 2 c = 0.73) predicted that, on average, a 13 day washout period would reduce plasma CBD concentrations to ‘zero’ (i.e., .25 ng·ml −1 ) if a single oral dose of 300 mg was consumed. Higher doses require longer washout periods concomitant medications may also affect clearance. In conclusion, CBD has a long window of detection in plasma. Crossover studies involving CBD should, therefore, be conducted with caution, particularly when higher doses and/or chronic dosing regimens are used.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-020-00297-0
Abstract: Rapid restoration of muscle glycogen stores is imperative for athletes undertaking consecutive strenuous exercise sessions with limited recovery time (e.g. ≤ 8 h). Strategies to optimise muscle glycogen re-synthesis in this situation are essential. This two-part systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of consuming carbohydrate (CHO) with and without protein (PRO) on the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis during short-term post-exercise recovery (≤ 8 h). Studies were identified via the online databases Web of Science and Scopus. Investigations that measured muscle glycogen via needle biopsy during recovery (with the first measurement taken ≤ 30 min post-exercise and at least one additional measure taken ≤ 8 h post-exercise) following a standardised exercise bout (any type) under the following control vs. intervention conditions were included in the meta-analysis: part 1, water (or non-nutrient beverage) vs. CHO, and part 2, CHO vs. CHO+PRO. Publications were examined for methodological quality using the Rosendal scale. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted to evaluate intervention efficacy. Overall, 29 trials ( n = 246 participants) derived from 21 publications were included in this review. The quality assessment yielded a Rosendal score of 61 ± 8% (mean ± standard deviation). Part 1: 10 trials ( n = 86) were reviewed. Ingesting CHO during recovery (1.02 ± 0.4 g·kg body mass (BM) −1 h −1 ) improved the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis compared with water change in muscle glycogen (MG Δ ) re-synthesis rate = 23.5 mmol·kg dm −1 h −1 , 95% CI 19.0–27.9, p 0.001 I 2 = 66.8%. A significant positive correlation ( R 2 = 0.44, p = 0.027) was observed between interval of CHO administration (≤ hourly vs. hourly) and the mean difference in rate of re-synthesis between treatments. Part 2: 19 trials ( n = 160) were reviewed. Ingesting CHO+PRO (CHO: 0.86 ± 0.2 g·kg BM −1 h −1 PRO: 0.27 ± 0.1 g·kg BM −1 h −1 ) did not improve the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis compared to CHO alone (0.95 ± 0.3 g·kg BM −1 h −1 ) MG Δ re-synthesis rate = 0.4 mmol·kg dm −1 h −1 , 95% CI −2.7 to 3.4, p = 0.805 I 2 = 56.4%. Athletes with limited time for recovery between consecutive exercise sessions should prioritise regular intake of CHO, while co-ingesting PRO with CHO appears unlikely to enhance (or impede) the rate of muscle glycogen re-synthesis. Registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (identification code CRD42020156841 ).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2018.12.013
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of consuming either water or a carbohydrate (CHO)-electrolyte sports beverage ('Sports Drink') ad libitum with food during a 4 h post-exercise recovery period on fluid restoration, nutrient provision and subsequent endurance cycling performance. On two occasions, 16 endurance-trained cyclists 8 male [M] (age: 31 ± 9 y VO
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-10-2022
DOI: 10.2196/43413
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-12-2021
Abstract: here is growing global evidence on the adoption and effectiveness of eHealth (including mobile health and telehealth) by First Nation peoples including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Although there are frameworks to guide eHealth development, implementation, and evaluation, it is unknown whether they adequately encapsulate the health, cultural, and community-related priorities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. he aim of this research program is to prepare a best practice framework that will guide the co-design, implementation, and evaluation of culturally safe eHealth interventions within existing models of health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The framework will be a synthesis of evidence that represents best practices in eHealth, as determined by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. esearch activities to develop the best practice framework will occur in stepped but overlapping qualitative research phases with governance from an existing multiagency research collaboration (the Collaboration). The research protocol has been informed by key research frameworks such as the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) and Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. The seven phases of research will include the following: systematic literature review, scoping review, theme development, theme consultation, Delphi processes for expert reviews, and dissemination. embers of the Collaboration conceived this research program in August 2020, and a draft was produced in June 2021 with subsequent funding obtained in July 2021. The Collaboration approved the protocol in December 2021. Results for several research phases of the best practice framework development are expected by January 2023, commencing with the systematic literature review and the scoping review. he research program outlined in this protocol is a timely response to the growing number of eHealth interventions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A best practice framework is needed to guide the rigorous development and evaluation of eHealth innovations to promote genuine co-design and ensure cultural safety and clinical effectiveness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. ERR1-10.2196/34904
