ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0304-4039
Current Organisations
ACT Health Directorate
,
University of Western Australia
,
University of New South Wales
,
Princeton University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF00824329
Abstract: This study aimed to characterize the strategies and psychosocial conditions that influence how resilient people live in the face of advanced cancer. Grounded theory interviews and a survey of 10 resilient people with advanced cancer were collected and analyzed. Personal assets - including positive relationships, purpose in life, faith, and mastery--contributed to living fully in mortal time. Strategies included embracing paradox, reframing time, deepening connections, and aligning actions with priorities. Open-ended interviews yielded rich illness and life stories many participants requested a copy of the transcript. Resilient people use a range of strategies to thrive in the face of advanced cancer.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 08-2019
Abstract: Insular avifaunas have repeatedly spawned evolutionary novelties in the form of unusually large, often flightless species. We report fossils from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of New Zealand that attests to the former existence of a giant psittaciform, which is described as a new genus and species. The fossils are two incomplete tibiotarsi from a bird with an estimated mass of 7 kg, double that of the heaviest known parrot, the kakapo Strigops habroptila . These psittaciform fossils show that parrots join the growing group of avian taxa prone to giantism in insular species, currently restricted to palaeognaths, anatids, sylviornithids, columbids, aptornithids, ciconiids, tytonids, falconids and accipitrids.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FNUT.2022.1048301
Abstract: The association between dietary intake of foods of animal origin and follicular lymphoma (FL) risk and survival is uncertain. In this study, we examined the relationship between dietary intake of dairy foods and fats, meat, fish and seafoods, and the likelihood of FL and survival. We conducted a population-based family case-control study in Australia between 2011 and 2016 and included 710 cases, 303 siblings and 186 spouse artner controls. We assessed dietary intake of animal products prior to diagnosis (the year before last) using a structured food frequency questionnaire and followed-up cases over a median of 6.9 years using record linkage to national death data. We examined associations with the likelihood of FL using logistic regression and used Cox regression to assess association with all-cause and FL-specific mortality among cases. We observed an increased likelihood of FL with increasing daily quantity of oily fish consumption in the year before last (highest category OR = 1.96, CI = 1.02–3.77 p -trend 0.06) among cases and sibling controls, but no associations with spouse artner controls. We found no association between the likelihood of FL and the consumption of other types of fish or seafood, meats or dairy foods and fats. In FL cases, we found no association between meat or oily fish intake and all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed suggestive evidence of a positive association between oily fish intake and the likelihood of FL, but findings varied by control type. Further investigation of the potential role of environmental contaminants in oily fish on FL etiology is warranted.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-03-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1995
DOI: 10.1038/377418A0
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1980
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1979
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 06-05-2013
Abstract: Around 88 large vertebrate taxa disappeared from Sahul sometime during the Pleistocene, with the majority of losses (54 taxa) clearly taking place within the last 400,000 years. The largest was the 2.8-ton browsing Diprotodon optatum , whereas the ∼100- to 130-kg marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex , the world’s most specialized mammalian carnivore, and Varanus priscus , the largest lizard known, were formidable predators. Explanations for these extinctions have centered on climatic change or human activities. Here, we review the evidence and arguments for both. Human involvement in the disappearance of some species remains possible but unproven. Mounting evidence points to the loss of most species before the peopling of Sahul (circa 50–45 ka) and a significant role for climate change in the disappearance of the continent’s megafauna.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1999
DOI: 10.1038/22336
