ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4553-0198
Current Organisation
Zhejiang University
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Neurocognitive Patterns and Neural Networks | Cognitive Science | Computer Perception, Memory and Attention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-012-3274-6
Abstract: It has recently been demonstrated that there are independent sensory and motor mechanisms underlying inhibition of return (IOR) when measured with oculomotor responses (Wang et al. in Exp Brain Res 218:441-453, 2012). However, these results are seemingly in conflict with previous empirical results which led to the proposal that there are two mutually exclusive flavors of IOR (Taylor and Klein in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 26:1639-1656, 2000). The observed differences in empirical results across these studies and the theoretical frameworks that were proposed based on the results are likely due to differences in the experimental designs. The current experiments establish that the existence of additive sensory and motor contributions to IOR do not depend on target type, repeated spatiotopic stimulation, attentional control settings, or a temporal gap between fixation offset and cue onset, when measured with saccadic responses. Furthermore, our experiments show that the motor mechanism proposed by Wang et al. in Exp Brain Res 218:441-453, (2012) is likely restricted to the oculomotor system, since the additivity effect does not carry over into the manual response modality.
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 14-09-2016
DOI: 10.1167/16.11.12
Abstract: Studies of visual working memory (VWM) have reported that different features belonging to the same object (conjunctions) are better retained than the same features belonging to spatially separated objects (disjunctions). This conjunction benefit has been taken as evidence for the theory that VWM representations are object-based. However, compared to separate features, conjunctions also occupy fewer locations. Here we tested the alternative hypothesis that the conjunction benefit reflects a spatial-based rather than an object-based advantage. Experiment 1 shows a clear VWM conjunction benefit for spatially laid out displays of memory items. However, when the same items were presented sequentially at one location (i.e., location was noninformative), memory performance was equivalent for conjunction and disjunction conditions. Experiment 2 shows that only when the probe carries spatial information (i.e., it matches the location of the memory item) does a conjunction benefit occur. Taken together, these results put important boundaries on object-based theories of VWM.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.VISRES.2009.11.013
Abstract: Studies that followed the covert and overt probe-following-search paradigms of Klein (1988) and Klein and MacInnes (1999) to explore inhibition of return (IOR) in search are analyzed and evaluated. An IOR effect is consistently observed when the search display (or scene) remains visible when probing and lasts for at least 1000ms or about four previous inspected items (or locations). These findings support the idea that IOR facilitates foraging by discouraging orienting toward previously examined regions and items. Methodological and conceptual issues are discussed leading to methodological recommendations and suggestions for experimentation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2012
DOI: 10.3758/S13423-012-0226-X
Abstract: Inhibition of return (IOR) is an orienting phenomenon characterized by slower responses to spatially cued than to uncued targets. In Experiment 1, a physically small digit that required identification was presented immediately following a peripheral cue. The digit could appear in the cued peripheral box or in the central box, thus guaranteeing a saccadic response to the cue in one condition and maintenance of fixation in the other. An IOR effect was observed when a saccadic response to the cue was required, but IOR was not generated by the peripheral cue when fixation was maintained in order to process the central digit. In Experiment 2, IOR effects were observed when participants were instructed to ignore the digits, whether those digits were presented in the periphery or at fixation. These findings suggest that behaviorally manifested, cue-induced IOR effects can be eliminated by focal spatial attentional control settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2017
DOI: 10.3758/S13423-017-1410-9
Abstract: An inhibitory after-effect of attention, frequently referred to as inhibition of return (IOR), operates at a previously attended location to discourage perseverative orienting. Using the classic cueing task, previous work has shown that IOR is not restricted to a previously attended location, but rather spreads to adjacent visual space in a graded manner. The present study expands on this earlier work by exploring a wider visual region and a broader range of cue-target onset asynchronies (CTOAs) to characterize the temporal dynamics of the IOR gradient. The results reveal that the magnitude of IOR generated by cueing decreases exponentially as the CTOA increases. The width of the IOR gradient first increases and then decreases, with a temporal profile that is well captured by an alpha function. Importantly, the present study reveals that in addition to its rapidly decaying local properties, cue-induced IOR can include a pervasive inhibitory bias, which remains relatively stable across IOR's lifetime.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEULET.2014.06.050