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: This study assessed voluntary dietary intake when different beverages were provided within a recovery area following recreational exercise. Participants completed two 10-km runs 1 week apart. Immediately after the first run, “beer drinkers” ( n = 54 mean ± SD : age = 23.9 ± 5.8 years, body mass [BM] = 76 ± 13 kg) randomly received low-alcohol beer (Hahn Ultra ® [Lion Co.], 0.9% alcohol by volume) or sports drink (SD Gatorade ® [PepsiCo]), whereas “nonbeer drinkers” ( n = 78 age = 21.8 ± 2.2 years, BM = 71 ± 13 kg) received water or SD. Participants remained in a recovery area for 30–60 min with fluid consumption monitored. The following week, participants received the alternate beverage. Participants recorded all food/fluid consumed for the remainder of both trial days (diary and photographs). Fluid balance was assessed via BM change and urine specific gravity. Paired t tests were used to assess differences in hydration and dietary variables. No differences were observed in preexercise urine specific gravity (∼1.01) or BM loss (∼2%) between intervention groups ( p s .05). Water versus SD: No difference in acute fluid intake was noted (water = 751 ± 259 ml, SD = 805 ± 308 ml, p = .157). SD availability influenced total energy and carbohydrate intakes (water = 5.7 ± 2.5 MJ and 151 ± 77 g, SD = 6.5 ± 2.7 MJ and 187 ± 87 g, energy p = .002, carbohydrate p .001). SD versus beer: SD availability resulted in greater acute fluid intake (SD = 1,047 ± 393 ml, beer = 850 ± 630 ml p = .004), which remained evident at the end of trial days (SD = 3,337 ± 1,100 ml, beer = 2,982 ± 1,191 ml p .01). No differences in dietary variables were observed. Next day, urine specific gravity values were not different between water versus SD. However, a small difference was detected between SD versus beer (SD = 1.021 ± 0.009, beer = 1.016 ± 0.008, p = .002). Consuming calorie-containing drinks postexercise appears to increase daily energy and carbohydrate intake but has minimal impact on next-day hydration.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 13-08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-022-01706-Y
Abstract: Sleep loss may influence subsequent physical performance. Quantifying the impact of sleep loss on physical performance is critical for in iduals involved in athletic pursuits. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies were identified via the Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO online databases. Investigations measuring exercise performance under ‘control’ (i.e., normal sleep, 6 h in any 24 h period) and ‘intervention’ (i.e., sleep loss, ≤ 6 h sleep in any 24 h period) conditions were included. Performance tasks were classified into different exercise categories (anaerobic power, speed ower endurance, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), strength, endurance, strength-endurance, and skill). Multi-level random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted, including subgroup analyses to explore the influence of sleep-loss protocol (e.g., deprivation, restriction, early [delayed sleep onset] and late restriction [earlier than normal waking]), time of day the exercise task was performed (AM vs. PM) and body limb strength (upper vs. lower body). Overall, 227 outcome measures (anaerobic power: n = 58 speed ower endurance: n = 32 HIIE: n = 27 strength: n = 66 endurance: n = 22 strength-endurance: n = 9 skill: n = 13) derived from 69 publications were included. Results indicated a negative impact of sleep loss on the percentage change (% Δ ) in exercise performance ( n = 959 [89%] male mean % Δ = − 7.56%, 95% CI − 11.9 to − 3.13, p = 0.001, I 2 = 98.1%). Effects were significant for all exercise categories. Subgroup analyses indicated that the pattern of sleep loss (i.e., deprivation, early and late restriction) preceding exercise is an important factor, with consistent negative effects only observed with deprivation and late-restriction protocols. A significant positive relationship was observed between time awake prior to the exercise task and % Δ in performance for both deprivation and late-restriction protocols (~ 0.4% decrease for every hour awake prior to exercise). The negative effects of sleep loss on different exercise tasks performed in the PM were consistent, while tasks performed in the AM were largely unaffected. Sleep loss appears to have a negative impact on exercise performance. If sleep loss is anticipated and unavoidable, in iduals should avoid situations that lead to experiencing deprivation or late restriction, and prioritise morning exercise in an effort to maintain performance.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-06-2023
