Wulf Rössler

Global pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination against people with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional survey

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61817-6

Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: Analyses of 1,182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA Schizotypy working group

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 28-11-2022

DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.22.22282598

Abstract: Schizotypy represents an index of psychosis-proneness in the general population often associated with childhood trauma exposure. Both schizotypy and childhood trauma are linked to structural brain alterations, and it is possible that trauma exposure moderates the extent of brain morphological differences associated with schizotypy. We addressed this question using data from a total of 1,182 healthy adults (age range: 18-65 years old, 647 females/535 males), pooled from nine sites worldwide, contributing to the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Schizotypy working group. All participants completed both the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief version (SPQ-B), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and underwent a 3D T1-weighted brain MRI scan from which regional indices of subcortical grey matter volume and cortical thickness were determined. A series of multiple linear regressions revealed that differences in cortical thickness in four regions-of-interest were significantly associated with interactions between schizotypy and trauma subsequent moderation analyses indicated that increasing levels of schizotypy were associated with thicker left caudal anterior cingulate gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and insula, and thinner left caudal middle frontal gyrus, in people exposed to higher (but not low or average) levels of childhood trauma. This was found in the context of thicker bilateral medial orbitofrontal gyri, right rostral anterior cingulate gyrus, left temporal pole, left insula, and thinner left paracentral lobule directly associated with increasing levels of schizotypy. In addition, thinner left postcentral, superior parietal and lingual gyri, as well as thicker left caudal middle frontal gyrus and smaller left thalamus and right caudate were associated with increasing levels of childhood trauma exposure. These results suggest that alterations in brain regions critical for higher cognitive and integrative processes that are associated with schizotypy may be enhanced in in iduals exposed to high levels of trauma.

DECOMPOSITION THEOREMS FOR AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF TREES

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 20-05-2020

DOI: 10.1017/S0004972720000465

Abstract: Motivated by the Bruhat and Cartan decompositions of general linear groups over local fields, we enumerate double cosets of the group of label-preserving automorphisms of a label-regular tree over the fixator of an end of the tree and over maximal compact open subgroups. This enumeration is used to show that every continuous homomorphism from the automorphism group of a label-regular tree has closed range.

Multimodal Machine Learning Workflows for Prediction of Psychosis in Patients With Clinical High-Risk Syndromes and Recent-Onset Depression

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2020.3604

Sleep Disturbances and Suicidality-A Longitudinal Analysis From a Representative Community Study Over 30 Years.

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 16-07-2018

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2018.00320

Visual experience and age affect synaptic organization in the mushroom bodies of the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1002/DNEU.20785

Abstract: Desert ants of the genus Cataglyphis undergo an age-related polyethism from interior workers involved in brood care and food processing to short-lived outdoor foragers with remarkable visual navigation capabilities. The quick transition from dark to light suggests that visual centers in the ant's brain express a high degree of plasticity. To investigate structural synaptic plasticity in the mushroom bodies (MBs)-sensory integration centers supposed to be involved in learning and memory-we immunolabeled and quantified pre- and postsynaptic profiles of synaptic complexes (microglomeruli, MG) in the visual (collar) and olfactory (lip) input regions of the MB calyx. The results show that a volume increase of the MB calyx during behavioral transition is associated with a decrease in MG numbers in the collar and, less pronounced, in the lip. Analysis of tubulin-positive profiles indicates that presynaptic pruning of projection neurons and dendritic expansion in intrinsic Kenyon cells are involved. Light-exposure of dark-reared ants of different age classes revealed similar effects. The results indicate that this structural synaptic plasticity in the MB calyx is primarily driven by visual experience rather than by an internal program. This is supported by the fact that dark-reared ants age-matched to foragers had MG numbers comparable to those of interior workers. Ants aged artificially for up to 1 year expressed a similar plasticity. These results suggest that the high degree of neuronal plasticity in visual input regions of the MB calyx may be an important factor related to behavior transitions associated with ision of labor.

Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: analyses of 1182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA schizotypy working group

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 20-10-2023

DOI: 10.1017/S0033291723003045

Unmet needs in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a longitudinal perspective

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 21-11-2011

DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711002406

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the course of unmet needs by patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and to determine associated variables. We investigated baseline assessments in the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) and also follow-up interviews at 6 and 12 months. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify patient groups based on in idual differences in the development of unmet needs. Multinomial logistic regression determined the predictors of group membership. Four classes were identified. Three differed in their baseline levels of unmet needs whereas the fourth had a marked decrease in such needs. Main predictors of class membership were prognosis and depression at baseline, and the quality of life and psychosocial intervention at follow-up. Depression at follow-up did not vary among classes. We identified subtypes of patients with different courses of unmet needs. Prognosis of clinical improvement was a better predictor for the decline in unmet needs than was psychopathology. Needs concerning social relationships were particularly persistent in patients who remained high in their unmet needs and who lacked additional psychosocial treatment.