Abstract: Wingless (Wg) is a member of the Wnt family of growth factors, secreted proteins that control proliferation and differentiation during development. Studies in Drosophila have shown that responses to Wg require cell-surface heparan sulphate, a glycosaminoglycan component of proteoglycans. These findings suggest that a cell-surface proteoglycan is a component of a Wg/Wnt receptor complex. We demonstrate here that the protein encoded by the ision abnormally delayed (dally) gene is a cell-surface, heparan-sulphate-modified proteoglycan. dally partial loss-of-function mutations compromise Wg-directed events, and disruption of dally function with RNA interference produces phenotypes comparable to those found with RNA interference of wg or frizzled (fz)/Dfz2. Ectopic expression of Dally potentiates Wg signalling without altering levels of Wg and can rescue a wg partial loss-of-function mutant. We also show that dally, a regulator of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) signalling during post-embryonic development, has tissue-specific effects on Wg and Dpp signalling. Dally can therefore differentially influence signalling mediated by two growth factors, and may form a regulatory component of both Wg and Dpp receptor complexes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1995
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-09-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1983
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-06-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1978
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.03260
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-09-2012
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2571
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10336-022-01981-6
Abstract: Two new neoavian landbirds are reported from the early Miocene St Bathans Fauna from New Zealand. Aegotheles zealan etus sp. nov. is described from several bones, among which, notably, the tarsometatarsus shows more similarity to New Guinean taxa than to Australian—New Zealand species. Zealandornis relictus gen. et sp. nov. is described from a distal end of a humerus and placed in the new family Zealandornithidae, tentatively among the ‘higher landbirds’ Telluraves, with most similarity to coliiforms. The humerus is of similar size to that of species of Colius and its gracile shaft and very shallow sulcus scapulotricipitalis suggests reduced flying ability. The new species of Aegotheles reinforces the Australasian nature of the Zealandian fauna, while in contrast, Zealandornis relictus gen. et sp. nov. appears to have no close relatives. It is as distinct as Acanthisittidae and Strigopidae among birds, or Leiopelmatidae and Sphenodontidae among the herpetofauna, and like them, represents a similar relictual taxon. Together they confer a highly evolutionarily distinctive nature to the Zealandian fauna concomitant with a minimal 60 million years of isolation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.04194
Publisher: Biodiversity Heritage Library
Date: 12-1992
DOI: 10.5962/P.263116
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 16-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-01-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-03-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/AR.25210
Abstract: A new Old World trident bat (Rhinonycteridae) is described from an early Miocene cave deposit in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Living rhinonycterids comprise a small family of insect‐eating, nasal‐emitting rhinolophoid bats from Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, the Middle East, and northern Australia. The new fossil species is one of at least 12 rhinonycterid species known from the Oligo‐Miocene cave deposits at Riversleigh. We refer the new species to the genus Xenorhinos (Hand, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 18, 430–439, 1998a) because it shares a number of unusual cranial features with the type and only other species of the genus, X. halli , including a broad rostrum, very wide interorbital region, pronounced ventral flexion of the rostrum, very constricted sphenoidal bridge, and, within the nasal fossa, reduced bony ision, and relatively well developed turbinals. Xenorhinos species lived in northern Australia during the global Miocene Climatic Optimum, in closed wet forests, unlike the drier habitats that trident bats largely inhabit today. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that more than one dispersal event gave rise to the Australian rhinonycterid radiation, with two lineages having sister‐group relationships with non‐Australian taxa.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1071/ZO9830381
Abstract: Isozyme electrophoresis of 28 loci was used to characterize 30 specimens of Ningaui from four States of Australia. The specimens fall into three genetic groups, with large differences between groups (21-32% fixed differences) and genetic homogeneity within groups. One group, from the Pilbara of Western Australia, is referable to N. timealeyi a second group, extending from the Kalgoorlie area of Western Australia to the far west of South Australia and north to the Tanami Desert of the Northern Temtory, is referable to N. ridei and a third group extends from the Kalgoorlie area of Western Australia (where it is sympatric with N. ridei) across southern South Australia and into north-westem Victoria. Because the third group maintains its genetic uniqueness despite being sympatric with N. ridei, it clearly represents a different species, N. yvonnae Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry. This species is distinguishable from N. ridei on skull characters, but indistinguishable on external characters. In contrast to most dasyurids, ningauis display considerable karyotypic ersity involving a pericentric inversion, a reciprocal translocation and addition of constitutive heterochromatin to the X-chromosome.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/JMOR.10452