Abstract: Inhibition of return (IOR) commonly refers to the effect of prolonged response times to targets at previously attended locations. It is a well-documented fact that IOR is not restricted to previously attended locations, but rather has a spatial gradient. Based on a myriad of manual/saccadic dissociations, many researchers now believe that there are at least two forms of IOR completely dissociable on the basis of response type. The present study evaluated whether these two forms of IOR are encoded in similar representations of space. Across a range of conditions, there was little indication that the two forms could be differentiated on the basis of their spatial distributions. Furthermore, the present study also found that the gradient of IOR was steepest for cues appearing nearest fixation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8TA11646F
Abstract: WO 3 /graphene composite minimizes the polysulfide dissolution problem in the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery systems while exhibiting an excellent battery performance.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 09-07-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.3758/APP.72.1.76
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA.2020.107343
Abstract: Developmental dyslexia is known to involve dysfunctions in multiple brain regions however, a clear understanding of the brain networks behind this disorder is still lacking. The present study examined the functional network connectivity in Chinese dyslexic children with resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. EEG data were recorded from 27 dyslexic children and 40 age-matched controls, and a minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis was performed to examine the network connectivity in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. The results show that, compared to age-matched controls, Chinese dyslexic children had global network deficiencies in the beta band, and the network topology was more path-like. Moderate correlations are observed between MST degree metric and rapid automatized naming and morphological awareness tests. These observations, together with the findings in alphabetic languages, show that brain network deficiency is a common neural underpinning of dyslexia across writing systems.
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 22-08-2014
DOI: 10.1167/14.10.38
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-12-2019
Abstract: Stimuli related to the self are processed more efficiently in a variety of cognitive tasks. Recent studies have shown that this self-referential processing bias is modulated by emotion. However, a clear understanding of how emotional valence and arousal affect self-referential processing is still lacking. With a label–shape matching task, Experiment 1 measured a self-prioritisation effect in four different mood states. The results revealed stronger self-prioritisation effects in moods with higher arousal levels and a reliable correlation between the self-prioritisation effect and the arousal level reported by the participants however, the effect of emotional valence was not statistically reliable. Experiment 2 further showed that alerting cues, known to raise arousal level, effectively increased the self-prioritisation effect in the same label–shape matching task. Experiment 3 clarified that alerting cues do not affect reward processing in a similar label–shape matching task, suggesting that arousal may selectively modulate self-referential processing. These observations provide clear evidence that emotional arousal modulates self-referential processing.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2012
DOI: 10.3758/S13414-012-0312-1
Abstract: When, in relation to the execution of an eye movement, does the recoding of visual information from retinotopic to spatiotopic coordinates happen? Two laboratories seeking to answer this question using oculomotor inhibition of return (IOR) have generated different answers: Mathôt and Theeuwes (Psychological Science 21:1793-1798, 2010) found evidence for the initial coding of IOR to be retinotopic, while Pertzov, Zohary, and Avidan (Journal of Neuroscience 30:8882-8887, 2010) found evidence for spatiotopic IOR at even shorter postsaccadic intervals than were tested by Mathôt and Theeuwes (Psychological Science 21:1793-1798, 2010). To resolve this discrepancy, we conducted two experiments that combined the methods of the previous two studies while testing as early as possible. We found early spatiotopic IOR in both experiments, suggesting that visual events, including prior fixations, are typically coded into an abstract, allocentric representation of space either before or during eye movements. This type of coding enables IOR to encourage orienting toward novelty and, consequently, to perform the role of a foraging facilitator.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.VISRES.2012.03.024
Abstract: Contrary to human intuition, saccades (rapid eye movements) rarely go directly to their intended destination, but instead typically deviate from the optimal track. Previous studies have demonstrated that saccades may deviate toward or away from irrelevant distractors. Deviation toward distractors is generally explained with theories of "population coding", while deviation away from distractors is believed to be caused by top-down inhibition at the distractor location. With a Mexican-hat shaped lateral interaction kernel, we successfully simulated both deviation toward and away from distractors using a neural field model of the superior colliculus (SC). Our findings suggest that top-down inhibition of the SC is not necessary for the generation of saccade deviations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-015-4286-9
