ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3375-236X
Current Organisation
University of Tokyo
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Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-05-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41398-022-02057-Y
Abstract: In iduals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify the neuroanatomical heterogeneity in structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), and intracranial volume (ICV) in CHR-P in iduals compared with healthy controls (HC), and in relation to subsequent transition to a first episode of psychosis. The ENIGMA CHR-P consortium applied a harmonised analysis to neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 CHR-P in iduals and 1243 HC, offering the largest pooled CHR-P neuroimaging dataset to date. Regional heterogeneity was indexed with the Variability Ratio (VR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) ratio applied at the group level. Personalised estimates of heterogeneity of SA, CT and SV brain profiles were indexed with the novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), with two complementary applications. First, to assess the extent of within-diagnosis similarity or ergence of neuroanatomical profiles between in iduals. Second, using a normative modelling approach, to assess the ‘normativeness’ of neuroanatomical profiles in in iduals at CHR-P. CHR-P in iduals demonstrated no greater regional heterogeneity after applying FDR corrections. However, PBSI scores indicated significantly greater neuroanatomical ergence in global SA, CT and SV profiles in CHR-P in iduals compared with HC. Normative PBSI analysis identified 11 CHR-P in iduals (0.70%) with marked deviation ( .5 SD) in SA, 118 (7.47%) in CT and 161 (10.20%) in SV. Psychosis transition was not significantly associated with any measure of heterogeneity. Overall, our examination of neuroanatomical heterogeneity within the CHR-P state indicated greater ergence in neuroanatomical profiles at an in idual level, irrespective of psychosis conversion. Further large-scale investigations are required of those who demonstrate marked deviation.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523348
Abstract: The lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in the majority of in iduals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy in iduals. To quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in in iduals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder. Clinical, IQ and FreeSurfer-derived regional measures of cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (SA), and subcortical volume (SV) from 1,340 CHR-P in iduals [47.09% female mean age: 20.75 (4.74) years] and 1,237 healthy in iduals [44.70% female mean age: 22.32 (4.95) years] from 29 international sites participating in the ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group. For each regional morphometric measure, z-scores were computed that index the degree of deviation from the normative means of that measure in a healthy reference population (N=37,407). Average deviation scores (ADS) for CT, SA, SV, and globally across all measures (G) were generated by averaging the respective regional z-scores. Regression analyses were used to quantify the association of deviation scores with clinical severity and cognition and two-proportion z-tests to identify case-control differences in the proportion of in iduals with infranormal (z -1.96) or supranormal (z .96) scores. CHR-P and healthy in iduals overlapped in the distributions of the observed values, regional z-scores, and all ADS vales. The proportion of CHR-P in iduals with infranormal or supranormal values in any metric was low ( %) and similar to that of healthy in iduals. CHR-P in iduals who converted to psychosis compared to those who did not convert had a higher percentage of infranormal values in temporal regions (5-7% vs 0.9-1.4%). In the CHR-P group, only the ADS SA showed significant but weak associations (|β| .09 P FDR .05) with positive symptoms and IQ. The study findings challenge the usefulness of macroscale neuromorphometric measures as diagnostic biomarkers of psychosis risk and suggest that such measures do not provide an adequate explanation for psychosis risk. Is the risk of psychosis associated with brain morphometric changes that deviate significantly from healthy variation? In this study of 1340 in iduals high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and 1237 healthy participants, in idual-level variation in macroscale neuromorphometric measures of the CHR-P group was largely nested within healthy variation and was not associated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms or conversion to a psychotic disorder. The findings suggest the macroscale neuromorphometric measures have limited utility as diagnostic biomarkers of psychosis risk.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2010.12.056
Abstract: Schizophrenia involves impairment in attention, working memory and executive processes associated with prefrontal cortical function, an essential contributor of social functioning. Age at onset is a major factor for predicting social outcome in schizophrenia. In clinical settings, we need an objective assessment tool for evaluating prefrontal function and social outcome. Participants included 22 right-handed patients with schizophrenia and 40 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. We used a 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument to measure oxygenated haemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) changes over the prefrontal cortex during a random number generation (RNG) task. In healthy controls, we found significant [oxy-Hb] increase in the bilateral dorsolateral (DLPFC BA9 and BA46) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC BA44, 45 and 47). The patients with schizophrenia showed significantly smaller activation than the healthy controls in the same approximate regions. In the patient group, a smaller [oxy-Hb] increase in the right DLPFC region (BA9) was significantly correlated with earlier age at onset. NIRS can detect prefrontal cortical dysfunction associated with an executive task, which was coupled with earlier age at onset in schizophrenia. Multichannel NIRS, a non-invasive and user-friendly instrument, may be useful in evaluating cognitive function and social outcome in clinical settings in psychiatry.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Shinsuke Koike.