ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5057-5556
Current Organisation
Swinburne University of Technology
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Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 21-08-2017
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0918-17.2017
Abstract: Reward function appears to be modulated by the circadian system, but little is known about the neural basis of this interaction. Previous research suggests that the neural reward response may be different in the afternoon however, the direction of this effect is contentious. Reward response may follow the diurnal rhythm in self-reported positive affect, peaking in the early afternoon. An alternative is that daily reward response represents a type of prediction error, with neural reward activation relatively high at times of day when rewards are unexpected (i.e., early and late in the day). The present study measured neural reward activation in the context of a validated reward task at 10.00 h, 14.00 h, and 19.00 h in healthy human males. A region of interest BOLD fMRI protocol was used to investigate the diurnal waveform of activation in reward-related brain regions. Multilevel modeling found, as expected, a highly significant quadratic time-of-day effect focusing on the left putamen ( p 0.001). Consistent with the “prediction error” hypothesis, activation was significantly higher at 10.00 h and 19.00 h compared with 14.00 h. It is provisionally concluded that the putamen may be particularly important in endogenous priming of reward motivation at different times of day, with the pattern of activation consistent with circadian-modulated reward expectancies in neural pathways (i.e., greater activation to reward stimuli at unexpected times of day). This study encourages further research into circadian modulation of reward and underscores the methodological importance of accounting for time of day in fMRI protocols. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is one of the first studies to use a repeated-measures imaging procedure to explore the diurnal rhythm of reward activation. Although self-reported reward (most often operationalized as positive affect) peaks in the afternoon, the present findings indicate that neural activation is lowest at this time. We conclude that the diurnal neural activation pattern may reflect a prediction error of the brain, where rewards at unexpected times (10.00 h and 19.00 h) elicit higher activation in reward brain regions than at expected (14.00 h) times. These data also have methodological significance, suggesting that there may be a time of day influence, which should be accounted for in neural reward studies.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-12-2016
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 23-12-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.23.521691
Abstract: Neuroimaging data analysis often requires purpose-built software, which can be challenging to install and may produce different results across computing environments. Beyond being a roadblock to neuroscientists, these issues of accessibility and portability can h er the reproducibility of neuroimaging data analysis pipelines. Here, we introduce the Neurodesk platform, which harnesses software containers to support a comprehensive and growing suite of neuroimaging software (www.neurodesk.org/). Neurodesk includes a browser-accessible virtual desktop environment and a command line interface, mediating access to containerized neuroimaging software libraries on various computing platforms, including personal and high-performance computers, cloud computing and Jupyter Notebooks. This community-oriented, open-source platform enables a paradigm shift for neuroimaging data analysis, allowing for accessible, flexible, fully reproducible, and portable data analysis pipelines.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-0005
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 12-02-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOPSYCHO.2011.10.013
Abstract: Inhibitory control deficits are well documented in schizophrenia, supported by impairment in an established measure of response inhibition, the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). We investigated the neural basis of this impairment by comparing schizophrenia patients and controls matched for age, sex and education on behavioural, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) indices of stop-signal task performance. Compared to controls, patients exhibited slower SSRT and reduced right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) activation, but rIFG activation correlated with SSRT in both groups. Go stimulus and stop-signal ERP components (N1/P3) were smaller in patients, but the peak latencies of stop-signal N1 and P3 were also delayed in patients, indicating impairment early in stop-signal processing. Additionally, response-locked lateralised readiness potentials indicated response preparation was prolonged in patients. An inability to engage rIFG may predicate slowed inhibition in patients, however multiple spatiotemporal irregularities in the networks underpinning stop-signal task performance may contribute to this deficit.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.12562