Abstract: It is currently unclear whether a person's own face has greater capacity in absorbing his/her attention than faces of others. With two visual distractor tasks, the present study assessed the extent to which a person's own face attracts his/her attention, by measuring face distractor elicited distortion of saccade trajectories. Experiment 1 showed that upright faces induced stronger distortion of saccade trajectories than inverted ones. This face inversion effect, however, was not stronger for the participant's own face than for unfamiliar other's faces. By manipulating fixation stimulus offset and using peripheral onset target, Experiment 2 further demonstrated that these observations were not contingent on saccade latency. Together, these findings suggest that a person's own face is not more salient or attention-absorbing than unfamiliar other's faces.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2021
DOI: 10.3758/S13423-021-01893-1
Abstract: How does the brain maintain spatial attention despite the retinal displacement of objects by saccades? A possible solution is to use the vector of an upcoming saccade to compensate for the shift of objects on eye-centered (retinotopic) brain maps. In support of this hypothesis, previous studies have revealed attentional effects at the future retinal locus of an attended object, just before the onset of saccades. A critical yet unresolved theoretical issue is whether predictively remapped attentional effects would persist long enough on eye-centered brain maps, so no external input (goal, expectation, reward, memory, etc.) is needed to maintain spatial attention immediately following saccades. The present study examined this issue with inhibition of return (IOR), an attentional effect that reveals itself in both world-centered and eye-centered coordinates, and predictively remaps before saccades. In the first task, a saccade was introduced to a cueing task ("nonreturn-saccade task") to show that IOR is coded in world-centered coordinates following saccades. In a second cueing task, two consecutive saccades were executed to trigger remapping and to dissociate the retinal locus relevant to remapping from the cued retinal locus ("return-saccade" task). IOR was observed at the remapped retinal locus 430-ms following the (first) saccade that triggered remapping. A third cueing task ("no-remapping" task) further revealed that the lingering IOR effect left by remapping was not confounded by the attention spillover. These results together show that predictive remapping leaves a robust attentional trace on eye-centered brain maps. This retinotopic trace is sufficient to sustain spatial attention for a few hundred milliseconds following saccades.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.12245
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CONCOG.2022.103322
Abstract: Attention flexibly shifts between spatial locations to accommodate task demands. The present study examined if the dynamics of attentional shifting are seen in microsaccades whose direction has been shown to accompany the shifts of covert attention. In a spatial cueing task, the cue predicted the target location on 100%, 75%, or 50% of the trials. The results revealed that microsaccade rate and litude were both reduced following cue onset and then rebounded. Both microsaccade rate and litude were biased towards the opposite direction of the cue and then returned to the cued direction. Importantly, the cue validity modulated the temporal profile of microsaccade litude but had little impact on the temporal profile of microsaccade rate. In line with this, the cueing effect measured with target response accuracy was correlated with the microsaccade litude only. These results indicate that the temporal dynamics of microsaccade litude reflect shifting of covert attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2016
DOI: 10.3758/S13414-016-1079-6
Abstract: With two cueing tasks, in the present study we examined output-based inhibitory cueing effects (ICEs) with manual responses to arrow targets following manual or saccadic responses to arrow cues. In all experiments, ICEs were observed when manual localization responses were required to both the cues and targets, but only when the cue-target onset asynchrony (CTOA) was 2,000 ms or longer. In contrast, when saccadic responses were made in response to the cues, ICEs were only observed with CTOAs of 2,000 ms or less-and only when an auditory cue-back signal was used. The present study also showed that the magnitude of ICEs following saccadic responses to arrow cues decreased with time, much like traditional inhibition-of-return effects. The magnitude of ICEs following manual responses to arrow cues, however, appeared later in time and had no sign of decreasing even 3 s after cue onset. These findings suggest that ICEs linked to skeletomotor activation do exist and that the ICEs evoked by oculomotor activation can carry over to the skeletomotor system.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1002/DYS.1541
Abstract: Reading depends heavily on the efficient shift of attention. Mounting evidence has suggested that dyslexics have deficits in covert attentional shift. However, it remains unclear whether dyslexics also have deficits in overt attentional shift. With the majority of relevant studies carried out in alphabetic writing systems, it is also unknown whether the attentional deficits observed in dyslexics are restricted to a particular writing system. The present study examined inhibition of return (IOR)-a major driving force of attentional shifts-in dyslexic children learning to read a logographic script (i.e., Chinese). Robust IOR effects were observed in both covert and overt attentional tasks in two groups of typically developing children, who were age- or reading ability-matched to the dyslexic children. In contrast, the dyslexic children showed IOR in the overt but not in the covert attentional task. We conclude that covert attentional shift is selectively impaired in dyslexic children. This impairment is not restricted to alphabetic writing systems, and it could be a significant contributor to the difficulties encountered by children learning to read. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-08-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.VISRES.2011.02.013