A compactly generated group whose hecke algebras admit no bounds on their representations

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 05-2006

DOI: 10.1017/S0017089506002990

Clinical Decision Making and Mental Health Service Use Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness Across Europe

Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1176/APPI.PS.201600114

Abstract: The study explored relationships between preferences for and experiences of clinical decision making (CDM) with service use among persons with severe mental illness. Data from a prospective observational study in six European countries were examined. Associations of baseline staff-rated (N=213) and patient-rated (N=588) preferred and experienced decision making with service use were examined at baseline by using binomial regressions and at 12-month follow-up by using multilevel models. A preference by patients and staff for active patient involvement in decision making, rather than shared or passive decision making, was associated with longer hospital admissions and higher costs at baseline and with increases in admissions over 12 months (p=.043). Low patient-rated satisfaction with an experienced clinical decision was also related to increased costs over the study period (p=.005). A preference for shared decision making may reduce health care costs by reducing inpatient admissions. Patient satisfaction with decisions was a predictor of costs, and clinicians should maximize patient satisfaction with CDM.

Mental Health Consequences for Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review to Draw Lessons for LMICs

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 27-01-2021

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2021.602614

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review provides a summary of current evidence on the mental health consequences of COVID on HCWs. Methods: A scoping review was conducted searching PubMed and Embase for articles relevant to mental health conditions among HCWs during COVID-19. Relevant articles were screened and extracted to summarize key outcomes and findings. Results: A total of fifty-one studies were included in this review. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, psychological trauma, insomnia and sleep quality, workplace burnout and fatigue, and distress were the main outcomes reviewed. Most studies found a high number of symptoms endorsed for depression, anxiety, and other conditions. We found differences in symptoms by sex, age, and HCW role, with female, younger-aged, frontline workers, and non-physician workers being affected more than other subgroups. Conclusion: This review highlights the existing burden of mental health conditions reported by HCWs during COVID-19. It also demonstrates emerging disparities among affected HCW subgroups. This scoping review emphasizes the importance of generating high quality evidence and developing informed interventions for HCW mental health with a focus on LMICs.

Cortical and subcortical neuroanatomical signatures of schizotypy in 3004 individuals assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-10-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41380-021-01359-9

Abstract: Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy in iduals, and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. The s le comprised 3004 unmedicated healthy in iduals (12–68 years, 46.5% male) from 29 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated with higher schizotypy scores ( r = 0.067, p FDR = 0.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ ( r = 0.285, p spin = 0.024), but not BD ( r = 0.166, p spin = 0.205) or MDD ( r = −0.274, p spin = 0.073). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho = −0.690, p spin = 0.006), BD (rho = −0.672, p spin = 0.009), and MDD (rho = −0.692, p spin = 0.004). Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended psychosis phenotype.

The interrelation of needs and quality of life in first-episode schizophrenia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-11-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S00406-011-0275-6

Abstract: The interrelation between needs for care and quality of life has been described and replicated by several studies. The present work aims to add to the understanding of longitudinal interrelations between needs for care, quality of life, and other outcome measures by analyzing a s le of patients at the onset of schizophrenia. This study relied on data from the EUFEST trial, designed to compare first- and second-generation antipsychotics during 1 year. At baseline, 498 patients have been included. The first (baseline) and the last assessment (12 months after baseline) were used for the analyses. Predictors of quality of life were determined using regression analyses. We tested the complex longitudinal interrelations between baseline and outcome measures with structural equation models. Unmet needs were not definitively confirmed as a predictor of subsequent quality of life, unless unmet needs changing to no needs were separated from unmet needs changing to met needs. Each unmet need that changed to no need enhanced the quality of life (mean score 1-7) by 0.136 scale points. This study suggests that when studying quality of life and needs for treatment, it is crucial to differentiate whether unmet needs disappeared or whether they were met, as the former has a stronger impact on quality of life.