Abstract: For 30 years, the independent race model has been used to account for the attempt to reactively inhibit on-going responses in the stop-signal task (reactive behavioral inhibition). The success of the race model derives in part by assuming that motor response activation speed is not different on inhibition trials compared to trials where inhibition is not required. To date, neurophysiological evidence supporting this assumption (context independence) has been limited, especially in human participants. In this study, we used EEG to investigate stop-signal task performance in human participants, focusing on lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) to examine context independence in human primary motor cortex (M1). The current results provided support for the context independence assumption, and further showed that successful inhibition was largely contingent upon the timing of response activation in M1 relative to stop-signal onset. These data afford a valuable insight into how stop-signal response inhibition is effected in the human brain.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-03-2019
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 26-10-2018
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.9916
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-10-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-015-2639-7
Abstract: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPj) are highly involved in social understanding, a core area of impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used fMRI to investigate sex differences in the neural correlates of social understanding in 27 high-functioning adults with ASD and 23 matched controls. There were no differences in neural activity in the mPFC or rTPj between groups during social processing. Whole brain analysis revealed decreased activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus in males with ASD compared to control males while processing social information. This pattern was not observed in the female sub-s le. The current study indicates that sex mediates the neurobiology of ASD, particularly with respect to processing social information.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S11682-011-9115-6
Abstract: Sleep loss, widespread in today's society and associated with a number of clinical conditions, has a detrimental effect on a variety of cognitive domains including attention. This study examined the sequelae of sleep deprivation upon BOLD fMRI activation during ided attention. Twelve healthy males completed two randomized sessions one after 27 h of sleep deprivation and one after a normal night of sleep. During each session, BOLD fMRI was measured while subjects completed a cross-modal ided attention task (visual and auditory). After normal sleep, increased BOLD activation was observed bilaterally in the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobe during ided attention performance. Subjects reported feeling significantly more sleepy in the sleep deprivation session, and there was a trend towards poorer ided attention task performance. Sleep deprivation led to a down regulation of activation in the left superior frontal gyrus, possibly reflecting an attenuation of top-down control mechanisms on the attentional system. These findings have implications for understanding the neural correlates of ided attention and the neurofunctional changes that occur in in iduals who are sleep deprived.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CORTEX.2013.01.002
Abstract: Because moving depictions of face emotion have greater ecological validity than their static counterparts, it has been suggested that still photographs may not engage 'authentic' mechanisms used to recognize facial expressions in everyday life. To date, however, no neuroimaging studies have adequately addressed the question of whether the processing of static and dynamic expressions rely upon different brain substrates. To address this, we performed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment wherein participants made emotional expression discrimination and Sex discrimination judgements to static and moving face images. Compared to Sex discrimination, Emotion discrimination was associated with widespread increased activation in regions of occipito-temporal, parietal and frontal cortex. These regions were activated both by moving and by static emotional stimuli, indicating a general role in the interpretation of emotion. However, portions of the inferior frontal gyri and supplementary re-supplementary motor area showed task by motion interaction. These regions were most active during emotion judgements to static faces. Our results demonstrate a common neural substrate for recognizing static and moving facial expressions, but suggest a role for the inferior frontal gyrus in supporting simulation processes that are invoked more strongly to disambiguate static emotional cues.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-09-2013
DOI: 10.3390/NU5093589
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/EJN.12497
Abstract: Stop-signal paradigms operationalize a basic test of goal-directed behaviour whereby an overarching stop goal that is performed intermittently must be maintained throughout ongoing performance of a reaction time go task (go goal). Previous studies of sustained brain activation during stop-signal task performance in humans did not observe activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that, in concert with the parietal cortex, is known to subserve goal maintenance. Here we explored the hypothesis that a DLPFC and parietal network has a key role in supporting ongoing stop-signal task performance. We used a blocked functional magnetic resonance imaging design that included blocks of trials containing typical stop-signal paradigm stimuli that were performed under three conditions: Stop condition, which required reaction time responding to go stimuli and inhibition of cued responses upon presentation of a stop signal Go condition, identical except that the tone was ignored and Passive condition, which required only quiescent attention to stimuli. We found that, whereas a distributed corticothalamic network was more active in Stop compared with Go, only the right DLPFC and bilateral parietal cortex survived after masking that contrast with Stop compared with Passive. These findings indicate that sustained activation of a right dominant frontoparietal network supports stop goal processes during ongoing performance of the stop-signal task.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JNP.12267
Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that facial emotion recognition is impaired in bipolar disorder (BD). However, patient–control differences are small owing to ceiling effects on the tasks used to assess them. The extant literature is also limited by a relative absence of attention towards identifying patterns of emotion misattribution or understanding whether neutral faces are mislabelled in the same way as ones displaying emotion. We addressed these limitations by comparing facial emotion recognition performance in BD patients and healthy controls on a novel and challenging task. Thirty‐four outpatients with BD I and 32 demographically matched healthy controls completed a facial emotion recognition task requiring the labelling of neutral and emotive faces displayed at low emotional intensities. Results indicated that BD patients were significantly less accurate at labelling faces than healthy controls, particularly if they displayed fear or neutral expressions. There were no between‐group differences in response times or patterns of emotion mislabelling, with both groups confusing sad and neutral faces, although BD patients also mislabelled sad faces as angry. Task performance did not significantly correlate with mood symptom severity in the BD group. These findings suggest that facial emotion recognition impairments in BD extend to neutral face recognition. Emotion misattribution occurs in a similar, albeit exaggerated manner in patients with BD compared to healthy controls. Future behavioural and neuroimaging research should reconsider the use of neutral faces as baseline stimuli in their task designs.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-06-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1460-9568.2007.05858.X
Abstract: Feedforward inhibition deficits have been consistently demonstrated in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions using prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle eye-blink reflex when assessing sensorimotor gating. While PPI can be recorded in acutely decerebrated rats, behavioural, pharmacological and psychophysiological studies suggest the involvement of a complex neural network extending from brainstem nuclei to higher order cortical areas. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the neural network underlying PPI and its association with electromyographically (EMG) recorded PPI of the acoustic startle eye-blink reflex in 16 healthy volunteers. A sparse imaging design was employed to model signal changes in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses to acoustic startle probes that were preceded by a prepulse at 120 ms or 480 ms stimulus onset asynchrony or without prepulse. Sensorimotor gating was EMG confirmed for the 120-ms prepulse condition, while startle responses in the 480-ms prepulse condition did not differ from startle alone. Multiple regression analysis of BOLD contrasts identified activation in pons, thalamus, caudate nuclei, left angular gyrus and bilaterally in anterior cingulate, associated with EMG-recorded sensorimotor gating. Planned contrasts confirmed increased pons activation for startle alone vs 120-ms prepulse condition, while increased anterior superior frontal gyrus activation was confirmed for the reverse contrast. Our findings are consistent with a primary pontine circuitry of sensorimotor gating that interconnects with inferior parietal, superior temporal, frontal and prefrontal cortices via thalamus and striatum. PPI processes in the prefrontal, frontal and superior temporal cortex were functionally distinct from sensorimotor gating.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-03-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1460-9568.2009.06861.X
Abstract: Behavioral research indicates that successful face in iduation is associated with sensitivity to subtle spatial relations between facial features, as well as to the features themselves. We used a blocked functional magnetic resonance adaptation paradigm to examine the sensitivity of the core face network to spatial relations in faces. The fusiform face area (FFA) was sensitive to spatial relations, responding more strongly to a single face presented with various feature spacings than to repeated presentations of an identical face. This response to spacing variations was as strong as the response to a series of distinct identities. There were no hemisphere effects in sensitivity to spatial relations, although FFAs were larger on the right. The right occipital face area (OFA) was also sensitive to spatial relations in faces. Few participants showed left OFAs. The superior temporal sulcus (STS), which does not code identity, showed little sensitivity to either relational changes or changes in identity. We suggest that the sensitivity of the FFA and right OFA to spatial relations in faces may contribute to our impressive ability to in iduate faces despite their similarity as visual patterns.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 03-12-2020