Abstract: Inhibition of return (IOR) is an orienting phenomenon characterized by slower behavioral responses to spatially cued, relative to uncued targets, when the cue-target onset asynchronies (CTOAs) are long enough that cue-elicited attentional capture has dispersed. Here, we implement a short-term depression (STD) account of IOR within a neuroscientifically based dynamic neural field model (DNF) of the superior colliculus (SC). In addition to the prototypical findings in the cue-target paradigm (i.e., the biphasic pattern of behavioral enhancement at short CTOAs and behavioral costs at long CTOAs), a variety of findings in the literature are generated with this model, including IOR in averaging saccades and the co-existence of IOR and endogenous orienting at the same location. Many findings that cannot be accommodated by this model could be accounted for by incorporating cortical contributions.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEULET.2012.07.003
Abstract: Inhibition of return (IOR) is thought to reflect a mechanism that biases orienting which, under some circumstances, reduces perceptual processing at previously processed locations. Studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have generally revealed that IOR is accompanied by an litude reduction of early sensory ERP components (e.g., P1). While behavioral studies suggest that IOR may be represented in both spatiotopic and retinotopic coordinates, all previous ERP studies have used the prototypical spatial cueing paradigm and have thus confounded retinotopic and spatiotopic reference frames. Because of this confound it is unknown whether the P1 reduction that has been associated with IOR will be observed in retinotopic or spatiotopic coordinates when these are dissociated. The current experiment investigated whether the P1 component would be modulated by IOR when the retinotopic and spatiotopic reference frames were dissociated by an eye movement between cue and target onset. Strong spatiotopic IOR was found to be accompanied by a negative difference (Nd) in the 200-300 ms time window, while a P1 reduction was absent, suggesting that P1 reductions do not provide an accurate reflection of IOR.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP16586
Abstract: Inhibition of return (IOR), typically explored in cueing paradigms, is a performance cost associated with previously attended locations and has been suggested as a crucial attentional mechanism that biases orientation towards novelty. In their seminal IOR paper, Posner and Cohen (1984) showed that IOR is coded in spatiotopic or environment-centered coordinates. Recent studies, however, have consistently reported IOR effects in both spatiotopic and retinotopic (eye-centered) coordinates. One overlooked methodological confound of all previous studies is that the spatial gradient of IOR is not considered when selecting the baseline for estimating IOR effects. This methodological issue makes it difficult to tell if the IOR effects reported in previous studies were coded in retinotopic or spatiotopic coordinates, or in both. The present study addresses this issue with the incorporation of no-cue trials to a modified cueing paradigm in which the cue and target are always intervened by a gaze-shift. The results revealed that a) IOR is indeed coded in both spatiotopic and retinotopic coordinates and b) the methodology of previous work may have underestimated spatiotopic and retinotopic IOR effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2013
DOI: 10.3758/S13414-012-0381-1
Abstract: Taylor and Klein (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 26:1639-1656, 2000) discovered two mutually exclusive "flavors" of inhibition of return (IOR): When the oculomotor system is "actively suppressed," IOR affects input processes (the perception/attention flavor), whereas when the oculomotor system is "engaged," IOR affects output processes (the motor flavor). Studies of brain activity with ignored cues have typically reported that IOR reduces an early sensory event-related potential (ERP) component (i.e., the P1 component) of the brain's response to the target. Since eye movements were discouraged in these experiments, the P1 reduction might be a reflection of the perception/attention flavor of IOR. If, instead of ignoring the cue, participants made a prosaccade to the cue (and then returned to fixation) before responding to the target, the motor flavor of IOR should then be generated. We compared these two conditions while monitoring eye position and recording ERPs to the targets. If the P1 modulation is related to the perceptual/attentional flavor of IOR, we hypothesized that it might be absent when the motoric flavor of IOR was generated by a prosaccade to the cue. Our results demonstrated that target-related P1 reductions and behavioral IOR were similar, and significant, in both conditions. However, P1 modulations were significantly correlated with behavioral IOR only when the oculomotor system was actively suppressed, suggesting that P1 modulations may only affect behaviorally exhibited IOR when the attentional erceptual flavor of IOR is recruited.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-012-3033-8
