ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3355-3202
Current Organisations
University of Oxford
,
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust
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Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-01-2017
DOI: 10.1093/PM/PNW310
Abstract: Over the past 50 years, the field of chronic pain has witnessed an evolution of psychological approaches with some notable success. Some of this evolution has included "mindfulness-based interventions" (MBIs), now regarded as having encouraging partial support for their effectiveness. However, several theoretical challenges remain that may inhibit the progress of MBIs. These challenges include a lack of clarity surrounding the mindfulness construct itself, the proliferation of purported underlying mechanisms arising from different theories, and limited evidence for the mechanisms through which MBIs work. The current conceptual review provides a critique of existing theoretical models of mindfulness that have been applied to understanding and treating chronic pain. A conceptual narrative review was conducted. Treatment programs for people with chronic pain. In iduals with any type of chronic pain. MBIs for chronic pain. Mindfulness-based mechanisms explored in relation to several domains of functioning. Based on this assessment, a summary of available evidence for a particular contextual behavioral theory of "mindfulness"-psychological flexibility-is outlined. Findings show the need for further integration of existing mindfulness constructs to better guide development and evaluation of mindfulness-based treatment methods in the future.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2007.12.038
Abstract: In iduals with an "at-risk mental state" (or "prodromal" symptoms) have a 20-40% chance of developing psychosis however it is difficult to predict which of them will become ill on the basis of their clinical symptoms alone. We examined whether neurophysiological markers could help to identify those who are particularly vulnerable. 35 cases meeting PACE criteria for the at-risk mental state (ARMS) and 57 controls performed an auditory oddball task whilst their electroencephalogram was recorded. The latency and litude of the P300 and N100 waves were compared between groups using linear regression. The P300 litude was significantly reduced in the ARMS group [8.6+/-6.4 microvolt] compared to controls [12.7+/-5.8 microvolt] (p<0.01). There were no group differences in P300 latency or in the litude and latency of the N100. Of the at-risk subjects that were followed up, seven (21%) developed psychosis. Reduction in the litude of the P300 is associated with an increased vulnerability to psychosis. Neurophysiological and other biological markers may be of use to predict clinical outcomes in populations at high risk.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-01-2021
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 2009
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291701003774
Abstract: Background. Contemporary cognitive models of auditory verbal hallucinations propose that they arise through defective self-monitoring. We used a paradigm that engages verbal self-monitoring to investigate this theory in patients with schizophrenia. Methods. Ten patients with auditory verbal hallucinations and delusions (hallucinators), eight patients with delusions but no hallucinations (non-hallucinators), and 20 non-psychiatric control subjects were tested. Participants read single adjectives aloud, under the following randomized conditions: reading aloud reading aloud with acoustic distortion of their own voice reading aloud with alien feedback (someone else's voice) and reading aloud with distorted alien feedback. Immediately after articulating each word, participants identified the source of the speech they heard (‘self’/‘other’/‘unsure’), via a button press. Response choice and reaction time were recorded. Results. When reading aloud with distorted feedback of their own voice, patients in both groups made more errors than controls they either misidentified its source or were unsure. Hallucinators were particularly prone to misattributing their distorted voice to someone else, and were more likely to make errors when the words presented were derogatory. Both patient groups made faster decisions than controls about the source of distorted or alien speech, but faster responses were only associated with errors in the former condition. Conclusions. Impaired verbal self-monitoring was evident in both hallucinators and non-hallucinators. As both groups had delusions, the results suggest an association between delusions and impaired judgements about ambiguous sensory stimuli. The specific tendency of hallucinators to misattribute their distorted voice to someone else may reflect impaired awareness of internally generated verbal material.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2005.02.007
Abstract: It has become increasingly clear that the simple neurodevelopmental model fails to explain many aspects of schizophrenia including the timing of the onset, and the nature of the abnormal perceptions. Furthermore, we do not know why some members of the general population have anomalous experiences but remain well, while others enter the prodrome of psychosis, and a minority progress to frank schizophrenia. We suggest that genes or developmental damage result in in iduals vulnerable to dopamine deregulation. In contemporary society, this is often compounded by abuse of drugs such as hetamines and cannabis, which then propel the in idual into a state of dopamine-induced misinterpretation of the environment. Certain types of social adversity such as migration and social isolation, as well as affective change can also contribute to this. Thereafter, biased cognitive appraisal processes result in delusional interpretation of the abnormal perceptual experiences. Thus, a plausible model of the onset of psychosis needs to draw not only on neuroscience, but also on the insights of social psychiatry and cognitive psychology.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JBTEP.2015.10.001