Abstract: The human brain is a dynamic network comprised of elements which are structurally connected and functionally interactive. A tight structure-function relationship is vital for this system to produce seamless cognition and behaviour. Brain injuries due to either neurological disease or single-event injuries alter the dynamics of normal structure-function interaction, resulting in poor neurobehavioural outcomes for patients. This scoping review is a synthesis of recent progress in understanding how brain injuries alter the structure-function relationship. We identified 16 studies that investigated the structure-function relationship in brain-injured cohorts, using fMRI and either T1-weighted or diffusion-weighted MRI to calculate, respectively, grey matter density or structural connectivity. Overall, a reduced structure-function relationship was found in brain-injured patients relative to healthy controls. This weakened relationship coincided with impaired cognition. Structural and functional MRI information should also be reconciled into suitable graph theoretical frameworks such as the multilayer network approach
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOPSYCHO.2019.03.009
Abstract: Growing evidence indicates that anxiety impairs cognitive control processes, including inhibitory functioning. However, there are reports of anxiety state-related improvements in response inhibition performance in a go/nogo (GNG) task. Here we employed the stop-signal task (SST) to examine in complementary fashion the link between anticipatory anxiety and inhibitory control. Participants (N = 45) completed the SST under threat of unpredictable shocks and safe conditions while physiological activity (skin conductance and heart rate) was monitored. In addition to increased physiological activity, we found that stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), a robust measure of stopping efficiency, was prolonged during threat compared to safe without any difference in choice reaction times to go stimuli. This finding supports the claim of impaired inhibitory control in anxiety, and by consideration of differences between the SST and GNG tasks, can be reconciled with evidence of improved response inhibition on the latter under similar threat conditions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-05-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSCYCHRESNS.2016.04.008
Abstract: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric illness characterised by a disturbance in body image, a fear of weight gain and significantly low body weight. The factors involved in the genesis and maintenance of AN are unclear, though the potential neurobiological underpinnings of the condition are of increasing interest. Through the investigation of functional connectivity of the brain at rest, information relating to neuronal communication and integration of information that may relate to behaviours and cognitive symptoms can be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate functional connectivity of the default mode network, and sensorimotor and visual networks in AN. 26 females with AN and 27 healthy control participants matched for age, gender and premorbid intelligence underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Default mode network functional connectivity did not differ between groups. AN participants displayed reduced functional connectivity between the sensorimotor and visual networks, in comparison to healthy controls. This finding is discussed in terms of differences in visuospatial processing in AN and the distortion of body image experienced by these in iduals. Overall, the findings suggest that sensorimotor and visual network connectivity may be related to visuospatial processing in AN, though, further research is required.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2010.01.090
Abstract: We investigated ERP and fMRI correlates of anticipatory preparation and response inhibition in a cued task-switching paradigm with informatively cued, non-informatively cued and no-go trials. Cue-locked ERPs showed evidence for a multicomponent preparation process. An early cue-locked differential positivity was larger for informative vs. non-informative cues and its litude correlated with differential activity for informatively vs. non-informatively cued trials in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), consistent with a goal activation process. A later differential positivity was larger for informatively cued switch vs. repeat trials and its litude correlated with informatively cued switch vs. repeat activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), compatible with a category-response (C-R) rule activation process. No-go trials elicited a frontal P3, whose litude was negatively correlated with activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and basal ganglia motor network, suggesting that a network responsible for response execution was inhibited in the course of a no-go trial. These findings indicate that anticipatory preparation in task-switching is comprised of at least two processes: goal activation and C-R rule activation. They also support a functional dissociation between DLPFC and VLPFC, with the former involved in top-down biasing and the latter involved in response inhibition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1111/EJN.13793
