ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2246-0644
Current Organisation
Australian National University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Race and Ethnic Relations | Comparative and Cross-Cultural Education | Sociology | Curriculum and Pedagogy | Psychology | Public Health and Health Services | Epidemiology | Education Assessment and Evaluation | Community Child Health | Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education | Museum Studies | Educational Psychology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Cultural Understanding not elsewhere classified | Communication Across Languages and Culture | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education | Learner Development | Teacher and Instructor Development | Assessment and Evaluation of Curriculum | Social Structure and Health | Child Health | Expanding Knowledge in Education | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Health Inequalities |
Related Links
Publications
Social and emotional outcomes of Australian children from Indigenous and culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2011.00803.X
Abstract: 1) profile the living environments and 2) examine the social and emotional outcomes of Australian children from Indigenous and cultural and linguistically erse (CALD) backgrounds at school entry. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n=4,735). Child mental-health outcomes were measured using parent report of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Significant differences in family and neighbourhood characteristics, including parental income, maternal education, maternal parenting quality and neighbourhood safety, were found in children of Indigenous and CALD backgrounds compared to the reference group of Australian-born, English-speaking children. After controlling for family and neighbourhood characteristics, significant differences in parent-reported SDQ total difficulties were found for Indigenous children. Significant differences in emotional difficulties and peer problems subscales were found for children with overseas-born mothers regardless of English proficiency. Children from Indigenous and CALD backgrounds experience poorer mental health outcomes at school entry than their Australian-born English-speaking peers. They are also more likely to be exposed to risk factors for poor child mental-health outcomes within their family and neighbourhood environments.
Assessing the cultural competence of oral health research conducted with migrant children
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/CDOE.12058
Abstract: Traditional assessment of research quality addresses aspects of scientific rigor, however, ensuring barriers to participation by people of different cultural backgrounds are addressed requires cultural competence. The aim of this research was to assess the cultural competence of oral health research conducted with migrant children. A protocol was developed with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electronic databases were searched from 1995 to 2009. Each study was assessed for cultural competence using the assessment criteria and a template developed as a proof-of-concept approach. Of the 2059 articles identified, 58 met inclusion criteria (n = 48 studies). There were four (8.3%) cohort studies, five (10.4%) intervention studies, 37 (77.1%) quantitative cross-sectional studies, and two (4.2%) were qualitative studies. Overall, migrant children had worse oral health outcomes in all studies compared with their host-country counterparts. All studies rated poorly in the cultural competence assessment. Appropriate inclusion of all potentially vulnerable groups in research will result in better estimates and understandings of oral health, and more reliable recommendations for prevention and management.
The relationship between proxy reported health-related quality of life and parental distress: Gender differences
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-10-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2214.2008.00866.X
Abstract: Although primary caregiver proxy reports of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are often used for healthcare decision making when child self-reports are unable to be collected (because of a variety of reasons such as child illness, disability or age), we have little understanding of the correlates of parent-proxy reports. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental depression and parent-proxy reported QOL for primary caregivers (mothers and fathers), using a multidimensional HRQOL instrument. It was hypothesized that maternal depression would be negatively correlated with maternal reported HRQOL, but that paternal depression would not be correlated with paternal reported HRQOL. Data were from parents of children aged 4-5 years (n = 4983) involved in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A questionnaire assessing parental depression (Kessler-6) and proxy reported HRQOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) was completed by the primary caregiver. For maternal primary caregivers, maternal depression was negatively correlated with all domains of maternal proxy reports of HRQOL (r = -0.24 to r = -0.36). For paternal primary caregivers, there was no relationship between paternal depression and paternal proxy reports of HRQOL. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that maternal depression was a significant predictor of total HRQOL, accounting for 12% of the variance. For paternal mental health, depression did not predict parent-proxy reported total HRQOL. These results highlight the importance of assessing maternal mental health when measuring proxy reported QOL. Further research is needed in this area to examine the relationship between parental depression and proxy reported HRQOL (including both mothers and fathers, where possible), as well as child self-reported HRQOL.