Abstract: A digital cranial endocast of the Miocene platypus Obdurodon dicksoni was extracted from high-resolution X-ray computed tomography scans. This endocast represents the oldest from an unequivocal member of either extant monotreme lineage and is therefore important for inferring character support for Monotremata, a clade that is not well diagnosed. We describe the Obdurodon endocast with reference to endocasts extracted from skulls of the three species of extant monotremes, particularly Ornithorhynchus anatinus, the duckbill platypus. We consulted published descriptions and illustrations of whole and sectioned brains of monotremes to determine which external features of the nervous system are represented on the endocasts. Similar to Ornithorhynchus, well-developed parafloccular casts and reduced olfactory bulb casts are present in the Obdurodon endocast. Reduction of the olfactory bulbs in comparison with tachyglossids and therian mammals is a potential apomorphy for Ornithorhynchidae. The trigeminal nuclei, ganglia, and nerves (i.e., trigeminal complex) are enlarged in Obdurodon, as evidenced by their casts on the endocast, as is the case in the extant platypus. The visibility of enlarged trigeminal nucleus casts on the endocasts of Obdurodon and Ornithorhynchus is a possible synapomorphy of Ornithorhynchidae. Electroreception and enlargement of the trigeminal complex are possible synapomorphies for Monotremata.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1071/ZO9840823
Abstract: Isozyme electrophoresis of 30 loci was used to characterize 52 in iduals in 20 populations of the Sminthopsis murina complex. The populations fell into six groups within which there was genetic uniformity but among which there were extensive differences. These groups correspond to the species S. murina, S. ooldea, S. leucopus, S. dolichura, S. gilberti and S. caniventer.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-07-2016
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 20-04-2011
Abstract: Extinct species of Malleodectes gen. nov. from Middle to Late Miocene deposits of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia are enigmatic, highly specialized, probably snail-eating marsupials. Dentally, they closely resemble a bizarre group of living heterodont, wet forest scincid lizards from Australia ( Cyclodomorphus ) that may well have outcompeted them as snail-eaters when the closed forests of central Australia began to decline. Although there are scincids known from the same Miocene deposits at Riversleigh, these are relatively plesiomorphic, generalized feeders. This appears to be the most striking ex le known of dental convergence and possible competition between a mammal and a lizard, which in the long run worked out better for the lizards.
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 20-07-1998
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5168.1.3
Abstract: A large fossil anserine-like anatid (Aves, Anatidae, Notochen bannockburnensis gen. et sp. nov.) is described based on a distal humerus from the lower Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene (19–16 Ma), St Bathans Fauna from New Zealand. Its morphology and size suggest that this taxon represents an early swan rather than a goose. Extant anserines are split into Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades. The St Bathans Fauna is known to have the oldest anserines in the Southern Hemisphere, unnamed cereopsines perhaps ancestral to species of Cnemiornis (New Zealand geese). The elongate and flat morphology of the tuberculum supracondylare ventrale of the new species, however, preclude affinities with cereopsines. It is a rare taxon and the eighth anatid represented in the fauna and is the largest known anseriform from the Oligo-Miocene of Australasia. We also reassess other large anatid specimens from the St Bathans Fauna and identify Miotadorna catrionae Tennyson, Greer, Lubbe, Marx, Richards, Giovanardi & Rawlence, 2022 as a junior synonym of Miotadorna sanctibathansi Worthy, Tennyson, Jones, McNamara & Douglas, 2007.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF02101115
Abstract: The human leukemic cell lines HL60 and K562, were induced to differentiate terminally by chemical agents. The isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in the cells before and after differentiation were determined electrophoretically on agarose gels. In general, treatment of the leukemic cells with inducers of differentiation resulted in a quantitative shift of the isoenzyme pattern towards anodic or cathodic forms. This was correlated with the conversion of the chemically treated cells to morphologically more normal cells, as verified by light microscopy and/or synthesis of hemoglobin. The LD isoenzyme patterns of the chemically differentiated cells were: (a) characteristic for the particular cell type obtained rather than for the nature of the inducer used and (b) not similar to those of normally differentiated cells of the corresponding lineage, indicating that incomplete differentiation had occurred.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 25-07-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1666/06-124.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Paleobiologii (Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences)