Abstract: We propose two explicit mechanisms contributing to oculomotor inhibition of return (IOR): sensory and motor. Sensory mechanism: repeated visual stimulation results in a reduction in visual input to the superior colliculus (SC) consequently, saccades to targets that appear at previously stimulated retinotopic locations will have longer latencies than those that appear at unstimulated locations. Motor mechanism: the execution of a saccade results in asymmetric activation in the SC as a result, saccades that reverse vectors will have longer latencies than those that repeat vectors. In the IOR literature, these two mechanisms correspond to IOR effects observed following covert exogenous orienting and overt endogenous orienting, respectively. We predict that these two independent mechanisms will have additive effects, a prediction that is confirmed in a behavioral experiment. We then discuss how our theory and findings relate to the oculomotor IOR literature.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-03-2019
DOI: 10.1002/DYS.1609
Abstract: Previous work has shown that inefficient attentional orienting is likely a causal factor for dyslexia however, the nature of this attentional dysfunction remains unclear. The process of attentional orienting is characterized by an early facilitation effect, resulting from the successful engagement of attention, and a later inhibitory effect-frequently referred to as inhibition of return (IOR)-which encourages attentional disengagement and facilitates efficient visual s ling. The present study examined the time course of attentional orienting in dyslexic and typically developing children, by parametrically manipulating the cue-target onset asynchronies in a spatial cueing task. Experiment 1 revealed an early facilitation effect in dyslexic children, suggesting that they have no issue in engaging attention to salient spatial locations. However, contrast to both age-matched and reading level-matched healthy controls, no reliable IOR effect was observed in dyslexic children, suggesting that they have difficulties in disengaging attention. When a second cue was presented to encourage attentional disengagement in Experiment 2, reliable IOR effects were observed in the same group of dyslexic children, and importantly, the onset time of IOR was comparable with that in healthy controls. These results clearly show a selective impairment of attentional disengagement in dyslexic children and provide a solid empirical basis for intervention programmes focusing on attentional shifting.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-12-2014
Publisher: MIT Press
Date: 05-01-2022
DOI: 10.1162/JOCN_A_01792
Abstract: Both spatial and temporal context play an important role in visual perception and behavior. Humans can extract statistical regularities from both forms of context to help process the present and to construct expectations about the future. Numerous studies have found reduced neural responses to expected stimuli compared with unexpected stimuli, for both spatial and temporal regularities. However, it is largely unclear whether and how these forms of context interact. In the current fMRI study, 33 human volunteers were exposed to pairs of object stimuli that could be expected or surprising in terms of their spatial and temporal context. We found reliable independent contributions of both spatial and temporal context in modulating the neural response. Specifically, neural responses to stimuli in expected compared with unexpected contexts were suppressed throughout the ventral visual stream. These results suggest that both spatial and temporal context may aid sensory processing in a similar fashion, providing evidence on how different types of context jointly modulate perceptual processing.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-05-2019
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1037/XLM0000295
Abstract: Recent empirical and theoretical work suggests that visual features such as color and orientation can be stored or retrieved independently in visual working memory (VWM), even in cases when they belong to the same object. Yet it remains unclear whether different feature dimensions have their own capacity limits, or whether they compete for shared but limited resources in VWM. In 3 experiments, participants memorized arrays of dual-feature objects, for which the number of feature values was fixed on one feature dimension and was varied on the other feature dimension. The results show that memory performance on the fixed dimension was not affected by the number of to-be-stored feature values on the other. These findings provide converging evidence that visual features can be encoded and stored separately in VWM if the task requires it, with each having its own capacity limit and little cross-dimensional interference. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/S23073475
Abstract: Drowsiness poses a serious challenge to road safety and various in-cabin sensing technologies have been experimented with to monitor driver alertness. Cameras offer a convenient means for contactless sensing, but they may violate user privacy and require complex algorithms to accommodate user (e.g., sunglasses) and environmental (e.g., lighting conditions) constraints. This paper presents a lightweight convolution neural network that measures eye closure based on eye images captured by a wearable glass prototype, which features a hot mirror-based design that allows the camera to be installed on the glass temples. The experimental results showed that the wearable glass prototype, with the neural network in its core, was highly effective in detecting eye blinks. The blink rate derived from the glass output was highly consistent with an industrial gold standard EyeLink eye-tracker. As eye blink characteristics are sensitive measures of driver drowsiness, the glass prototype and the lightweight neural network presented in this paper would provide a computationally efficient yet viable solution for real-world applications.
Start Date: 2017
End Date: 2019
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 03-2017
Amount: $345,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity