ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5665-4706
Current Organisation
St. Vincent's University Hospital / University College Dublin
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSCYCHRESNS.2018.12.006
Abstract: Memory deficits are reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). Prefrontal cortical and mesiotemporal cortical (MTC)/subcortical regions are involved in the Buschke Selective Reminding Task (SRT), a verbal list-learning task. To determine whether depression-related changes in resting brain metabolism explain (in part) the deficits in SRT performance found in MDD, statistical correlation maps were calculated between SRT total recall score (TR) and relative regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglu), measured by [
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2015.07.049
Abstract: Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core feature of psychosis, however there are gaps in our knowledge about its prevalence and factor structure. We had two aims: first, to establish the factor structure of FTD second, to explore the clinical utility of dimensions of FTD in order to further the understanding of its nosology. A cross-validation study was undertaken to establish the factor structure of FTD in first episode psychosis (FEP). The relative utility of FTD categories vs. dimensions across diagnostic categories was investigated. The prevalence of clinically significant FTD in this FEP s le was 21%, although 41% showed evidence of disorganised speech, 20% displayed verbosity and 24% displayed impoverished speech. A 3-factor model was identified as the best fit for FTD, with disorganisation, poverty and verbosity dimensions (GFI=0.99, RMR=0.07). These dimensions of FTD accurately distinguished affective from non-affective diagnostic categories. A categorical approach to FTD assessment was useful in identifying markers of clinical acuteness, as identified by short duration of untreated psychosis (OR=2.94, P<0.01) and inpatient treatment status (OR=3.98, P<0.01). FTD is moderately prevalent and multi-dimensional in FEP. Employing both a dimensional and categorical assessment of FTD gives valuable clinical information, however there may be a need to revise our conceptualisation of the nosology of FTD. The prognostic value of FTD, as well as its neural basis, requires elucidation.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EURPSY.2013.02.003
Abstract: Negative symptoms have been previously reported during the psychosis prodrome, however our understanding of their relationship with treatment-phase negative symptoms remains unclear. We report the prevalence of psychosis prodrome onset negative symptoms (PONS) and ascertain whether these predict negative symptoms at first presentation for treatment. Presence of expressivity or experiential negative symptom domains was established at first presentation for treatment using the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in 373 in iduals with a first episode psychosis. PONS were established using the Beiser Scale. The relationship between PONS and negative symptoms at first presentation was ascertained and regression analyses determined the relationship independent of confounding. PONS prevalence was 50.3% in the schizophrenia spectrum group ( n = 155) and 31.2% in the non-schizophrenia spectrum group ( n = 218). In the schizophrenia spectrum group, PONS had a significant unadjusted (χ 2 = 10.41, P 0.001) and adjusted (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.11–5.22, P = 0.027) association with first presentation experiential symptoms, however this relationship was not evident in the non-schizophrenia spectrum group. PONS did not predict expressivity symptoms in either diagnostic group. PONS are common in schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses, and predict experiential symptoms at first presentation. Further prospective research is needed to examine whether negative symptoms commence during the psychosis prodrome.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 26-10-2005
Abstract: In 2002, an estimated 877,000 lives were lost worldwide through suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their effectiveness is rarely evaluated. To examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and research. Relevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005, included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains education and awareness for the general public and for professionals screening tools for at-risk in iduals treatment of psychiatric disorders restricting access to lethal means and responsible media reporting of suicide. Data were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior (completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment seeking, identification of at-risk in iduals, antidepressant prescription/use rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies. Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide and suicidal ideation or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk in iduals, entry into treatment, and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and meta-analyses (n = 10) quantitative studies, either randomized controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n = 24) and ecological, or population- based studies (n = 41). Heterogeneity of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis thus, a narrative synthesis is presented. Education of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening programs, and media education need more testing. Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is essential in order to optimize use of limited resources.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2015.05.086
Abstract: Negative symptoms are included in diagnostic manuals as part of criteria for schizophrenia spectrum psychoses only, however some studies have found their presence in other diagnoses. This study sought to clarify negative symptom domain prevalence across diagnostic categories, while investigating whether negative symptoms predicted diagnostic shift over time. Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) data were collected at first presentation in 197 in iduals presenting with first episode psychosis and again at one year follow-up assessment. Negative symptoms were highest among in iduals with schizophrenia and among those whose diagnosis shifted from non-schizophrenia spectrum at baseline to schizophrenia spectrum at follow-up. In a non-schizophrenia spectrum group negative symptoms at baseline were not a significant predictor of diagnostic shift to schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses. The study suggests negative symptoms can present among in iduals with non-schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses, although this is most relevant for in iduals following diagnostic shift from non-schizophrenia spectrum to schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses. The findings support introduction of a negative symptom dimension when describing a range of psychotic illnesses, and indicate that further research investigating the evolution of negative symptoms in non-schizophrenia diagnoses is needed.
Location: Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Kevin M Malone.