Association of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures With Psychosis Onset in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Developing Psychosis

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 07-2021

DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2021.0638

Heterogeneity of Psychosis Risk Within Individuals at Clinical High Risk

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2015.2324

Abstract: In iduals can be classified as being at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis if they meet at least one of the ultra-high-risk (UHR) inclusion criteria (brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms [BLIPS] and/or attenuated psychotic symptoms [APS] and/or genetic risk and deterioration syndrome [GRD]) and/or basic symptoms [BS]. The meta-analytical risk of psychosis of these different subgroups is still unknown. To compare the risk of psychosis in CHR in iduals who met at least one of the major inclusion criteria and in in iduals not at CHR for psychosis (CHR-). Electronic databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus) were searched until June 18, 2015, along with investigation of citations of previous publications and a manual search of the reference lists of retrieved articles. We included original follow-up studies of CHR in iduals who reported the risk of psychosis classified according to the presence of any BLIPS, APS and GRD, APS alone, GRD alone, BS, and CHR-. Independent extraction by multiple observers and random-effects meta-analysis of proportions. Moderators were tested with meta-regression analyses (Bonferroni corrected). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. Sensitivity analyses tested robustness of results. Publication biases were assessed with funnel plots and the Egger test. The proportion of each subgroup with any psychotic disorder at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 or more months of follow-up. Thirty-three independent studies comprising up to 4227 in iduals were included. The meta-analytical proportion of in iduals meeting each UHR subgroup at intake was: 0.85 APS (95%CI, 0.79-0.90), 0.1 BLIPS (95%CI, 0.06-0.14), and 0.05 GRD (95%CI, 0.03-0.07). There were no significant differences in psychosis risk at any time point between the APS and GRD and the APS-alone subgroups. There was a higher risk of psychosis in the any BLIPS greater than APS greater than GRD-alone subgroups at 24, 36, and 48 or more months of follow-up. There was no evidence that the GRD subgroup has a higher risk of psychosis than the CHR- subgroup. There were too few BS or BS and UHR studies to allow robust conclusions. There is meta-analytical evidence that BLIPS represents separate risk subgroup compared with the APS. The GRD subgroup is infrequent and not associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Future studies are advised to stratify their findings across these different subgroups. The CHR guidelines should be updated to reflect these differences.

Scale-multiplicative semigroups and geometry: Automorphism groups of trees

Publisher: European Mathematical Society - EMS - Publishing House GmbH

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.4171/GGD/376

A graph-theoretic description of scale-multiplicative semigroups of automorphisms

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-05-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11856-020-2005-0

Homomorphic images of locally compact groups acting on trees and buildings

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-03-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S00605-022-01690-5

Abstract: We study analogues of Cartan decompositions of Lie groups for totally disconnected locally compact groups. It is shown using these decompositions that a large class of totally disconnected locally compact groups acting on trees and buildings have the property that every continuous homomorphic image of the group is closed.

Drug attitude as predictor for effectiveness in first-episode schizophrenia: Results of an open randomized trial (EUFEST)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.EURONEURO.2010.02.001

Abstract: Effectiveness has become more and more important as a comprehensive outcome measure for (long-term) treatment in schizophrenia. Early predictors to identify patients at a high risk for not succeeding the initiated treatment would be very useful. Discontinuation of the initiated treatment was used as criterion for effectiveness and patients' drug attitude was shown to be predictive for non-adherence or discontinuation of long-term treatment in schizophrenia. Accordingly, the predictive validity of the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) for effectiveness should be evaluated. Based on a sub-s le of patients from the EUFEST study for whom DAI assessments were available significant predictors for effectiveness as measured by discontinuation of initiated treatment were identified based on a logistic and a Cox-regression analysis. A Receiver-Operating Characteristic- (ROC-) analysis was conducted for the DAI, prognostic / diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity) were calculated and a cut-off value suggested. In a s le of 228 first-episode patients, the DAI score was the most powerful predictor for effectiveness (p<0.001) besides two other significant predictors (PANSS-positive score and sexual side effects). The ROC-analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.64 (p<0.001). The suggested cut-off point of about 20 yielded a sensitivity of 70-75% and a specificity of 40-45%. Study results indicate that the Drug Attitude Inventory, filled in by patients early in treatment seems to be a valid predictor for effectiveness as measured by discontinuation of the initiated treatment. DAI scores could also serve as an (differential) indicator for the need of enhanced treatment monitoring. These findings have to be validated in other (first-episode) s les.