A Human Rights Approach to Childhood Obesity Prevention
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2010
Family day care educators: An exploration of their understanding and experiences promoting children's social and emotional wellbeing
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2012
A systematic review of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and wellbeing for children and young people
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2012.11.031
Abstract: Racial discrimination is increasingly recognised as a determinant of racial and ethnic health inequalities, with growing evidence of strong associations between racial discrimination and adult health outcomes. There is a growing body of literature that considers the effects of racial discrimination on child and youth health. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies that examine relationships between reported racial discrimination and child and youth health. We describe the characteristics of 121 studies identified by a comprehensive search strategy, including definitions and measurements of racial discrimination and the nature of reported associations. Most studies were published in the last seven years, used cross-sectional designs and were conducted in the United States with young people aged 12-18 years. African American, Latino/a, and Asian populations were most frequently included in these studies. Of the 461 associations examined in these studies, mental health outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety) were most commonly reported, with statistically significant associations with racial discrimination found in 76% of outcomes examined. Statistically significant associations were also found for over 50% of associations between racial discrimination and positive mental health (e.g. self esteem, resilience), behaviour problems, wellbeing, and pregnancy/birth outcomes. The field is currently limited by a lack of longitudinal studies, limited psychometrically validated exposure instruments and poor conceptualisation and definition of racial discrimination. There is also a need to investigate the complex and varying pathways by which reported racial discrimination affect child and youth health. Ensuring study quality in this field will allow future research to reveal the complex role that racial discrimination plays as a determinant of child and youth health.
Racism and health among urban Aboriginal young people
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2011
Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health among young people in Victoria, Australia, during COVID‐19 lockdown
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-08-2023
DOI: 10.1002/AJS4.278
Abstract: Racism and discrimination are fundamental determinants of health inequities, with young people particularly vulnerable. Since the onset of the global COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020, reports of racism and discrimination rose sharply. This study examined direct discrimination, vicarious racial discrimination, heightened vigilance, worries about experiencing racial discrimination, COVID‐19‐related stressors and their associations with young people's mental health during COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020. A community‐based, cross‐sectional online survey collected data from 363 young people aged 16–24 years living in Victoria, Australia, of whom 45.3% self‐identified as being from a multicultural background and 3.7% as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. 73.7% reported direct discrimination, 88.9% reported vicarious racial discrimination, 84.3% reported heightened vigilance, and 62.8% reported worries about experiencing racial discrimination. Half (51.3%) of the participants experienced one or two COVID‐19‐related stressors. 53.1% of participants reported moderate‐to‐high levels of distress or negative mood state. Experiences of direct discrimination, vicarious racial discrimination, heightened vigilance, worries about experiencing racial discrimination and multiple COVID‐19‐related stressors (3+) were associated with negative mood state, after adjusting for ethnicity, age, gender and socioeconomic position. Addressing racism and discrimination is critical to addressing health inequities for young people.