DOI: 10.2196/45162
Abstract: The advancements and abundance of mobile phones and portable health devices have created an opportunity to use mobile health (mHealth) for population health systems. There is increasing evidence for the feasibility and acceptance of mHealth with Indigenous populations. Providing a synthesis of qualitative findings of mHealth with Indigenous populations will gain insights into the strengths and challenges to mHealth use in Indigenous populations. This review aimed to identify and synthesize qualitative data pertaining to the experiences and perceptions of mHealth from the perspectives of end users (patients and service providers) living in the colonial settler democracies of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the Pacific Islands, and the Sápmi region of northern Europe. In May 2021, systematic searches of peer-reviewed, scientific papers were conducted across the 5 databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Qualitative or mixed method studies were included where a mHealth intervention was the primary focus for responding to health challenges with Indigenous populations. Two authors independently screened papers for eligibility and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A meta-aggregative approach was used to analyze the findings of included studies. Seventeen papers met the eligibility criteria, 8 studies with patients, 7 studies with service providers, and 2 studies that included both patients and service providers. Studies were conducted in Australia (n=10), Canada (n=2), New Zealand (n=2), Papua New Guinea (n=1), the United States (n=1), and Samoa (n=1). Our interpretation of these qualitative findings shows commonalities between Indigenous patients’ and service providers’ perceptions of mHealth. We summarize our findings in six themes: (1) mHealth literacy, (2) mHealth as a facilitator for connection and support, (3) mHealth content needed to be culturally relevant, (4) mHealth security and confidentiality, (5) mHealth supporting rather than replacing service providers, and (6) workplace and organizational capacity. This research suggests that mHealth can meet the needs of both patients and service providers when the mHealth intervention is culturally relevant, accounts for digital and health literacy, incorporates interactive components, is supported by workplaces, fits into health provider workflows, and meets security and confidentiality standards. Future mHealth research with Indigenous populations should partner with key representatives (eg, patients, service providers, and executive leaders) in the mHealth design appropriate to the purpose, people, setting, and delivery.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-06-2022
DOI: 10.2196/34904
Abstract: There is growing global evidence on the adoption and effectiveness of eHealth (including mobile health and telehealth) by First Nation peoples including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Although there are frameworks to guide eHealth development, implementation, and evaluation, it is unknown whether they adequately encapsulate the health, cultural, and community-related priorities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The aim of this research program is to prepare a best practice framework that will guide the co-design, implementation, and evaluation of culturally safe eHealth interventions within existing models of health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The framework will be a synthesis of evidence that represents best practices in eHealth, as determined by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Research activities to develop the best practice framework will occur in stepped but overlapping qualitative research phases with governance from an existing multiagency research collaboration (the Collaboration). The research protocol has been informed by key research frameworks such as the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) and Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. The seven phases of research will include the following: systematic literature review, scoping review, theme development, theme consultation, Delphi processes for expert reviews, and dissemination. Members of the Collaboration conceived this research program in August 2020, and a draft was produced in June 2021 with subsequent funding obtained in July 2021. The Collaboration approved the protocol in December 2021. Results for several research phases of the best practice framework development are expected by January 2023, commencing with the systematic literature review and the scoping review. The research program outlined in this protocol is a timely response to the growing number of eHealth interventions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A best practice framework is needed to guide the rigorous development and evaluation of eHealth innovations to promote genuine co-design and ensure cultural safety and clinical effectiveness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. DERR1-10.2196/34904