Predictors of discontinuation of antipsychotic medication and subsequent outcomes in the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2016.01.046

Abstract: This study had two aims: to describe patients suffering from first-episode schizophrenia who had stopped taking any antipsychotic medication, and to gain information on the predictors of successful discontinuation. We investigated data from the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST). From the 325 patients included, 15.7% discontinued all antipsychotic medication. In a first analysis, clinical and sociodemographical predictors of discontinuing any antipsychotic medication were identified, using Cox regression. In the second analysis, logistic regression was used to determine variables associated with those patients who had stopped taking antipsychotic medication and had a favourable outcome, i.e., successful discontinuation. A good outcome was defined as a) having had no relapse within the whole observation period (80.6%), and b) having had no relapse and symptomatic remission at 12-month-follow-up (37.2%). Cox regression revealed that a higher proportion of patients from Western European countries and Israel stopped antipsychotic medication than from Central and Eastern European countries, that relapse was associated with discontinuation, and that discontinuers had lower compliance and higher quality of life. Predictors of successful discontinuation differed with the outcome definition used. Using definition b), successful discontinuers had a better baseline prognosis and better baseline social integration. Using definition a), successful discontinuers more often were from Western European countries. Region and clinical factors were associated with discontinuation. Prognosis and social integration played an important role in predicting successful discontinuation. As this study had several limitations, for ex le the observational design regarding discontinuation, further studies are needed to identify predictors of successful discontinuation.

Hecke algebras from groups acting on trees and HNN extensions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2008.12.008

Anticipated discrimination among people with schizophrenia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-10-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0447.2011.01772.X

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of anticipated discrimination in people with schizophrenia (n = 732) from 27 countries in the International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes (INDIGO). Anticipated discrimination was assessed through four questions of Discrimination and Stigma Scale. Twenty-five in iduals were identified at each site who were reasonably representative of all such treated cases within the local area. Sixty-four per cent of the participants reported that they had stopped themselves from applying for work, training or education because of anticipated discrimination. Seventy-two per cent of them reported that they felt the need to conceal their diagnosis. Expecting to be avoided by others who know about their diagnosis was highly associated with decisions to conceal their diagnosis. Those who concealed their diagnosis were younger and more educated. The participants who perceived discrimination by others were more likely to stop themselves from looking for a close relationship. Anticipated discrimination in finding and keeping work was more common in the absence than in the presence of experienced discrimination, and the similar findings applied to intimate relationships. This study shows that anticipated discrimination among people with schizophrenia is common, but is not necessarily associated with experienced discrimination.

Sleep disturbances in young and middle-aged adults - Empirical patterns and related factors from an epidemiological survey.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPPSYCH.2017.07.009

Abstract: Previous research suggests that sleep disorders are highly associated with other mental health problems. However, sleep problems even below the diagnostic threshold of sleep disorders are very common in the general population, which highly affects wellbeing and functioning. In order to broaden the focus beyond those severe cases we explored empirical patterns across the whole spectrum of sleep problems as well as associated clinical and other factors. A representative community s le of N=1274 residents from the canton of Zurich was interviewed for sleep problems and diagnostic criteria for mental disorders as well as was given a number of mental health-related psychometrical checklists. Based on a broader spectrum of sleep problems we conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) to derive distinct classes of such disturbances. Classes were compared regarding their associations to mental health-relevant and other risk factors. The LCA revealed four classes - no sleep disturbances (72.6%), difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (15.8%), delayed sleep (5.3%), and severe sleep problems (6.4%). Severe sleep problems were related to female gender and generalized anxiety disorder, while depression was linked to all sleep problem classes. Persons with difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and severe sleep problems reported higher levels of psychopathology, burnout and neuroticism, while all sleep problem types were tied to stress-related variables, but not alcohol use disorder. Sleep problems are highly prevalent among the young and middle-aged adults in our representative s le of young and middle-aged adults and as such represent a serious public mental health problem. Our findings indicate sleep problems to have a multi-dimensional structure with some differential associations. While all subtypes were associated with poorer mental health and particularly more depression, severe sleep problems appeared to be the sleep subtype seen in agoraphobia and GAD, while delayed sleep had no specific associations. The variety of associations assessed leads one to assume that likewise a variety of sleep interventions is required.

Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Location: Germany

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Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP120100996

Start Date: 05-2012

End Date: 12-2016

Amount: $325,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL170100032

Start Date: 03-2018

End Date: 12-2023

Amount: $2,837,520.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

ARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE0348165

Start Date: 2003

End Date: 12-2011

Amount: $13,749,290.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP150100060

Start Date: 04-2015

End Date: 12-2019

Amount: $443,900.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0984342

Start Date: 04-2009

End Date: 01-2015

Amount: $381,868.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0556017

Start Date: 10-2005

End Date: 09-2008

Amount: $234,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0208137

Start Date: 2002

End Date: 06-2005

Amount: $185,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council