Abstract: Neurobiological findings in anorexia nervosa (AN) are inconsistent, including differences in regional grey matter volumes. Methodological limitations often contribute to the inconsistencies reported. The aim of this study was to improve on these methodologies by utilising voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis with the use of diffeomorphic anatomic registration through an exponentiated lie algebra algorithm (DARTEL), in a relatively large group of in iduals with AN. Twenty-six in iduals with AN and 27 healthy controls underwent a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. AN participants were found to have reduced grey matter volumes in a number of areas including regions of the basal ganglia (including the ventral striatum), and parietal and temporal cortices. Body mass index (BMI) and global scores on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were also found to correlate with grey matter volumes in a region of the brainstem (including the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area) in AN, and predicted 56% of the variance in grey matter volumes in this area. The brain regions associated with grey matter reductions in AN are consistent with regions responsible for cognitive deficits associated with the illness including anhedonia, deficits in affect perception and saccadic eye movement abnormalities. Overall, the findings suggest reduced grey matter volumes in AN that are associated with eating disorder symptomatology.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-08-2015
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 14-04-0384
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 12-02-2018
Abstract: lder adults with postlingual sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) exhibit a poor prognosis that not only includes impaired auditory function but also rapid cognitive decline, especially speech-related cognition, in addition to psychosocial dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia. Consistent with this prognosis, in iduals with SNHL exhibit global atrophic brain alteration as well as altered neural function and regional brain organization within the cortical substrates that underlie auditory and speech processing. Recent evidence suggests that the use of hearing aids might ameliorate this prognosis. he objective was to study the effects of a hearing aid use intervention on neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in in iduals with SNHL aged ≥55 years. ll aspects of this study will be conducted at Swinburne University of Technology (Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia). We will recruit 2 groups (n=30 per group) of in iduals with mild to moderate SNHL from both the community and audiology health clinics (Alison Hennessy Audiology, Chelsea Hearing Pty Ltd). These groups will include in iduals who have worn a hearing aid for, at least, 12 months or never worn a hearing aid. All participants would be asked to complete, at 2 time points (t) including baseline (t=0) and follow-up (t=6 months), tests of hearing and psychosocial and cognitive function and attend a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session. The MRI session will include both structural and functional MRI (sMRI and fMRI) scans, the latter involving the performance of a novel speech processing task. his research is funded by the Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation Grants, the Australian Research Council, Alison Hennessy Audiology, and Chelsea Hearing Pty Ltd under the Industry Transformation Training Centre Scheme (ARC Project #IC140100023). We obtained the ethics approval on November 18, 2017 (Swinburne University Human Research Ethics Committee protocol number SHR Project 2017/266). The recruitment began in December 2017 and will be completed by December 2020. his is the first study to assess the effect hearing aid use has on neural, cognitive, and psychosocial factors in in iduals with SNHL who have never used hearing aids. Furthermore, this study is expected to clarify the relationships among altered brain structure and function, psychosocial factors, and cognition in response to the hearing aid use. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617001616369 anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12617001616369 (Accessed by WebCite at 0yatZ9ze) R1-10.2196/9916
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2014
DOI: 10.1002/HUP.2379
Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplementations on cognitive performance and functional brain activation. A double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, with a 30-day washout period between two supplementation periods (EPA-rich and DHA-rich) was employed. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained during performance of Stroop and Spatial Working Memory tasks prior to supplementation and after each 30-day supplementation period. Both supplementations resulted in reduced ratio of arachidonic acid to EPA levels. Following the EPA-rich supplementation, there was a reduction in functional activation in the left anterior cingulate cortex and an increase in activation in the right precentral gyrus coupled with a reduction in reaction times on the colour-word Stroop task. By contrast, the DHA-rich supplementation led to a significant increase in functional activation in the right precentral gyrus during the Stroop and Spatial Working Memory tasks, but there was no change in behavioural performance. By extending the theory of neural efficiency to the within-subject neurocognitive effects of supplementation, we concluded that following the EPA-rich supplementation, participants' brains worked 'less hard' and achieved a better cognitive performance than prior to supplementation. Conversely, the increase in functional activation and lack of improvement in time or accuracy of cognitive performance following DHA-rich supplementation may indicate that DHA-rich supplementation is less effective than EPA-rich supplementation in enhancing neurocognitive functioning after a 30-day supplementation period in the same group of in iduals.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-11-2019