Abstract: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a contextual cognitive-behavioural approach with a developing evidence base for clinical and cost-effectiveness as an in idually-delivered intervention to promote recovery from psychosis. ACT also lends itself to brief group delivery, potentially increasing access to therapy without inflating costs. This study examined, for the first time, the feasibility and acceptability of ACT groups for people with psychosis (G-ACTp). Participants were recruited from community psychosis teams. Ratings of user satisfaction, and pre-post change in self-rated functioning (primary outcome), mood (secondary outcome) and ACT processes were all completed with an independent assessor. Of 89 people recruited, 83 completed pre measures, 69 started the four-week G-ACTp intervention, and 65 completed post measures. Independently assessed acceptability and satisfaction were high. Functioning (Coeff. = -2.4, z = -2.9, p = 0.004 95% CI: -4.0 to -0.8 within subject effect size (ES) d = 0.4) and mood (Coeff. = -2.3, z = -3.5, p = 0.001 95% CI: -3.5 to -1.0 d = 0.4) improved from baseline to follow-up. Commensurate changes in targeted ACT processes were consistent with the underlying model. The uncontrolled, pre-post design precluded blinded assessments, and may have inflated effect sizes. Participants may have improved as a result of other factors, and findings require replication in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This preliminary study showed that brief group ACT interventions for people with psychosis are feasible and acceptable. Uncontrolled, pre-post assessments suggest small clinical improvements, and changes in psychological processes consistent with an ACT model. Replication in an RCT is required, before implementation can be recommended.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2006.11.018
Abstract: On average, people with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis are more willing to seek and accept clinical help than patients with psychotic disorders, suggesting that insight in this group is relatively less impaired. We compared the level and quality of insight in the ARMS and in first episode psychosis. Insight about illness was assessed in subjects with an ARMS and in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) who were and were not help-seeking, using the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI-E). Insight was impaired in ARMS subjects, but there was considerable variability in the insight displayed between subjects. Compared to FEP subjects, ARMS subjects showed greater insight, particularly with respect to Symptom Relabelling. ARMS subjects were more likely to interpret anomalous experiences as symptoms of illness, and to perceive themselves as needing treatment. Insight in people at high risk for psychosis is impaired, despite the fact that they are help-seeking. Insight varies between subjects, highlighting the need to comprehensively assess all aspects of insight in those with an ARMS. ARMS subjects are impaired in their ability to appraise anomalous experiences as symptoms of illness, but much less impaired than FEP subjects. This is consistent with cognitive models that propose that the way symptoms are appraised determines whether the in idual develops a psychotic illness.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-11-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465810000639
Abstract: Background: There is emerging evidence that mindfulness groups for people with distressing psychosis are safe and therapeutic. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of running and evaluating a mindfulness group on an inpatient ward for in iduals with chronic and treatment resistant psychosis. Method: Eight participants attended a 6-week mindfulness group on a specialist tertiary inpatient ward. Results: This study demonstrated that mindfulness exercises were acceptable and well-tolerated by participants. Measuring outcome, systemic challenges and participant experience are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-04-2012
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-03-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-04-2009
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-03-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-11-2009
DOI: 10.1002/HBM.20834
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2011.09.022
Abstract: In iduals with an "At Risk Mental State" have a 20-30% chance of developing a psychotic disorder within two years however it is difficult to predict which in iduals will become ill on the basis of their clinical symptoms alone. We examined whether mismatch negativity (MMN) could help to identify those who are particularly likely to make a transition to psychosis. 41 cases meeting PACE criteria for the At Risk Mental State (ARMS) and 50 controls performed a duration-deviant passive auditory oddball task whilst their electroencephalogram was recorded. The litude of the MMN wave was compared between groups using linear regression. The ARMS subjects were then followed for 2 years to determine their clinical outcome. The MMN litude was significantly reduced in the ARMS group compared to controls. Of the at-risk subjects who completed followed up (n=41), ten (24% of baseline s le) subsequently developed psychosis. The MMN litude in this subgroup was significantly smaller across all three recording sites (FZ, F3 and F4) than in the ARMS in iduals who did not become psychotic. Among those with the ARMS, MMN litude reduction is associated with an increased likelihood of developing frank psychosis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-03-2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-08-2009
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 10-2004
Abstract: The psychosis phenotype is generally thought of as a categorical entity. However, there is increasing evidence that psychosis exists in the population as a continuum of severity rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. To investigate the prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms using data from the 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. A total of 8580 respondents aged 16–74 years were interviewed. Questions covered mental health, physical health, substance use, life events and socio-demographic variables. The Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to identify psychotic symptoms. Of the respondents, 5.5% endorsed one or more items on the PSQ. Factors independently associated with psychotic symptoms were cannabis dependence, alcohol dependence, victimisation, recent stressful life events, lower intellectual ability and neurotic symptoms. Male gender was associated with paranoid thoughts, whereas female gender predicted hallucinatory experiences. Self-reported psychotic symptoms are less common in this study than reported elsewhere, because of the measure used. These symptoms have demographic and clinical correlates similar to clinical psychosis.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 2009
Location: No location found
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Louise Johns.