Date: 2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-08-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2014
Abstract: In Australia, ratites (Aves: Palaeognathae) are represented in the extant fauna by the family Casuariidae with 1 species of emu Dromaius novaehollandiae and 1 cassowary Casuarius casuarius. The Australian fossil record reveals no other extinct ratite families but there are a number of other casuariid species. Most significant of these, due to its Oligo-Miocene age and because it is known from abundant material, is Emuarius gidju. Here, we describe additional material and confirm that the taxon had a temporal range of Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene (approximately 24-15 Ma). We reveal new morphological details, including notably that the species had relatively much smaller eyes than D. novaehollandiae, in addition to a less well-developed cursorial ability, as inferred from its pelvic limb. In these respects, Emuarius is similar to Casuarius and suggest that it was adapted to denser vegetation than the open woodlands and grasslands that characterise much of Australia today and to which D. novaehollandiae, with its large eyes and enhanced cursorial ability, is strongly adapted. Emuarius was compared to and found to be distinct from the poorly provenanced Australian fossil species C. lydekkeri. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of morphological data that robustly shows that E. gidju is the sister taxon of Dromaius and together these taxa form a clade that is sister to Casuarius. This indicates that the evolution towards enhanced cursorality that characterises Dromaius took place after the ergence of the emu-cassowary lineages and was likely not the driving mechanism of this ergence. Comparisons between D. novaehollandiae and D. baudinianus revealed no qualitative skeletal differences and we suggest that the latter taxon is best considered to be an island dwarf that should be taxonomically recognized at a subspecific level only.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CANEP.2022.102241
Abstract: The influence of early-life growth pattern and body size on follicular lymphoma (FL) risk and survival is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gestational age, growth during childhood, body size, changes in body shape over time, and FL risk and survival. We conducted a population-based family case-control study and included 706 cases and 490 controls. We ascertained gestational age, growth during childhood, body size and body shape using questionnaires and followed-up cases (median=83 months) using record linkage with national death records. We used a group-based trajectory modeling approach to identify body shape trajectories from ages 5-70. We examined associations with FL risk using unconditional logistic regression and used Cox regression to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause and FL-specific mortality among cases. We found no association between gestational age, childhood height and FL risk. We observed a modest increase in FL risk with being obese 5 years prior to enrolment (OR=1.43, 95 %CI=0.99-2.06 BMI ≥30 kg/m We observed a weak association between elevated BMI and FL risk, and no association with all-cause or FL-specific mortality, consistent with previous studies. Future studies incorporating biomarkers are needed to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the role of body composition in FL etiology.
Publisher: Biodiversity Heritage Library
Date: 12-2001
DOI: 10.5962/P.361492
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-04-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2016
Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Paleobiologii (Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences)
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-12-2009
DOI: 10.1671/039.029.0412
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1071/ZO9900673
Abstract: A suite of comparisons among ten radiolabelled dasyurid species and one outgroup bandicoot was generated using the hydroxyapatite chromatography method of DNA-DNA hybridisation comparisons were also made with four other dasyurid taxa. Square matrices of DELTA-T(m)s, DELTA-Modes, and DELTA-T50H's were complied and corrected for reciprocity, additivity, and, in the case of DELTA-T(m)'s, normalised percentages of hybridisation. These matrices were analysed using the FITCH algorithm in Felsenstein's PHYLIP (Version 3.1), and all distinct topologies were jackknifed to test for internal consistency. Additionally, uncorrected DELTA-T(m), DELTA-Mode, and DELTA-T50H datasets were bootstrapped and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to assess measurement imprecision. FITCH trees from folded matrices including unlabelled species or those for which heteroduplex comparisons were incomplete were also calculated and jack-knifed, both before and after correction. With the exception of limited measurements to Dasyuroides byrnei and Dasykaluta rosamondae, which showed affinities with Dasyurus spp., the final tree was fully resolved: Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. murina, together with the more distant Planigale maculata, are the sister-group to all other dasyurids examined, which in turn comprise two