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-11-2022
Abstract: To describe the demographics, presentation characteristics, clinical features and cardiac outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients who present to a regional cardiac referral centre ED with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This was a single‐centre observational study conducted at a regional referral hospital in Far North Queensland, Australia from November 2017 to September 2018 and January 2019 to December 2019. Study participants were 278 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to an ED and investigated for suspected ACS. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients with ACS at index presentation and differences in characteristics between those with and without ACS. ACS at presentation was diagnosed in 38.1% of patients ( n = 106). The mean age of patients with ACS was 53.5 years (SD 9.5) compared with 48.7 years (SD 12.1) in those without ACS ( P = 0.001). Patients with ACS were more likely to be male (63.2% vs 39.0%, P 0.001), smokers (70.6% vs 52.3%, P = 0.002), have diabetes (56.6% vs 38.4%, P = 0.003) and have renal impairment (24.5% vs 10.5%, P = 0.002). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with suspected ACS have a high burden of traditional cardiac risk factors, regardless of whether they are eventually diagnosed with ACS. These patients may benefit from assessment for coronary artery disease regardless of age at presentation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-05-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1914755
Abstract: This review aimed to document the characteristics and appraise the quality of dementia applications (apps) to support persons living with dementia and their caregivers. Systematic searches of the Australian-based Google Play Store, Apple App Store, and relevant websites sought apps with dementia or Alzheimer's information, support for caregivers and persons living with dementia, or prevention content. Apps were screened and subsequently appraised via the mobile application review system (MARS). The majority of the final 75 dementia apps were free to download, but were only available on a single platform. Persons involved in caregiving were the primary audience. App content focused on dementia information, practical caregiving, and communication tips. Language options in addition to English were limited and few apps offered ongoing support. MARS appraisal identified few apps with good "Overall Quality" scores. Apps that were more comprehensive trended towards higher MARS scores. A composite lack of standardised quality indicators and commercial drivers of the marketplace present significant barriers for consumers seeking meaningful dementia information and support. Persons living with dementia and their caregivers would significantly benefit from social and organisational services that assist with navigating the app marketplace.Implications for rehabilitationThere is significant opportunity for quality digital innovations, including apps, to support home-based, independent dementia care.A composite lack of standardised quality indicators and commercial drivers of the app marketplace present significant barriers for persons living with dementia and their caregivers who seek apps with dementia information and support.Social and organisational services can support the dementia community through assistance with navigating the app marketplace for quality dementia information and support.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-03-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-022-00417-Y
Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects that have the potential to benefit athletes. This pilot study investigated the effects of acute, oral CBD treatment on physiological and psychological responses to aerobic exercise to determine its practical utility within the sporting context. On two occasions, nine endurance-trained males (mean ± SD V̇O 2max : 57.4 ± 4.0 mL·min −1 ·kg −1 ) ran for 60 min at a fixed intensity (70% V̇O 2max ) (RUN 1) before completing an incremental run to exhaustion (RUN 2). Participants received CBD (300 mg oral) or placebo 1.5 h before exercise in a randomised, double-blind design. Respiratory gases (V̇O 2 ), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), blood glucose (BG) and lactate (BL) concentrations, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and pleasure–displeasure were measured at three timepoints (T1–3) during RUN 1. V̇O 2max , RER max , HR max and time to exhaustion (TTE) were recorded during RUN 2. Venous blood was drawn at Baseline, Pre- and Post-RUN 1, Post-RUN 2 and 1 h Post-RUN 2. Data were synthesised using Cohen’s d z effect sizes and 85% confidence intervals (CIs). Effects were considered worthy of further investigation if the 85% CI included ± 0.5 but not zero. CBD appeared to increase V̇O 2 (T2: + 38 ± 48 mL·min −1 , d z : 0.25–1.35), ratings of pleasure (T1: + 0.7 ± 0.9, d z : 0.22–1.32 T2: + 0.8 ± 1.1, d z : 0.17–1.25) and BL (T2: + 3.3 ± 6.4 mmol·L −1 , d z : 0.00–1.03) during RUN 1 compared to placebo. No differences in HR, RPE, BG or RER were observed between treatments. CBD appeared to increase V̇O 2max (+ 119 ± 206 mL·min −1 , d z : 0.06–1.10) and RER max (+ 0.04 ± 0.05 d z : 0.24–1.34) during RUN 2 compared to placebo. No differences in TTE or HR max were observed between treatments. Exercise increased serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide and myoglobin concentrations (i.e. Baseline vs. Post-RUN 1, Post-RUN 2 and/or 1-h Post-RUN 2, p ’s 0.05). However, the changes were small, making it difficult to reliably evaluate the effect of CBD, where an effect appeared to be present. Plasma concentrations of the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), increased Post-RUN 1 and Post-RUN 2, relative to Baseline and Pre-RUN 1 ( p ’s 0.05). CBD appeared to reduce AEA concentrations Post-RUN 2, compared to placebo (− 0.95 ± 0.64 pmol·mL −1 , d z : − 2.19, − 0.79). CBD appears to alter some key physiological and psychological responses to aerobic exercise without impairing performance. Larger studies are required to confirm and better understand these preliminary findings. Trial Registration This investigation was approved by the Sydney Local Health District’s Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/ETH00226) and registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000941965).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2020
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.25919/14V6-J245
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-12-2022
Abstract: he advancements and abundance of mobile phones and portable health devices have created an opportunity to use mobile health (mHealth) for population health systems. There is increasing evidence for the feasibility and acceptance of mHealth with Indigenous populations. Providing a synthesis of qualitative findings of mHealth with Indigenous populations will gain insights into the strengths and challenges to mHealth use in Indigenous populations. his review aimed to identify and synthesize qualitative data pertaining to the experiences and perceptions of mHealth from the perspectives of end users (patients and service providers) living in the colonial settler democracies of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the Pacific Islands, and the Sápmi region of northern Europe. n May 2021, systematic searches of peer-reviewed, scientific papers were conducted across the 5 databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Qualitative or mixed method studies were included where a mHealth intervention was the primary focus for responding to health challenges with Indigenous populations. Two authors independently screened papers for eligibility and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A meta-aggregative approach was used to analyze the findings of included studies. eventeen papers met the eligibility criteria, 8 studies with patients, 7 studies with service providers, and 2 studies that included both patients and service providers. Studies were conducted in Australia (n=10), Canada (n=2), New Zealand (n=2), Papua New Guinea (n=1), the United States (n=1), and Samoa (n=1). Our interpretation of these qualitative findings shows commonalities between Indigenous patients’ and service providers’ perceptions of mHealth. We summarize our findings in six themes: (1) mHealth literacy, (2) mHealth as a facilitator for connection and support, (3) mHealth content needed to be culturally relevant, (4) mHealth security and confidentiality, (5) mHealth supporting rather than replacing service providers, and (6) workplace and organizational capacity. his research suggests that mHealth can meet the needs of both patients and service providers when the mHealth intervention is culturally relevant, accounts for digital and health literacy, incorporates interactive components, is supported by workplaces, fits into health provider workflows, and meets security and confidentiality standards. Future mHealth research with Indigenous populations should partner with key representatives (eg, patients, service providers, and executive leaders) in the mHealth design appropriate to the purpose, people, setting, and delivery.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 2019
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of consuming different commercial beverages with food ad libitum after exercise on fluid, energy, and nutrient recovery in trained females. On 4 separate occasions, 8 females (body mass (BM): 61.8 ± 10.7 kg maximal oxygen uptake: 46.3 ± 7.5 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) lost 2.0% ± 0.3% BM cycling at ∼75% maximal oxygen uptake before completing a 4-h recovery period with ad libitum access to 1 of 4 beverages: Water, Powerade (Sports Drink), Up & Go Reduced Sugar (Lower Sugar (LS)-MILK) or Up & Go Energize (Higher Protein (HP)-MILK). Participants also had two 15-min opportunities to access food within the first 2 h of the recovery period. Beverage intake, total water/nutrient intake, and indicators of fluid recovery (BM, urine output, plasma osmolality), gastrointestinal tolerance and palatability were assessed periodically. While total water intake (from food and beverage) (Water: 1918 ± 580 g Sports Drink: 1809 ± 338 g LS-MILK: 1458 ± 431 g HP-MILK: 1523 ± 472 g p = 0.010) and total urine output (Water: 566 ± 314 g Sports Drink: 459 ± 290 g LS-MILK: 220 ± 53 g HP-MILK: 230 ± 117 g p = 0.009) differed significantly by beverage, the quantity of ingested water retained was similar across treatments (Water: 1352 ± 462 g Sports Drink: 1349 ± 407 g LS-MILK: 1238 ± 400 g HP-MILK: 1293 ± 453 g p = 0.691). Total energy intake (from food and beverage) increased in proportion to the energy density of the beverage (Water: 4129 ± 1080 kJ Sports Drink: 5167 ± 643 kJ LS-MILK: 6019 ± 1925 kJ HP-MILK: 7096 ± 2058 kJ p = 0.014). When consumed voluntarily and with food, different beverages promote similar levels of fluid recovery, but alter energy/nutrient intakes. Providing access to food and understanding the longer-term dietary goals of female athletes are important considerations when recommending a recovery beverage.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2018
Abstract: In Australia, graduates of Master of Public Health (MPH) programs are expected to achieve a set of core competencies, designed to ensure they will be culturally safe practitioners when working with Indigenous communities. This study reviewed a s le of MPH programs to determine the level of integration that has been achieved since these core competencies were developed. In this article, we will focus on the innovative data analysis process used for the reviews. The reviews were undertaken by a national network of leading academics in Indigenous public health, including those from both Indigenous and non-Indigenous backgrounds. As each review team consisted of different members from the network, there was a need to ensure consistency in the data analysis process across all the reviews. The researchers chose to use the Leximancer V4 qualitative software data analysis tool to enhance the validity of the study outcomes. One of the limitations found using this approach was that the Indigenous voice was underrepresented in the output from the software tool hence, a manual thematic analysis was subsequently applied to the discussion threads, to identify themes within the findings. By combining the conceptual and thematic analysis, the research team was able to bridge the gap created by the weaknesses of the two data analysis methods and incorporate both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous worldviews to the interpretation of the findings, while maintaining consistency throughout the review process.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-04-2019
Abstract: Food-based dietary guidelines are designed to support populations to adopt a healthy diet. University students studying nutrition related courses are typically en-route to professional roles that involve advocating a healthy diet. The present study compared the dietary intake of university students enrolled in a foundation nutrition course against the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs) and Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs), and explored students’ experiences of following a 3-day self-determined diet plan adhering to the ADGs/NRVs. Students ( n = 115) initially collected, and subsequently analysed a 3-day prospective diet record to determine food group/nutrient intake. In iduals then modified their diet to comply with recommendations (ADGs/NRVs) and attempted to implement the diet plan. Challenges associated with meeting the ADGs/NRVs were described in an online survey form. Baseline food group and nutrient intakes deviated from the guidelines, with ‘lean meats & alternatives’ the only group consumed in recommended quantities. Students demonstrated the capacity to plan a modified personal diet adhering to the ADGs food group recommendations. However, when following this, several key challenges to dietary adherence were identified. Challenges were categorised as personal/behavioural factors (e.g. the quantity/type of food) and societal factors (e.g. time, cost, social factors). Overall, this study highlights challenges influencing adherence to dietary guidelines in a s le of undergraduate university students. Understanding these factors may help tailor advice to facilitate improved dietary patterns in this population group.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14030507
Abstract: Beverages contribute significantly to dietary intake. Research exploring the impact of beverage types on nutrient intake for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is limited. A secondary analysis of the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2012–2013 (n = 4109) was undertaken. The daily intake, percentage of consumers, and contribution to total nutrient intake was estimated for 12 beverage categories. Beverage intake contributed to 17.4% of total energy, 27.0% of total calcium, 26.3% of total vitamin C, and 46.6% of total sugar intake. The most frequently consumed beverage categories for children (aged 2 to 18 years) were water, fruit juice/drinks, soft drinks, and cordial and for adults, water, tea, coffee and soft drinks. The primary sources of beverages with added sugar were fruit juice/drinks (for children), tea (for people living remotely), coffee (for adults in metropolitan/regional areas) and soft drinks (for everyone). Actions to modify beverage intake to improve health should maintain the positive nutrient attributes of beverage intake. This analysis of a large-scale national dietary survey provides benchmarking of beverage intake to support program and policy development to modify intake where this is determined as a priority by the community.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-11-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-09-2017
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1190015
Abstract: Fatal vision goggles (FVGs) are image-distorting equipment used within driver education programs to simulate alcohol-related impairment. However, there is no empirical evidence comparing the behavioral effects associated with wearing FVGs to alcohol intoxication. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of FVGs in producing alcohol-related impairment in simulated driving. Twenty-two healthy males (age: 23 ± 3 years, mean ± SD) participated in a placebo-controlled crossover design study involving 4 experimental trials. In each trial, participants completed a baseline level simulated driving task followed by an experimental driving task, involving one of 4 treatments: (1) a dose of alcohol designed to elicit 0.080% breath alcohol concentration (BrAC AB), (2) an alcohol placebo beverage (PB), (3) FVG (estimated % blood alcohol concentration [BAC] 0.070-0.100+), and (4) placebo goggles (PGs). The driving tasks included 3 separate scenarios lasting ∼5 min each these were a simple driving scenario, a complex driving scenario, and a hazard perception driving scenario. Selected lateral control parameters (standard deviation of lane position [SDLP] total number of lane crossings [LCs]) and longitudinal control parameters (average speed standard deviation of speed [SDSP] distance headway minimum distance headway) were monitored during the simple and complex driving scenarios. Latency to 2 different stimuli (choice reaction time [CRT]) was tested in the hazard perception driving scenario. Subjective ratings of mood and attitudes toward driving were also provided during each of the trials. Neither placebo treatment influenced simulated driving performance. Mean BrAC was 0.060 ± 0.010% at the time of driving on the AB trial. Lateral control: In the simple driving scenario, SDLP and LC were not affected under any of the experimental treatments. However, in the complex driving scenario, significantly greater SDLP was observed on both the FVG and AB trials compared to their respective baseline drives. LC increased significantly from baseline on the AB trial only. Longitudinal control: Speed was not affected by any of the experimental treatments however, SDSP increased significantly from baseline on the FVG trial. A significant reduction in distance headway and minimum distance headway was detected on the FVG trial compared to baseline. Hazard perception: Neither AB nor FVG trials were influential on CRT. Subjective mood ratings were significantly altered on the AB and FVG trials compared to baseline and placebo conditions. Participants reported reduced willingness and ability to drive under the active treatments (AB and FVG) than the placebo treatments (PB and PG). FVGs may have some utility in replicating alcohol-related impairment on specific driving performance measurements. Hence, the equipment may offer an alternative approach to researching the impact of alcohol intoxication on simulated driving performance among populations where the provision of alcohol would otherwise be unethical (e.g., prelicensed drivers).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2017
Publisher: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2020
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of drinking rate on fluid retention of milk and water following exercise-induced dehydration. In Part A, 12 male participants lost 1.9% ± 0.3% body mass through cycle exercise on four occasions. Following exercise, plain water or low-fat milk equal to the volume of sweat lost during exercise was provided. Beverages were ingested over 30 or 90 min, resulting in four beverage treatments: water 30 min, water 90 min, milk 30 min, and milk 90 min. In Part B, 12 participants (nine males and three females) lost 2.0% ± 0.3% body mass through cycle exercise on four occasions. Following exercise, plain water equal to the volume of sweat lost during exercise was provided. Water was ingested over 15 min (DR15), 45 min (DR45), or 90 min (DR90), with either DR15 or DR45 repeated. In both trials, nude body mass, urine volume, urine specific gravity and osmolality, plasma osmolality, and subjective ratings of gastrointestinal symptoms were obtained preexercise and every hour for 3 hr after the onset of drinking. In Part A, no effect of drinking rate was observed on the proportion of fluid retained, but milk retention was greater ( p .01) than water (water 30 min: 57% ± 16%, water 90 min: 60% ± 20%, milk 30 min: 83% ± 6%, and milk 90 min: 85% ± 7%). In Part B, fluid retention was greater in DR90 (57% ± 13%) than DR15 (50% ± 11%, p .05), but this was within test–retest variation determined from the repeated trials (coefficient of variation: 17%). Within the range of drinking rates investigated the nutrient composition of a beverage has a more pronounced impact on fluid retention than the ingestion rate.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2021
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1933199
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of training volume alterations on ersity and composition of the gut microbiome in a free-living cohort of middle-distance runners. Fourteen highly-trained middle-distance runners (
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JSR.13211
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-05-2022
DOI: 10.1177/02698811221095356
Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD), a major cannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, is widely consumed in prescription and non-prescription products. While CBD is generally considered ‘non-intoxicating’, its effects on safety-sensitive tasks are still under scrutiny. We investigated the effects of CBD on driving performance. Healthy adults ( n = 17) completed four treatment sessions involving the oral administration of a placebo, or 15, 300 or 1500 mg CBD in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Simulated driving performance was assessed between ~45–75 and ~210–240 min post-treatment (Drives 1 and 2) using a two-part scenario with ‘standard’ and ‘car following’ (CF) components. The primary outcome was standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), a well-established measure of vehicular control. Cognitive function, subjective experiences and plasma CBD concentrations were also measured. Non-inferiority analyses tested the hypothesis that CBD would not increase SDLP by more than a margin equivalent to a 0.05% blood alcohol concentration (Cohen’s d z = 0.50). Non-inferiority was established during the standard component of Drive 1 and CF component of Drive 2 on all CBD treatments and during the standard component of Drive 2 on the 15 and 1500 mg treatments (95% CIs 0.5). The remaining comparisons to placebo were inconclusive (the 95% CIs included 0 and 0.50). No dose of CBD impaired cognition or induced feelings of intoxication ( ps 0.05). CBD was unexpectedly found to persist in plasma for prolonged periods of time (e.g. weeks at 1500 mg). Acute, oral CBD treatment does not appear to induce feelings of intoxication and is unlikely to impair cognitive function or driving performance (Registration: ACTRN12619001552178).
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2019
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1547690
Abstract: Smoothies are popular breakfast foods. This study examined the effect of consuming Cereal & Milk (CM) or a nutritionally-comparable Fruit Smoothie (FS) for breakfast on daily energy intake (EI) in free-living adults and the extent to which in iduals compensated for calories ingested in a High Energy Fruit Smoothie (HE). Ten participants (28.4 ± 2.2y 23.3 ± 1.0 kg·m
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12875-022-01946-X
Abstract: Medicinal cannabis (MC) products have been available on prescription in Australia for around six years. General practitioners (GPs) are at the forefront of MC prescribing and recent years have seen substantial increases in prescription numbers. This study examined the current knowledge, experiences, and attitudes of Australian GPs around MC. We also compared our findings to those of an earlier 2017 investigation. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a 42-item on-line questionnaire adapted from our earlier 2017 survey. The current survey was completed by GPs attending an on-line, multi-topic educational seminar. Australian GPs ( n = 505) completed the survey between November 2021 and February 2022. Data were synthesised using descriptive statistics. MC ‘prescribers’ and ‘non-prescribers’ responses were compared using Pearson’s χ2 tests. While most GPs (85.3%) had received patient enquiries about MC during the last three months, only half (52.3%) felt comfortable discussing MC with patients. Around one fifth (21.8%) had prescribed a MC product. GPs strongly supported MC prescribing for palliative care, cancer pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and epilepsy, more so than in our 2017 survey. Prescribing for mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety) and insomnia received less support. Opioids, benzodiazepines, and chemotherapy drugs were rated as more hazardous than MC. GPs correctly endorsed concerns around Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-related driving impairment and drug-seeking behaviour. However, additional concerns endorsed around cannabidiol causing addiction and driving impairment do not agree with current evidence. Consistent with this, many GPs (66.9%) felt they had inadequate knowledge of MC. Acceptance of MC as a treatment option has increased among Australian GPs since 2017. However, there is a clear need for improved training and education of GPs around cannabis-based medicines to provide increased numbers of skilled prescribers in the community.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-08-2021
No related grants have been discovered for Danielle McCartney.