DOI: 10.3390/BS9110112
Abstract: This study examines the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation of the brain associated with the four distinctive thinking styles associated with the four personality orientations of the Gountas Personality Orientations (GPO) survey: Emotion/Feeling-Action, Material/Pragmatic, Intuitive/Imaginative, and Thinking/Logical. The theoretical postulation is that each of the four personality orientations has a dominant (primary) thinking style and a shadow (secondary) thinking style/trait. The participants (N = 40) were initially surveyed to determine their dominant (primary) and secondary thinking styles. Based on participant responses, equal numbers of each dominant thinking style were selected for neuroimaging using a unique fMRI cognitive activation paradigm. The neuroimaging data support the general theoretical hypothesis of the existence of four different BOLD activation patterns, associated with each of the four thinking styles. The fMRI data analysis suggests that each thinking style may have its own cognitive activation system, involving the frontal ventromedial, posterior medial, parietal, motor, and orbitofrontal cortex. The data also suggest that there is a left hemisphere relationship for the Material/Pragmatic and Thinking/Logical styles and a right activation relationship for Emotional/Feeling and Intuitive/Imaginative styles. Additionally, the unique self-reflection paradigm demonstrated that perception of self or self-image, may be influenced by personality type a finding of potentially far-reaching implications.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBR.2013.08.026
Abstract: The stop-signal paradigm is increasingly being used as a probe of response inhibition in basic and clinical neuroimaging research. The critical feature of this task is that a cued response is countermanded by a secondary 'stop-signal' stimulus offset from the first by a 'stop-signal delay'. Here we explored the role of task difficulty in the stop-signal task with the hypothesis that what is critical for successful inhibition is the time available for stopping, that we define as the difference between stop-signal onset and the expected response time (approximated by reaction time from previous trial). We also used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how the time available for stopping affects activity in the putative right inferior frontal gyrus and presupplementary motor area (right IFG-preSMA) network that is known to support stopping. While undergoing fMRI scanning, participants performed a stop-signal variant where the time available for stopping was kept approximately constant across participants, which enabled us to compare how the time available for stopping affected stop-signal task difficulty both within and between subjects. Importantly, all behavioural and neuroimaging data were consistent with previous findings. We found that the time available for stopping distinguished successful from unsuccessful inhibition trials, was independent of stop-signal delay, and affected successful inhibition depending upon in idual SSRT. We also found that right IFG and adjacent anterior insula were more strongly activated during more difficult stopping. These findings may have critical implications for stop-signal studies that compare different patient or other groups using fixed stop-signal delays.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 08-11-2020
Abstract: Abstract Background, Aims and MethodsAdults with ASD have difficulty in learning vocational and social skills, which often translates into low employment rates. Video self-modelling (VSM) is an effective educational technique for low functioning in iduals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with the ability to teach challenging vocational skills as well as basic social skills. Procedures and Outcomes The present study examined the use of video self-modelling to teach these skills to a 22-year-old adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Target behaviours categories included (1) reading order forms, (2) transporting goods, and (3) engaging with customers. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the videos in teaching these target behaviours. The dependent variables were the percentage of tasks completed correctly, and quantitative prompt dependency using a least to most prompting strategy. Results and Conclusions Results showed that VSM modestly improved reading order forms and transporting goods, and moderately improved engagement with customers. ImplicationsThis intervention resulted in the successful employment of an adult with ASD in a job that he specifically desired, whilst teaching him skills he specifically struggled with. As such, VSM should be considered for others wanting to learn combined social and vocational skills.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-05-2018
No related grants have been discovered for Matthew Hughes.