clades. One of these includes Dasyurus, Dasyuroides, and Dasykaluta the other, 'true' Antechinus (A. flavipes, A. stuartii, A. swainsonii) as a sister-group to Antechinus melanurus plus Murexia longicaudata, with Phascogale tapoatafa representing a probable sister-group to all Antechinus with Murexia. DNA-DNA hybridisation provides no support for the genus Satanellus: most of the trees linked Dasyurus albopunctatus with D. maculatus instead of D. hallucatus. Similarly, Antechinus flavipes and A. stuartii appear to be closer to each other than either is to A. swainsonii. The historical biogeographic significance of the adopted phylogeny is considered, and it is concluded that the putative early Miocene separation of Australia and New Guinea was probably too early to account for the independent evolution of the New Guinean clade.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1997
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 03-11-2011
Abstract: Fossils of a marsupial mole (Marsupialia, Notoryctemorphia, Notoryctidae) are described from early Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia. These represent the first unequivocal fossil record of the order Notoryctemorphia, the two living species of which are among the world's most specialized and bizarre mammals, but which are also convergent on certain fossorial placental mammals (most notably chrysochlorid golden moles). The fossil remains are genuinely ‘transitional', documenting an intermediate stage in the acquisition of a number of specializations and showing that one of these—the dental morphology known as zalambdodonty—was acquired via a different evolutionary pathway than in placentals. They, thus, document a clear case of evolutionary convergence (rather than parallelism) between only distantly related and geographically isolated mammalian lineages—marsupial moles on the island continent of Australia and placental moles on most other, at least intermittently connected continents. In contrast to earlier presumptions about a relationship between the highly specialized body form of the blind, earless, burrowing marsupial moles and desert habitats, it is now clear that archaic burrowing marsupial moles were adapted to and probably originated in wet forest palaeoenvironments, preadapting them to movement through drier soils in the xeric environments of Australia that developed during the Neogene.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-08-2020
Publisher: Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization
Date: 2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.1666/04-218.1
Abstract: A partial skeleton (including both skull and postcranium) and referred dental material attributable to a new species of Oligo-Miocene kangaroo, Nambaroo gillespieae , are described from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia. The holotype specimen is one of the oldest articulated fossil kangaroo skeletons yet discovered and includes the first postcranial material definitively attributable to the extinct family Balbaridae. Functional-adaptive analysis (including comparisons with modern taxa) of the hindlimb and pedal elements suggests consistent use of quadrupedal progression rather than true hopping. Robust forelimbs and an opposable first pedal digit (lost in most macropodoids) might also indicate limited climbing ability. Cladistic analysis of 104 discrete cranio-dental and postcranial characters coded for 25 ingroup and one outgroup taxon places N. gillespieae in a plesiomorphic sister clade (also containing other Balbarids and the propleopine Ekaltadeta ima ) to all other macropodoids. This result supports recent revisions to the classification of kangaroos, which recognize Balbaridae as the most basal macropodoid family-level taxon.
Publisher: Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1111/LET.12131
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 22-05-0044
DOI: 10.1130/G32600C.1
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 19-12-2006
Abstract: New Zealand (NZ) has long been upheld as the archetypical ex le of a land where the biota evolved without nonvolant terrestrial mammals. Their absence before human arrival is mysterious, because NZ was still attached to East Antarctica in the Early Cretaceous when a variety of terrestrial mammals occupied the adjacent Australian portion of Gondwana. Here we report discovery of a nonvolant mammal from Miocene (19–16 Ma) sediments of the Manuherikia Group near St Bathans (SB) in Central Otago, South Island, NZ. A partial relatively plesiomorphic femur and two autapomorphically specialized partial mandibles represent at least one mouse-sized mammal of unknown relationships. The material implies the existence of one or more ghost lineages, at least one of which (based on the relatively plesiomorphic partial femur) spanned the Middle Miocene to at least the Early Cretaceous, probably before the time of ergence of marsupials and placentals Ma. Its presence in NZ in the Middle Miocene and apparent absence from Australia and other adjacent landmasses at this time appear to reflect a Gondwanan vicariant event and imply persistence of emergent land during the Oligocene marine transgression of NZ. Nonvolant terrestrial mammals disappeared from NZ some time since the Middle Miocene, possibly because of late Neogene climatic cooling.
Publisher: Biodiversity Heritage Library
Date: 1976
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-02-2021
DOI: 10.1111/EVO.14163
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-05-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP26911
Abstract: A new specimen of the bizarrely specialised Malleodectes mirabilis from middle Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area provides the first and only information about the molar dentition of this strange group of extinct marsupials. Apart from striking autapomorphies such as the enormous P3, other dental features such as stylar cusp D being larger than B suggest it belongs in the Order Dasyuromorphia. Phylogenetic analysis of 62 craniodental characters places Malleodectes within Dasyuromorphia albeit with weak support and without indication of specific relationships to any of the three established families (Dasyuridae, Myrmecobiidae and Thylacinidae). Accordingly we have allocated Malleodectes to the new family, Malleodectidae. Some features suggest potential links to previously named dasyuromorphians from Riversleigh (e.g., Ganbulanyi ) but these are too poorly known to test this possibility. Although the original interpretation of a steeply declining molar row in Malleodectes can be rejected, it continues to seem likely that malleodectids specialised on snails but probably also consumed a wider range of prey items including small vertebrates. Whatever their actual diet, malleodectids appear to have filled a niche in Australia’s rainforests that has not been occupied by any other mammal group anywhere in the world from the Miocene onwards.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1976
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-09-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JMOR.21642
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2023
DOI: 10.1017/JPA.2023.22
Abstract: Despite the recognition that bone histology provides much information about the life history and biology of extinct animals, osteohistology of extinct marsupials is sorely lacking. We studied the bone histology of the ca. 15-million-year-old Nimbadon lavarackorum from Australia to obtain insight into its biology. The histology of thin sections of five femora and five tibiae of juveniles, subadult, and adult Nimbadon lavarackorum was studied. Growth marks in the bones suggest that N . lavarackorum took at least 7–8 years (and likely longer) to reach skeletal maturity. The predominant bone tissue during early ontogeny is parallel-fibered bone, whereas an even slower rate of bone formation is indicated by the presence of lamellar bone tissue in the periosteal parts of the compacta in older in iduals. Deposition of bone was interrupted periodically by lines of arrested growth or annuli. This cyclical growth strategy indicates that growth in N . lavarackorum was affected by the prevailing environmental conditions and available resources, as well as seasonal physiological factors such as decreasing body temperatures and metabolic rates.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 25-02-2021
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.10857
Abstract: Sheath-tailed bats (Family Emballonuridae) from the early Pleistocene Rackham’s Roost Site cave deposit in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north-western Queensland are the oldest recorded occurrence for the family in Australia. The fossil remains consist of maxillary and dentary fragments, as well as isolated teeth, but until now their precise identity has not been assessed. Our study indicates that at least three taxa are represented, and these are distinguished from other Australian emballonurids based on morphometric analysis of craniodental features. Most of the Rackham’s Roost Site emballonurid remains are referrable to the modern species Taphozous georgianus Thomas, 1915, but the extant species T. troughtoni Tate, 1952 also appears to be present, as well as a very large, as-yet undetermined species of Saccolaimus Temminck, 1838. We identify craniodental features that clearly distinguish T. georgianus from the externally very similar T. troughtoni . Results suggest that the distributions of T. georgianus and T. troughtoni may have overlapped in north-western Queensland since at least the early Pleistocene.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1985
DOI: 10.1038/318363A0
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-11-2014
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 05-08-2009
Abstract: The New Zealand (NZ) lizard fossil record is currently limited to late Quaternary remains of modern taxa. The St Bathans Fauna (early Miocene, southern South Island) extends this record to 19–16 million years ago (Myr ago). Skull and postcranial elements are similar to extant Oligosoma (Lygosominae) skinks and Hoplodactylus (Diplodactylinae) geckos. There is no evidence of other squamate groups. These fossils, along with coeval sphenodontines, demonstrate a long conservative history for the NZ lepidosaurian fauna, provide new molecular clock calibrations and contradict inferences of a very recent (less than 8 Myr ago) arrival of skinks in NZ.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1666/09050.1
Abstract: Minimum S le Richness (MSR) is defined as the smallest number of taxa that must be recorded in a s le to achieve a given level of inter-assemblage classification accuracy. MSR is calculated from known or estimated richness and taxonomic similarity. Here we test MSR for strengths and weaknesses by using 167 published mammalian local faunas from the Paleogene and early Neogene of the Quercy and Limagne area (Massif Central, southwestern France), and then apply MSR to 84 Oligo-Miocene faunas from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia. In many cases, MSR is able to detect the assemblages in the data set that are potentially too incomplete to be used in a similarity-based comparative taxonomic analysis. The results show that the use of MSR significantly improves the quality of the clustering of fossil assemblages. We conclude that this method can screen s le assemblages that are not representative of their underlying original living communities. Ultimately, it can be used to identify which assemblages require further s ling before being included in a comparative analysis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 04-11-2019
Abstract: The fossil record provides important information about changes in species ersity, distribution, habitat and abundance through time. As we understand more about these changes, it becomes possible to envisage a wider range of options for translocations in a world where sustainability of habitats is under increasing threat. The Critically Endangered alpine/subalpine mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae), is threatened by global heating. Using conventional strategies, there would be no viable pathway for stopping this iconic marsupial from becoming extinct. The fossil record, however, has inspired an innovative strategy for saving this species. This lineage has been represented over 25 Myr by a series of species always inhabiting lowland, wet forest palaeocommunities. These fossil deposits have been found in what is now the Tirari Desert, South Australia (24 Ma), savannah woodlands of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland (approx. 24–15 Ma) and savannah grasslands of Hamilton, Victoria (approx. 4 Ma). This palaeoecological record has led to the proposal overviewed here to construct a lowland breeding facility with the goal of monitoring the outcome of introducing this possum back into the pre-Quaternary core habitat for the lineage. If this project succeeds, similar approaches could be considered for other climate-change-threatened Australian species such as the southern corroboree frog ( Pseudophryne corroboree ) and the western sw tortoise ( Pseudemydura umbrina ). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1071/MU13017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-09-1994
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 10-11-2022
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.123815.1
Abstract: Background : To gain an understanding of the intersection of risk factors between the most prevalent eye health conditions that are associated with vision impairment and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: A series of rapid reviews of reviews reporting on non-modifiable risk factors, age and sex, and modifiable risk factors, including social determinants, were conducted for five common eye health conditions that are the leading causes of vision impairment globally (refractive error including uncorrected refractive error, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy) and five prevalent NCDs (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, dementia, and depressive disorders). Articles published within approximately 5 years to the end of 2019 were identified through expert recommendation, PubMED, Ovid Medline, the Lancet Global Burden of Disease series, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and World Cancer Research Fund. Results: Of 9,213 records identified, 320 records were eligible. Eye health conditions and NCDs share many risk factors. Increased age was found to be the most common shared risk factor, associated with increased risks of AMD, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive error, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia. Other shared risk factors included smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption (mixed results), and physical activity was protective, though limited evidence was found for eye conditions. Social determinants are well documented as risk factors for NCDs. Conclusion: There is substantial overlap in common established risk factors for the most frequent vision impairing eye conditions and leading NCDs. Increasing efforts should be made to integrate preventative and risk reduction interventions to improve health, with greatest shared benefits for initiatives which aim to reduce smoking, improve diet, and promote physical activity.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-02-2016
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 26-05-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-12-2008
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 17-08-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 29-07-1998
Abstract: A reconstruction of the skull, dentary and dentition of the middle Miocene ornithorhynchid Obdurodon dicksoni has been made possible by acquisition of nearly complete cranial and dental material. Access to new anatomical work on the living platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus , and the present comparative study of the cranial foramina of Ob. dicksoni and Or. anatinus have provided new insights into the evolution of the ornithorhynchid skull. The hypertrophied bill in Ob. dicksoni is seen here as possibly apomorphic, although evidence from ontogenetic studies of Or. anatinus suggests that the basic form of the bill in Ob. dicksoni (where the rostral crura meet at the midline) may be ancestral to the form of the bill in Or. anatinus (where the rostral crura meet at the midline in the embryonic platypus but erge in the adult). Differences in the relative positions of cranial structures, and in the relationships of certain cranial foramina, indicate that the cranium may have become secondarily shortened in Or. anatinus , possibly evolving from a more elongate skull type such as that of Ob. dicksoni . The plesiomorphic dentary of Ob. dicksoni , with well–developed coronoid and angular processes, contrasts with the dentary of Or. anatinus , in which the processes are almost vestigial, as well as with the dentary of the late Oligocene, congeneric Ob. insignis , in which the angular process appears to be reduced (the coronoid process is missing). In this regard the dentary of Ob. insignis seems to be morphologically closer to Or. anatinus than is the dentary of the younger Ob. dicksoni . Phylogenetic conclusions differ from previous analyses in viewing the northern Australian Ob. dicksoni as possibly derived in possessing a hypertrophied bill and dorsoventrally flattened skull and dentary, perhaps being a specialized branch of the Obdurodon line rather than ancestral to species of Ornithorhynchus . The presence of functional teeth and the robust, flattened skull and dentary in Ob. dicksoni argue for differences in diet and lifestyle between this extinct ornithorhynchid and the living Ornithorhynchus .
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-03-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-05-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-05-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-05-2022
Abstract: The association between smoking and alcohol consumption and follicular lymphoma (FL) incidence and clinical outcome is uncertain. We conducted a population-based family case-control study (709 cases: 490 controls) in Australia. We assessed lifetime history of smoking and recent alcohol consumption and followed-up cases (median = 83 months). We examined associations with FL risk using unconditional logistic regression and with all-cause and FL-specific mortality of cases using Cox regression. FL risk was associated with ever smoking (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.08–1.74), former smoking (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.05–1.77), smoking initiation before age 17 (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.06–2.05), the highest categories of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.04–2.01), smoking duration (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.07–2.18) and pack-years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.10–2.22). For never smokers, FL risk increased for those exposed indoors to smokers during childhood (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11–3.04). For cases, current smoking and the highest categories of smoking duration and lifetime cigarette exposure were associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for current smoking and FL-specific mortality was 2.97 (95%CI = 0.91–9.72). We found no association between recent alcohol consumption and FL risk, all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed consistent evidence of an association between smoking and increased FL risk and possibly also FL-specific mortality. Strengthening anti-smoking policies and interventions may reduce the population burden of FL.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 07-12-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.06.410928
Abstract: Little is known about how the large brains of mammals are accommodated into the dazzling ersity of their skulls. It has been suggested that brain shape is influenced by relative brain size, that it evolves or develops according to extrinsic or intrinsic mechanical constraints, and that its shape can provide insights into its proportions and function. Here, we characterise the shape variation among 84 marsupial cranial endocasts of 57 species including fossils, using 3D geometric morphometrics and virtual dissections. Statistical shape analysis revealed four main patterns: over half of endocast shape variation ranges between elongate and straight to globular and inclined little allometric variation with respect to centroid size, and none for relative volume no association between locomotion and endocast shape limited association between endocast shape and previously published histological cortex volumes. Fossil species tend to have smaller cerebral hemispheres. We find ergent endocast shapes in closely related species and within species, and erse morphologies superimposed over the main variation. An evolutionarily and in idually malleable brain with a fundamental tendency to arrange into a spectrum of elongate-to-globular shapes – possibly mostly independent of brain function - may explain the accommodation of brains within the enormous ersity of mammalian skull form.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 13-02-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080832
Abstract: The nature and duration of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Australia are poorly understood, with little regional agreement on the timing and direction of LGM climate changes. One reason for this is that Australian Late Pleistocene terrestrial sediments typically are both sparse and inorganic, inhibiting the development of detailed radiocarbon chronologies. To address this problem, we extracted fossil pollen from radiometrically dated stalagmites collected in southwest Western Australia. Our pollen record, supported by 30 U‐Th dates, reveals the vegetation response to Late Pleistocene climates between ~34 and 14 ka, through the body of the LGM. Before ~28 ka, sclerophyll forests were more open than today, but at ~28 ka forest cover was essentially eliminated, and treeless conditions were maintained until progressive reforestation at ~17.5 ka. This ~10‐ka‐long full glacial episode correlates with other mid‐high latitude Southern Hemisphere records, suggesting that LGM environmental changes were closely coordinated across the hemisphere.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 07-07-2014
Abstract: Cypridoidean ostracods are one of a number of animal taxa that reproduce with giant sperm, up to 10 000 µm in length, but they are the only group to have aflagellate, filamentous giant sperm. The evolution and function of this highly unusual feature of reproduction with giant sperm are currently unknown. The hypothesis of long-term evolutionary persistence of this kind of reproduction has never been tested. We here report giant sperm discovered by propagation phase contrast X-ray synchrotron micro- and nanotomography, preserved in five Miocene ostracod specimens from Queensland, Australia. The specimens belong to the species Heterocypris collaris Matzke-Karasz et al . 2013 (one male and three females) and Newnhamia mckenziana Matzke-Karasz et al . 2013 (one female). The sperm are not only the oldest petrified gametes on record, but include three-dimensional subcellular preservation. We provide direct evidence that giant sperm have been a feature of this taxon for at least 16 Myr and provide an additional criterion (i.e. longevity) to test hypotheses relating to origin and function of giant sperm in the animal kingdom. We further argue that the highly resistant, most probably chitinous coats of giant ostracod sperm may play a role in delaying decay processes, favouring early mineralization of soft tissue.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1994
Location: Australia
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
No related grants have been discovered for Michael Archer.