Cultural Competence in Public Health
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Sex differences in the sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.1113/JP282327
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to central, peripheral, and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation. Ten women (29 ± 6 years, 22.8 ± 2.4 kg/m 2 : mean ± SD) and 10 men (30 ± 7 years, 24.8 ± 3.2 kg/m 2 ) undertook randomized 5 min breathing trials of: room air (eucapnia), isocapnic hypoxia (10% oxygen (O 2 ) peripheral chemoreflex activation), hypercapnic hyperoxia (7% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), 50% O 2 central chemoreflex activation) and hypercapnic hypoxia (7% CO 2 , 10% O 2 central and peripheral chemoreflex activation). Control trials of isocapnic hyperoxia (peripheral chemoreflex inhibition) and hypocapnic hyperoxia (central and peripheral chemoreflex inhibition) were also included. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA microneurography), mean arterial pressure (MAP finger photoplethysmography) and minute ventilation ( E pneumotachometer) were measured. Total MSNA ( P = 1.000 and P = 0.616), MAP ( P = 0.265) and E ( P = 0.587 and P = 0.472) were not different in men and women during eucapnia and during isocapnic hypoxia. Women exhibited attenuated increases in E during hypercapnic hyperoxia (27.3 ± 6.3 vs . 39.5 ± 7.5 l/min, P 0.0001) and hypercapnic hypoxia (40.9 ± 9.1 vs . 53.8 ± 13.3 l/min, P 0.0001) compared with men. However, total MSNA responses were augmented in women (hypercapnic hyperoxia 378 ± 215 vs . 258 ± 107%, P = 0.017 hypercapnic hypoxia 607 ± 290 vs . 362 ± 268%, P 0.0001). No sex differences in total MSNA, MAP or E were observed during isocapnic hyperoxia and hypocapnic hyperoxia. Our results indicate that young women have augmented sympathetic responses to central chemoreflex activation, which explains the augmented MSNA response to combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation. Sex differences in the control of breathing have been well studied, but whether there are differences in the sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation between healthy women and men is incompletely understood. We observed that, compared with young men, young women displayed augmented increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during both hypercapnic hyperoxia (central chemoreflex activation) and hypercapnic hypoxia (central and peripheral chemoreflex activation) but had attenuated increases in minute ventilation. In contrast, no sex differences were found in either muscle sympathetic nerve activity or minute ventilation responses to isocapnic hypoxia (peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation). Young women have blunted ventilator, but augmented sympathetic responses, to central (hypercapnic hyperoxia) and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation (hypercapnic hypoxia), compared with young men. The possible causative association between the reduced ventilation and heightened sympathetic responses in young women awaits validation.
Evidence synthesis, upstream determinants and health inequalities: the role of a proposed new Cochrane Public Health Review Group
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-02-2008
Central and peripheral chemoreflexes in humans with treated hypertension
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-04-2023
DOI: 10.1113/JP284249
Abstract: Increased peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity is a pathogenic feature of human hypertension (HTN), while both central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are reportedly augmented in animal models of HTN. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that both central and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in HTN. Fifteen HTN participants (68 ± 5 years mean ± SD) and 13 normotensives (NT 65 ± 6 years) performed two modified rebreathing protocols in which the partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide () progressively increased while the partial pressure of end‐tidal oxygen was cl ed at either 150 mmHg (isoxic hyperoxia central chemoreflex activation) or 50 mmHg (isoxic hypoxia combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation). Ventilation ( pneumotachometer) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA microneurography) were recorded, and ventilatory ( vs . slope) and sympathetic (MSNA vs . slope) chemoreflex sensitivities and recruitment thresholds (breakpoint) were calculated. Global cerebral blood flow (gCBF duplex Doppler) was measured, and the association with chemoreflex responses was examined. Central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities were greater in HTN than NT (2.48 ± 1.33 vs . 1.58 ± 0.42 L min −1 mmHg −1 , P = 0.030: 3.32 ± 1.90 vs . 1.77 ± 0.62 a.u. mmHg −1 , P = 0.034, respectively), while recruitment thresholds were not different between groups. HTN and NT had similar combined central and peripheral ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities and recruitment thresholds. A lower gCBF was associated with an earlier recruitment threshold for ( R 2 = 0.666, P 0.0001) and MSNA ( R 2 = 0.698, P = 0.004) during isoxic hyperoxic rebreathing. These findings indicate that central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in human HTN and perhaps suggest that targeting the central chemoreflex may help some forms of HTN. image In human hypertension (HTN) increased peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity has been identified as a pathogenic feature, and in animal models of HTN, both central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are reportedly augmented. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that both central and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in human HTN. We observed that both central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities were augmented in HTN compared to age‐matched normotensive controls, but no difference was found in the combined central and peripheral ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities. During central chemoreflex activation, the ventilatory and sympathetic recruitment thresholds were lower in those with lower total cerebral blood flow. These results indicate a potential contributory role of the central chemoreceptors in the pathogenesis of human HTN and support the possibility that therapeutic targeting of the central chemoreflex may help some forms of HTN.
Indigenous child health research: A critical analysis of Australian studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2009.00339.X
Abstract: To conduct a critical and systematic analysis of descriptive studies regarding the health, development and wellbeing status of Indigenous children in Australia and to map them according to 1) Reported Indigenous involvement in the research process 2) Domains of the life-course model of health and 3) Geographical location of the Indigenous child population s le. A search of electronic databases, targeted websites and reference lists of relevant papers. Studies from 1958 to 2005 with clear methods and results were included. Data were extracted, mapped and analysed according to domains of the life-course model of health and development, study location, and reported level of Indigenous involvement. 217 studies were eligible. Research predominantly addressed physical health (75.1%) with few studies addressing mental health and wellbeing (2.8%) or health determinants (27.6%). Indigenous involvement in the research process was not apparent in 71.4% of studies, although it appears to be increasing. Compared with 10.6% in metropolitan locations, 67.2% of the studies were conducted in very remote areas. Remaining studies were conducted in remote or regional areas or were national. More work is needed to establish an evidence base of Australian Indigenous child health and wellbeing that is founded on Indigenous values, knowledge and participation. Not withstanding the significant need to address issues of core morbidity and physical health for Indigenous children, more research addressing emotional and social health and wellbeing is required, as are research questions of importance to Indigenous children living in urban settings.
Identifying and developing effective approaches to foster intercultural understanding in schools
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
Maternal experiences of ethnic discrimination and child cardiometabolic outcomes in the Study of Latino Youth
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Exposure to adversity and inflammatory outcomes in mid and late childhood
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
The potential of intervening on childhood adversity to reduce socioeconomic inequities in body mass index and inflammation among Australian and UK children: A causal mediation analysis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-08-2023
Abstract: Lower maternal education is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and higher chronic inflammation in offspring. Childhood adversity potentially mediates these associations. We examined the extent to which addressing childhood adversity could reduce socioeconomic inequities in these outcomes. We analysed data from two early-life longitudinal cohorts: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC n=1873) and the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC n=7085). Exposure: low/medium (below university degree) versus high maternal education, as a key indicator of family socioeconomic position (0–1 year). Outcomes: BMI and log-transformed glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) (LSAC: 11–12 years ALSPAC: 15.5 years). Mediator: multiple adversities (≥2/ ) indicated by family violence, mental illness, substance abuse and harsh parenting (LSAC: 2–11 years ALSPAC: 1–12 years). A causal mediation analysis was conducted. Low/medium maternal education was associated with up to 1.03 kg/m 2 higher BMI (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.10) and up to 1.69% higher GlycA (95% CI: 1.68 to 1.71) compared with high maternal education, adjusting for confounders. Causal mediation analysis estimated that decreasing the levels of multiple adversities in children with low/medium maternal education to be like their high maternal education peers could reduce BMI inequalities by up to 1.8% and up to 3.3% in GlycA. Our findings in both cohorts suggest that slight reductions in socioeconomic inequities in children’s BMI and inflammation could be achieved by addressing childhood adversities. Public health and social policy efforts should help those affected by childhood adversity, but also consider underlying socioeconomic conditions that drive health inequities.
Strengths and challenges for Koori Kids: Harder for Koori Kids, Koori Kids Doing Well - Exploring Aboriginal perspectives on social determinants of Aboriginal child health and wellbeing
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Aboriginal perspectives of child health and wellbeing in an urban setting: Developing a conceptual framework
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Mental Health Problems in 4-5-Year-Old Children: Australian Population Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACAP.2009.08.007
Abstract: To describe the extent to which parent- and teacher-reported child mental health problems vary by different indicators of socioeconomic status. Participants were 4-5-year-old children in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Parents (N = 4968) and teacher (N = 3245) completed the 3-4-year-old version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents also reported the socioeconomic indicators of income, education, employment, and family composition (1- vs 2-parent families). Logistic regression models were used to predict SDQ total difficulties and each of the 4 SDQ subscales problems, as reported by parents and by teacher, and considered all putative socioeconomic status (SES) predictor variables simultaneously. The proportions of children scoring in the abnormal range varied according to SES indicator and mental health subscale. All of the SES indicators independently predicted parent-reported child mental health problems, although odds ratios were generally small to moderate (1.2 to 2.4), and not all reached statistical significance. Low income and parent education showed larger associations than sole parenthood or unemployment. The pattern for teachers was similar, though less consistent. Behavioral problems showed stronger associations with social disadvantage than emotional problems. Research examining pathways to young children's mental health should include erse measures of SES, particularly of family income and education. The fact that mental health problems were most strongly associated with parent education and income should be of interest to policy makers because education and income reflect investments in the lives of our participants' parents during their own childhood and adolescence.
‘Motor Magic’: Evaluation of a community capacity‐building approach to supporting the development of preschool children
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2006
Effects over time of self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination on depressive symptoms and loneliness among Australian school students
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2017
A systematic review of the extent and measurement of healthcare provider racism
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2014
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Examining the Relationship Between Reported Racism and Health and Wellbeing for Children and Adolescents
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 04-12-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.02.20243022
Abstract: There is a growing body of research showing associations between experiences of racism and poor health and wellbeing outcomes for children and adolescents. The aim of this review protocol is to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al. 2013, including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and adolescent health will be negatively impacted by racism. This review will provide updated evidence of effect sizes across outcomes and identify moderators and mediators of relationships. This systematic review and meta-analysis will include studies that explore associations between experiences of racism and racial dissemination with health outcomes of children and adolescents aged 0- 24 years of age from any racial/ethnic/cultural group. Outcome measures include general health and wellbeing, physical health, mental health, healthcare utilisation and health behaviours. Exposure measures include self- reported and proxy reported personal experiences of racism and reported experiences of vicarious racism. The authors will conduct a comprehensive search of studies from the earliest time available to September 2020. All relevant studies will be screened with data extraction, quality appraisal and publication bias conducted independently by at least two authors. This review will provide evidence for future research within the field and help to support policy and practice development. Results from this systematic review and meta-analysis will be widely disseminated to both academic and non-academic audiences. Ethics approval is not required as this is a review of existing empirical findings. - This is an updated systematic review which aims to update the findings from the first international review conducted by Priest et al. 2013. However, it is the first meta-analysis to be conducted exploring the relationship between racism and health in child and adolescent from all ethnic/racial/cultural backgrounds. - This systematic review will show the health effects of racial discrimination on child and adolescent health, the key pathways by which racial discrimination influences these outcomes and identify potential moderators and mediators. - Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis will be used to provide recommendations for future research and inform the development of effective evidence-based strategies for addressing racism and ameliorating its harmful effects. - This systematic review has a bias towards papers published in English as this review will only search studies published in English, meaning that studies not-published in English will not be included in this review. By doing so this review may not include all findings of all relevant studies.
Assessment of applicability and transferability of evidence-based antenatal interventions to the Australian indigenous setting
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-06-2011
Abstract: There is a need for public health interventions to be based on the best available evidence. Unfortunately, well-conducted studies from settings similar to that in which an intervention is to be implemented are often not available. Therefore, health practitioners are forced to make judgements about proven effective interventions in one setting and their suitability to make a difference in their own setting. The framework of Wang et al. has been proposed to help with this process. This paper provides a case study on the application of the framework to a decision-making process regarding antenatal care in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Queensland. This method involved undertaking a systematic search of the current available evidence, then conducting a second literature search to determine factors that may affect the applicability and transferability of these interventions into these communities. Finally, in consideration of these factors, clinical judgement decisions on the applicability and transferability of these interventions were made. This method identified several interventions or strategies for which there was evidence of improving antenatal care or outcomes. By using the framework, we concluded that several of these effective interventions would be feasible in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities within Queensland.
Supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families to Stay Together from the Start (SAFeST Start): Urgent call to action to address crisis in infant removals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-01-2022
DOI: 10.1002/AJS4.200
Abstract: Reducing the rate of over‐representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out‐of‐home care (OOHC) is a key Closing the Gap target committed to by all Australian governments. Current strategies are failing. The “gap” is widening, with the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in OOHC at 30 June 2020 being 11 times that of non‐Indigenous children. Approximately, one in five Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children entering OOHC each year are younger than one year. These figures represent compounding intergenerational trauma and institutional harm to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities. This article outlines systemic failures to address the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents during pregnancy and following birth, causing cumulative harm and trauma to families, communities and cultures. Major reform to child and family notification and service systems, and significant investment to address this crisis, is urgently needed. The Family Matters Building Blocks and five elements of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle (Prevention, Participation, Partnership, Placement and Connection) provide a transformative foundation to address historical, institutional, well‐being and socioeconomic drivers of current catastrophic trajectories. The time for action is now.
Issues and challenges for systematic reviews in indigenous health
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-12-2009
Abstract: This essay outlines key issues raised during a project that aimed to (1) identify the gaps in the international evidence base of systematic reviews of intervention effectiveness relevant to public health decision making to address health inequalities experienced by indigenous people, and (2) identify priority areas and topics for future reviews. A number of indigenous researchers and clinicians invited to participate in the project expressed reservations about the appropriateness and value of conventional systematic reviews of intervention evidence to indigenous health. Ensuring that systematic review methods for indigenous health research meet the needs of those that use them, including indigenous communities themselves, needs to be a key area of ongoing work. The public health group within the Cochrane Collaboration has recognised this as a priority area and initiated exploration of these issues.
Measuring Positive Childhood Experiences: Testing the Structural and Predictive Validity of the Health Outcomes From Positive Experiences (HOPE) Framework
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACAP.2021.11.003
Abstract: Positive childhood experiences (PCEs), that occur within secure and nurturing social environments, are fundamental to healthy physical, social-emotional, and cognitive development. However, reliable measures of these experiences are not yet widely available. We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) to empirically represent and psychometrically evaluate 3 primary domains of PCEs defined within the Health Outcomes from Positive Experiences (HOPE) framework, specifically: 1) nurturing and supportive relationships 2) safe and protective environments and 3) constructive social engagement and connectedness. LSAC is a nationally representative cohort that has followed young Australians from birth since 2004. LSAC data were used to represent the 3 primary HOPE-PCEs domains (birth to 11 years) across 4 inter-related PCEs constructs: 1) positive parenting, 2) trusting and supportive relationships, 3) supportive neighborhood and home learning environments, and 4) social engagement and enjoyment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the proposed 4-factor structure. Predictive validity was examined through associations with mental health problems and academic difficulties at 14 to 15 years. The 4-factor structure was supported by empirical data at each time point. Higher exposure to PCEs across each domain was associated with lower reporting of mental health problems (β = -0.20 to -2.05) and academic difficulties (β = -0.01 to -0.13) in adolescence. The 4 LSAC-based HOPE-PCEs have sufficient internal coherence and predictive validity to offer a potentially useful way of conceptualizing and measuring PCEs in future cohort studies and intervention trials aiming to enhance the understanding of, and mitigate the negative impacts of, adverse childhood experiences.
Exploring relationships between racism, housing and child illness in remote indigenous communities
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 30-11-2010
Abstract: Although racism is increasingly acknowledged as a determinant of health, few studies have examined the relationship between racism, housing and child health outcomes. Cross-sectional data from the Housing Improvement and Child Health study collected in ten remote indigenous communities in the Northern Territory, Australia were analysed using hierarchical logistic regression. Carer and householder self-reported racism was measured using a single item and child illness was measured using a carer report of common childhood illnesses. A range of confounders, moderators and mediators were considered, including socio-demographic and household composition, psychosocial measures for carers and householders, community environment, and health-related behaviour and hygienic state of environment. Carer self-reported racism was significantly associated with child illness in this s le after adjusting for confounders (OR 1.65 95% CI 1.09 to 2.48). Carer negative affect balance was identified as a significant mediator of this relationship. Householder self-reported racism was marginally significantly associated with child illness in this s le after adjusting for confounders (OR 1.43 95% CI 0.94 to 2.18, p=0.09). Householder self-reported drug use was identified as a significant mediator of this relationship. Consistent with evidence from adult populations and children from other ethnic minorities, this study found that vicarious racism is associated with poor health outcomes among an indigenous child population.
Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Date: 07-10-2008
Stereotyping across intersections of race and age: Racial stereotyping among White adults working with children
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-09-2018
Laptop computers and children with disabilities: Factors influencing success
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2001
‘Motor Magic’: Evaluation of a community capacity‐building approach to supporting the development of preschool children (Part 2)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2006
The effect of adverse and positive experiences on inflammatory markers in Australian and UK children
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and well-being for children and youth: a protocol
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-043722
Abstract: Racism is a critical determinant of health and health inequities for children and youth. This protocol aims to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al (2013), including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and youth health will be negatively impacted by racism. Findings from this review will provide updated evidence of effect sizes across outcomes and identify moderators and mediators of relationships between racism and health. This systematic review and meta-analysis will include studies that examine associations between experiences of racism and racial discrimination with health outcomes of children and youth aged 0–24 years. Exposure measures include self-reported or proxy reported systemic, interpersonal and intrapersonal racism. Outcome measures include general health and well-being, physical health, mental health, biological markers, healthcare utilisation and health behaviours. A comprehensive search of studies from the earliest time available to October 2020 will be conducted. A random effects meta-analysis will examine the average effect of racism on a range of health outcomes. Study-level moderation will test the difference in effect sizes with regard to various s le and exposure characteristics. This review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. This review will provide evidence for future research within the field and help to support policy and practice development. Results will be widely disseminated to both academic and non-academic audiences through peer-review publications, community summaries and presentations to research, policy, practice and community audiences. CRD42020184055.
Racial discrimination and socioemotional and sleep problems in a cross-sectional survey of Australian school students
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 28-07-2020
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2020-318875
Abstract: To determine the prevalence of direct and vicarious racial discrimination experiences from peer, school and societal sources, and examine associations between these experiences and socioemotional and sleep outcomes. Data were analysed from a population representative cross-sectional study of n=4664 school students in years 5–9 (10–15 years of age) in Australia. Students reported direct experiences of racial discrimination from peers, school and societal sources vicarious discrimination was measured according to the frequency of witnessing other students experiences of racial discrimination. Students self-reported on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with the total difficulties, conduct, emotional and prosocial behaviour subscales examined. Sleep problems included duration, latency, and disruption. 41.56% (95% CI 36.18 to 47.15) of students reported experiences of direct racial discrimination Indigenous and ethnic minority students reported the highest levels. 70.15% (95% CI 63.83 to 75.78) of students reported vicarious racial discrimination. Direct and vicarious experiences of racial discrimination were associated with socioemotional adjustment (eg, for total difficulties, total direct racism: beta=3.77, 95% CI 3.11 to 4.44 vicarious racism: beta=2.51, 95% CI 2.00 to 3.03). Strong evidence was also found for an effect of direct and vicarious discrimination on sleep (eg, for sleep duration, total direct: beta=−21.04, 95% CI −37.67 to −4.40 vicarious: beta=−9.82, 95% CI −13.78 to −5.86). Experiences of direct and vicarious racial discrimination are common for students from Indigenous and ethnic minority backgrounds, and are associated with socioemotional and sleep problems in adolescence. Racism and racial discrimination are critically important to tackle as social determinants of health for children and adolescents.
How does the social environment become embodied to influence health and health inequalities?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP120200319
Start Date: 12-2012
End Date: 06-2016
Amount: $405,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP190100921
Start Date: 04-2021
End Date: 04-2024
Amount: $475,014.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP120100080
Start Date: 06-2012
End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $175,242.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Indigenous - Grant ID: IN130100051
Start Date: 06-2013
End Date: 12-2017
Amount: $410,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP140100413
Start Date: 07-2014
End Date: 12-2019
Amount: $520,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity