ARDC Research Link Australia

ORCID Profile
Orcid icon. 0000-0003-0995-0072

Current Organisations
Cornell University , University of York , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , JC Mack LLC , Clint MacDonald

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Publications

Publication

The phonon Hall viscosity of ionic crystals

Publisher: arXiv

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2205.13666

Publication

Emerging exciton physics in transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-05-2022

DOI: 10.1038/S41578-022-00440-1

Publication

The 2014-17 Global Coral Bleaching Event: The Most Severe and Widespread Coral Reef Destruction

Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC

Date: 06-06-2022

DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1555992/V1

Abstract: Ocean warming is increasing the incidence, scale, and severity of global-scale coral bleaching and mortality, culminating in the third global coral bleaching event that occurred during record marine heatwaves of 2014-2017. While local effects of these events have been widely reported, the global implications remain unknown. Analysis of 15,066 reef surveys during 2014-2017 revealed that 80% of surveyed reefs experienced significant coral bleaching and 35% experienced significant coral mortality. The global extent of significant coral bleaching and mortality was assessed by extrapolating results from reef surveys using comprehensive remote-sensing data of regional heat stress. This model predicted that 51% of the world’s coral reefs suffered significant bleaching and 15% significant mortality, surpassing damage from any prior global bleaching event. These observations demonstrate that global warming’s widespread damage to coral reefs is accelerating and underscores the threat anthropogenic climate change poses for the irreversible transformation of these essential ecosystems.

Publication

Growth and diet for boys and girls of school age

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 18-09-1926

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.2.3428.542

Publication

Electrostatic Interactions between CSTF2 and pre-mRNA Drive Cleavage and Polyadenylation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.BPJ.2022.01.005

Publication

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with kidney impairment

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.KINT.2022.02.019

Abstract: The benefit and utility of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with kidney impairment is unclear. Here, we describe implementation of hs-cTnI testing on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of myocardial infarction in patients with and without kidney impairment. Consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome enrolled in a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized controlled trial were included in this pre-specified secondary analysis. Kidney impairment was defined as an eGFR under 60mL/min/1.73m

Publication

Isolation of human and mouse myeloid-derived suppressor cells for metabolic analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.XPRO.2022.101389

Publication

Characterization of apodized fiber Bragg gratings for rejection filter applications

Publisher: Optica Publishing Group

Date: 20-12-1997

DOI: 10.1364/AO.36.009378

Abstract: Apodized fiber Bragg gratings with > or = 30-dB sidelobe suppression +/-1 nm from the Bragg center wavelength are spatially characterized with side-scatter and side-diffraction techniques. Resonant side scatter is suppressed, indicating that little dispersion arises from reflections off the grating boundaries.

Publication

Circadian Rhythm Disruption Increases Tumor Growth Rate and Accumulation of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-06-2022

DOI: 10.1002/ADBI.202200031

Abstract: Circadian rhythm disruption is implicated in the initiation and progression of many diseases, including cancer. External stimuli, such as sunlight, serve to synchronize physiological processes and cellular functions to a 24‐h cycle. The immune system is controlled by circadian rhythms, and perturbation of these rhythms can potentially alter the immune response to infections and tumors. The effect of circadian rhythm disruption on the immune response to tumors remains unclear. Specifically, the effects of circadian disruption (CD) on immunosuppressive cell types within the tumor, such as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are unknown. In this study, a shifting lighting schedule is used to disrupt the circadian rhythm of mice. After acclimation to lighting schedules, mice are inoculated with 4T1 or B16‐F10 tumors. Tumor growth is increased in mice housed under circadian disrupting lighting conditions compared to standard lighting conditions. Analysis of immune populations within the spleen and tumor shows an increased accumulation of MDSCs within these tissues, suggesting that MDSC mediated immunosuppression plays a role in the enhanced tumor growth caused by circadian disruption. This paves the way for future studies of the effects of CD on immunosuppression in cancer.

Publication

Incivility in practice - incidence and experiences of nursing students in eastern Canada: A descriptive quantitative study.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2021.105263

Abstract: Incivility within nursing is professionally unacceptable. Little research exists regarding student nurses' experiences with incivility from healthcare professionals and others within the clinical environment and particularly within a Canadian context. To describe the incidence and perceptions of incivility experienced by undergraduate nursing students from healthcare professionals and others within clinical practice. This descriptive study used an electronic survey and was conducted at an eastern Canadian university. Descriptive statistics were applied. Of 650 nursing students invited to participate in the study, 260 surveys were fully completed. Of these, 70% of respondents indicated experiencing incivility, mostly in acute care settings. Registered nurses and licensed practical nurses were the major offenders. Discourteous gestures and condescending remarks were the most frequently experienced uncivil acts, resulting in feelings of high anxiety and inadequacy. Participants coped by avoiding communication with the perpetrator. Incivility was rarely reported because of a belief it would be fruitless to do so, lack of awareness of policies and fear of retaliation. Nursing students experience incivility frequently in clinical practice with serious consequences. Recommendations arising from this study encourage educators and healthcare leaders to collaborate to review, implement and evaluate curricula, policies and processes to address incivility.

Publication

Response of the plant core microbiome toFusarium oxysporuminfection and identification of the pathobiome

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 11-05-2022

DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.11.491565

Abstract: Plant core microbiomes consist of persistent key members that provide critical host functions, but their assemblages can be interrupted by biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathobiome is comprised of dynamic microbial interactions in response to disease status of the host. Hence, identifying variation in the core microbiome and pathobiome can significantly advance our understanding of microbial-microbial interactions and consequences for disease progression and host functions. In this study, we combined glasshouse and field studies to analyse the soil and plant rhizosphere microbiome of cotton plants ( Gossypium hirsutum ) in the presence of a cotton-specific fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV). We found that FOV directly and consistently altered the rhizosphere microbiome, but the biocontrol agents enabled microbial assemblages to resist pathogenic stress. Using co-occurrence network analysis of the core microbiome, we identified the pathobiome comprised of the pathogen and key associate phylotypes in the cotton microbiome. Isolation and application of some negatively correlated pathobiome members provided protection against plant infection. Importantly, our field survey from multiple cotton fields validated the pattern and responses of core microbiomes under FOV infection. This study advances key understanding of core microbiome responses and existence of plant pathobiomes, which provides a novel framework to better manage plant diseases in agriculture and natural settings.

Publication

Endosomal cargo recycling mediated by Gpa1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is inhibited by glucose starvation

Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)

Date: 04-2022

DOI: 10.1091/MBC.E21-04-0163

Abstract: It is shown that glucose starvation elevates the Gα subunit Gpa2, which inhibits PI3K activity and endosomal recycling. Increased Gpa2 binds the PI3K effector Gpa1 at the surface, perturbing endosomal PtdIns3P production and inhibiting cargo recycling. Inhibition of recycling promotes cargo degradation in response to glucose starvation.

Publication

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Choice of Treatment for Hand Fractures: A Single-Centre Concordance Study.

Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd

Date: 31-03-2022

DOI: 10.1142/S2424835522500394

Abstract: Background: Management of hand trauma has evolved to incorporate assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of patients in a ‘one-stop’ clinic on initial presentation. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the choice of treatment for hand fractures using inter-rater agreement between surgeons. Methods: All patients with hand fractures during the COVID-19 lockdown from March to May 2020 were included in the study. Two experienced hand surgeons blinded to management and outcomes independently reviewed radiographic images and relevant clinical history to provide their opinion on optimal treatment. Weighted kappa analysis was performed to determine concordance and inter-rater agreement between the two surgeons and actual management. Results: The study included 82 patients (62 men and 20 women) with a mean age of 40.3 (SD 19.7). The injuries occurred most often at home following an accident (34%) or a fall (28%). Fractures involved the metacarpals in 29 patients and the distal phalanx in 22 patients. Thirty-five patients underwent surgery, whereas 47 were managed conservatively. Overall agreement between actual management and consultant A and consultant B was moderate (κ = 0.55, p 0.0001 and κ = 0.63, p 0.0001, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed a weak agreement between actual management of metacarpal fractures and consultant A and consultant B (κ = 0.22, p = 0.29 and κ = 0.47, p = 0.02, respectively). Inter-rater agreement was substantial for management of metacarpal fractures (κ = 0.73, p 0.0001), but weak for distal phalanx fractures (κ = 0.29, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study has shown that overall management of hand fractures remained optimised throughout the pandemic. However, a lack of concordance was observed in the management of metacarpals. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)

Publication

Validation of the myocardial-ischaemic-injury-index machine learning algorithm to guide the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in a heterogenous population: a prespecified exploratory analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2022

DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00025-5

Publication

The Milk Question

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 1934

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.1.3822.643-B

Publication

Blue man: Ochronosis in Otolaryngology

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-2022

DOI: 10.1002/CCR3.5717

Abstract: Blue discoloration of the skin and cartilage, or ochronosis, is a rare physical examination finding. We present two cases of childhood onset ochronosis, one exogenous and one endogenous in etiology. The first was caused by minocycline use for severe acne, and the second was caused by congenital alkaptonuria.

Publication

Correlating viscosity and molecular crowding with fluorescent nanobeads and molecular probes: in vitro and in vivo

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 27-06-2022

DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.27.497768

Abstract: In eukaryotes, intracellular physicochemical properties like macromolecular crowding and cytoplasmic viscoelasticity influence key processes such as metabolic activities, molecular diffusion, and protein folding. However, mapping crowding and viscoelasticity in living cells remains challenging. One approach uses passive rheology in which diffusion of exogenous fluorescent particles internalised in cells is tracked and physicochemical properties inferred from derived mean square displacement relations. Recently, the crGE2.3 Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensor was developed to quantify crowding in cells, though it is unclear how this readout depends on viscoelasticity and the molecular weight of the crowder. Here, we present correlative, multidimensional data to explore diffusion and molecular crowding characteristics of molecular crowding agents using super-resolved fluorescence microscopy and ensemble time-resolved spectroscopy. We firstly characterise in vitro and then apply these insights to live cells of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . It is to our knowledge the first time this has been attempted. We demonstrate that these are usable both in vitro and in the case of endogenously expressed sensors in live cells. Finally, we present a method to internalise fluorescent beads as in situ viscoelasticity markers in the cytoplasm of live yeast cells, and discuss limitations of this approach including impairment of cellular function.

Publication

Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 08-02-2022

DOI: 10.1001/JAMA.2022.0028

Publication

Bulk and edge properties of twisted double bilayer graphene

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-12-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41567-021-01419-5

Publication

Hemispherectomy for hemimegalencephaly in a 6.5-week-old infant with tuberous sclerosis complex

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-01-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S00381-021-05431-1

Abstract: The aim of this report is to present a unique case of hemimegalencephaly and concomitant tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1 mutation) with severe neonatal-onset epilepsy, which successfully underwent an anatomical hemispherectomy at 6.5 weeks of age for refractory seizures. Genetic testing confirmed a rare pathogenic, sporadic, heterozygous c.2041 + 1G > A gene mutation in intron 16 of the TSC1 gene, diagnostic for tuberous sclerosis. Post-operatively, the infant remained seizure free for at least 1 year. Following recurrence of her seizures, she has continued on multiple anti-seizure medications and everolimus therapy. We review the pathological and molecular features of this condition and highlight the ethics of intervention and steps taken toward safe neurosurgical intervention in this very young infant.

Publication

Cascade Immune Mechanisms of Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IMPAc-TB): study protocol for the Household Contact Study in the Western Cape, South Africa

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-04-2022

DOI: 10.1186/S12879-022-07349-8

Abstract: Natural immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exists, and 90% of those infected remain disease-free. Innate and adaptive immune responses required to mediate such protection against tuberculosis (TB) are, however, poorly understood. This is an analytical study exploring protective and non-protective pathways of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Adults without HIV infection are recruited at community healthcare clinics in high TB incidence areas of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Data regarding participants’ medical, social and medication usage will be collected, and clinical examinations and point-of-care tests documented. Reference tests for TB (chest radiographs and sputum tests for GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra®, Auramine smear and liquid cultures) and investigations to classify infection states [interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasopharyngeal swab and IgG], are done on all participants who meet the inclusion criteria. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computerized tomography will be done on all close contacts (contacts) and healthy control (controls) participants. Participants are ided into 12 study groups representing a spectrum of TB clinical phenotypes and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their TB status, exposure history, results of IGRA test at baseline and 3 months, SARS-CoV-2 serology, and PCR results, and for contacts and controls, PET-CT imaging findings indicative of sub-clinical TB lesions. S les for experimental assays include whole blood for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and blood in PAXgene® tubes for RNA isolation. All SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative study participants undergo bronchoscopy for collecting bronchoalveolar lavage s les. The paired blood and BAL s les will be used for comprehensive analyses of the tissue-specific and systemic immunity that will include e.g., cytometry by time-of-flight analyses, RNA-sequencing, multiplex immunoassays, epigenetic analysis, and mechanistic studies of control of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Results will be integrated with those from mice and non-human primate studies to provide a comprehensive analysis of protective pathways in natural and vaccine-induced immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

Publication

BugSplit enables genome-resolved metagenomics through highly accurate taxonomic binning of metagenomic assemblies

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-02-2022

DOI: 10.1038/S42003-022-03114-4

Abstract: A large gap remains between sequencing a microbial community and characterizing all of the organisms inside of it. Here we develop a novel method to taxonomically bin metagenomic assemblies through alignment of contigs against a reference database. We show that this workflow, BugSplit, bins metagenome-assembled contigs to species with a 33% absolute improvement in F1-score when compared to alternative tools. We perform nanopore mNGS on patients with COVID-19, and using a reference database predating COVID-19, demonstrate that BugSplit’s taxonomic binning enables sensitive and specific detection of a novel coronavirus not possible with other approaches. When applied to nanopore mNGS data from cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, BugSplit’s taxonomic binning accurately separates pathogen sequences from those of the host and microbiota, and unlocks the possibility of sequence typing, in silico serotyping, and antimicrobial resistance prediction of each organism within a s le. BugSplit is available at cademic .

Publication

Re. Weight Change and the Onset of Cardiovascular Diseases: Emulating Trials Using Electronic Health Records.

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 29-10-2022

DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001437

Publication

Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society

Date: 17-03-2022

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMOA2116414

Publication

Determining the optimal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dosing interval for maximum immunogenicity

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 04-03-2022

DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.01.482592

Abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that longer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dosing intervals results in an enhanced immune response. However, the optimal vaccine dosing interval for achieving maximum immunogenicity is unclear. This study included s les from adult paramedics in Canada who received two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines and provided blood s les 6 months (170 to 190 days) after the first vaccine dose. The main exposure variable was vaccine dosing interval (days), categorized as “ short ” (first quartile), “ moderate ” (second quartile), “ long ” (third quartile), and “ longest” interval (fourth quartile). The primary outcome was total spike antibody concentrations, measured using the Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay. Secondary outcomes included: spike and RBD IgG antibody concentrations, and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) binding to wild-type spike protein and several different Delta variant spike proteins. We fit a multiple log-linear regression model to investigate the association between vaccine dosing intervals and the antibody concentrations. A total of 564 adult paramedics (mean age 40 years, SD=10) were included. Compared to “short interval” (≤30 days), higher dosing interval quartiles ( moderate : 31-38 days long : 39-73 days and longest : ≥74 days) were all associated with increased Elescys spike total antibody concentration. Compared to the short interval, “ long ” and “ longest ” interval quartiles were associated with higher spike and RBD IgG antibody concentrations. Similarly, increasing dosing intervals increased inhibition of ACE-2 binding to viral spike protein, regardless of the vaccine type. Increased mRNA vaccine dosing intervals longer than 30 days result in higher levels of circulating antibodies and viral neutralization when assessed at 6 months.

Publication

Author Correction: Graphene bilayers with a twist

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-01-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41563-020-00917-W

Publication

The cost-effectiveness of antenatal and postnatal education and support interventions for women aimed at promoting breastfeeding in the UK

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-01-2022

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-12446-5

Abstract: Breastfeeding is associated with health benefits to mothers and babies and cost-savings to the health service. Breastfeeding rates in the UK are low for various reasons including cultural barriers, inadequate support to initiate and sustain breastfeeding, lack of information, or choice not to breastfeed. Education and support interventions have been developed aiming at promoting breastfeeding rates. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of such interventions for women, initiated antenatally or in the first 8 weeks postnatally, aiming at improving breastfeeding rates, in the UK. A decision-analytic model was constructed to compare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of a breastfeeding intervention from the perspective of health and personal social services in England. Data on intervention effectiveness and the benefits of breastfeeding were derived from systematic reviews. Other model input parameters were obtained from published sources, supplemented by expert opinion. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the modelled intervention added on standard care versus standard care was £51,946/QALY, suggesting that the intervention is not cost-effective under National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria in England. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the cost-effectiveness of the intervention improved as its effectiveness increased and intervention cost decreased. At the base-case effect (increase in breastfeeding rates 16–26 weeks after birth by 19%), the intervention was cost-effective ( £20,000/QALY) if its cost per woman receiving the intervention became ≈£40–£45. At the base-case cost (£84), the intervention was cost-effective if it increased breastfeeding rates by at least 35–40%. Available breastfeeding interventions do not appear to be cost-effective under NICE criteria in England. Future breastfeeding interventions need to have higher effectiveness or lower cost compared with currently available interventions in order to become cost-effective. Public health and other societal interventions that protect, promote and support breastfeeding may be key in improving breastfeeding rates in the UK.

Publication

Healthy diet associated with better asthma outcomes in elderly women of the French Asthma-E3N study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-02-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S00394-022-02815-0

Abstract: The impact of a healthy diet on asthma prevention and management, particularly among elderly women, remains poorly understood. We investigated whether a healthy diet would be associated with fewer asthma symptoms, and, among women with asthma, with reduced uncontrolled asthma and metabolic-related multimorbidity. We included 12,991 elderly women (mean age = 63 years) from the Asthma-E3N study, a nested case–control study within the French E3N cohort. Negative binomial regressions were used to analyse associations between a healthy diet [evaluated by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010)] and a validated asthma symptom score, and logistic regressions to analyse associations between the AHEI-2010 with the asthma control test and multimorbidity profiles previously identified by clustering methods on medications used. After adjustment for potential confounders, a linear inverse association was found between the AHEI-2010 score and the asthma symptom score [mean score ratio (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.75–0.90) for the highest versus lowest quintile p for trend 0.0001]. In addition, women in the highest versus lowest AHEI-2010 tertile were at a lower risk to belong to the “Predominantly metabolic multimorbidity-related medications profile” compared to the “Few multimorbidity-related medications" profile [OR 0.80 (0.63–1.00) for tertile 3 p for trend = 0.05 n = 3474]. Our results show that a healthy dietary intake could play an important role in the prevention and management of asthma over the life course.

Publication

Evaluation of the Performance of a Multiplexed Serological Assay in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Predominantly Vaccinated Population

Publisher: American Society for Microbiology

Date: 23-02-2022

DOI: 10.1128/SPECTRUM.01454-21

Abstract: Among a cohort of adult paramedics in Canada, we investigated the performance of nucleocapsid (N) antibody detection (measured with a V-PLEX assay) to identify previous COVID-19 infections and compared differences among vaccinated and unvaccinated. Our data indicate that vaccinated and unvaccinated groups require different thresholds to achieve optimal test performance, especially for detecting COVID-19 within the preceding 9 months.

Publication

Pastures and Climate Extremes: Impacts of Cool Season Warming and Drought on the Productivity of Key Pasture Species in a Field Experiment

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 07-03-2022

DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2022.836968

Abstract: Shifts in the timing, intensity and/or frequency of climate extremes, such as severe drought and heatwaves, can generate sustained shifts in ecosystem function with important ecological and economic impacts for rangelands and managed pastures. The Pastures and Climate Extremes experiment (PACE) in Southeast Australia was designed to investigate the impacts of a severe winter/spring drought (60% rainfall reduction) and, for a subset of species, a factorial combination of drought and elevated temperature (ambient +3°C) on pasture productivity. The experiment included nine common pasture and Australian rangeland species from three plant functional groups (C 3 grasses, C 4 grasses and legumes) planted in monoculture. Winter/spring drought resulted in productivity declines of 45% on average and up to 74% for the most affected species ( Digitaria eriantha ) during the 6-month treatment period, with eight of the nine species exhibiting significant yield reductions. Despite considerable variation in species’ sensitivity to drought, C 4 grasses were more strongly affected by this treatment than C 3 grasses or legumes. Warming also had negative effects on cool-season productivity, associated at least partially with exceedance of optimum growth temperatures in spring and indirect effects on soil water content. The combination of winter/spring drought and year-round warming resulted in the greatest yield reductions. We identified responses that were either additive ( Festuca ), or less-than-additive ( Medicago ), where warming reduced the magnitude of drought effects. Results from this study highlight the sensitivity of erse pasture species to increases in winter and spring drought severity similar to those predicted for this region, and that anticipated benefits of cool-season warming are unlikely to be realized. Overall, the substantial negative impacts on productivity suggest that future, warmer, drier climates will result in shortfalls in cool-season forage availability, with profound implications for the livestock industry and natural grazer communities.

Publication

Visualizing the interplay of Dirac mass gap and magnetism at nanoscale in intrinsic magnetic topological insulators

Publisher: arXiv

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2205.09195

Publication

Nocturnal incontinence in children

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 27-12-1930

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.2.3651.1103-A

Publication

Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2022

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00163-5

Publication

Body Image Concerns in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Longitudinal Study

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 24-03-2022

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2022.816587

Abstract: Head and neck cancer (HNC) treatments are known to significantly affect functionality and appearance, leading to an increased risk for body image disturbances. Yet, few longitudinal studies exist to examine body image in these patients. Based on a conceptual model, the current study aimed to determine, in patients newly diagnosed with HNC: (1) the prevalence, level, and course of body image concerns (2) correlates of upon cancer diagnosis (pre-treatment) body image concerns (3) predictors of immediate post-treatment body image concerns and (4) association between body image concerns and levels of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, support (i.e., satisfaction with support from physician, social/family wellbeing, and unmet support needs), and alcohol and drug misuse. Two hundred and twenty-three (participation rate = 72%), newly diagnosed with a primary HNC were assessed using structured clinical interviews and psychometric measures at three, and 6 months after diagnosis. Primary outcome was 3-month, as it was most salient to body image disturbance. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on the potential body image predictors, based on the model. Sixty-eight percent of patients with HNC ( n = 148 of 218) presented some level of body image concerns. Body image concerns at baseline (i.e., upon cancer diagnosis, pre-treatment) and post-treatment were significantly related and significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment. Immediately post-treatment (i.e., at 3 month follow-up), 89% ( n = 132 of 148) presented some level of body image concerns. Correlates of body image concerns in patients with HNC at baseline included: physical symptom burden, difficulties with communication and eating, coping with the cancer diagnosis using denial, suicidal ideation, and having had a past anxiety diagnosis. When controlling for sociodemographic and medical variables, body image concerns in patients with HNC in the immediate post-treatment were predicted by: baseline body image, physical symptom burden, and neuroticism. This longitudinal study helps identify patients more susceptible to experience body image disturbance following head and neck cancer. Clinicians ought to pay special attention to body image concerns upon cancer diagnosis, physical symptom burden, and neuroticism, and may want to target these factors in future preventive interventions.

Publication

Nonlocal Interactions in Moiré Hubbard Systems

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 24-05-2022

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.128.217202

Publication

The Milk Question

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 28-04-1934

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.1.3825.774

Publication

Discovering domains important to health-related quality of life in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMJSURG.2022.05.023

Publication

Research priorities to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Publisher: International Global Health Society

Date: 15-04-2022

DOI: 10.7189/JOGH.12.09003

Publication

Grating-free quantitative phase retrieval for x-ray phase-contrast imaging with conventional sources

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 22-07-2022

DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/AC741D

Abstract: X-ray phase-contrast imaging can display subtle differences in low-density materials (e.g. soft tissues) more readily than conventional x-ray imaging. However, producing x-ray phase images requires significant spatial coherence of the beam which in turn requires highly specialized sources such as synchrotrons, small and low power microfocus sources, or complex procedures, such as multiple exposures with several carefully stepped precision gratings. To find appropriate approaches for producing x-ray phase-contrast imaging in a clinically meaningful way, we employed a grating-free method that utilized a low-cost, coarse wire mesh and simple processing. This method relaxes the spatial coherence constraint and allows quantitative phase retrieval for not only monochromatic but also polychromatic beams. We also combined the mesh-based system with polycapillary optics to significantly improve the accuracy of quantitative phase retrieval.

Publication

Layer Pseudospin Magnetism in Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide Double-Moirés

Publisher: arXiv

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2205.13151

Publication

The Effect of Lithium on the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon Stress Adaptation

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 09-03-2022

DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS10030590

Abstract: Lithium salts are used in the treatment of mood disorders, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. It has been shown to prolong life span in several phyla however, not yet in budding yeast. In our study, we investigate the influence of lithium on yeast cells’ viability by characterizing protein aggregate formation, cell volume, and molecular crowding in the context of stress adaptation. While our data suggest a concentration-dependent growth inhibition caused by LiCl, we show an extended long-term survival rate as an effect of lithium addition upon glucose deprivation. We show that caloric restriction mitigates the negative impact of LiCl on cellular survival. Therefore, we suggest that lithium could affect glucose metabolism upon caloric restriction, which could explain the extended long-term survival observed in our study. We find furthermore that lithium chloride did not affect an immediate salt-induced Hsp104-dependent aggregate formation but cellular adaptation to H2O2 and acute glucose starvation. We presume that different salt types and concentrations interfere with effective Hsp104 recruitment or its ATP-dependent disaggregase activity as a response to salt stress. This work provides novel details of Li+ effect on live eukaryotic cells which may also be applicable in further research on the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer’s, or other age-related diseases in humans.

Publication

Alterations in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Status and Disease Severity

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 13-06-2022

DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.13.22276358

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing public health emergency has emphasized the need to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The human microbiome has been shown to regulate the host immune system and may influence host susceptibility to viral infection, as well as disease severity. Several studies have assessed whether compositional alterations in the nasopharyngeal microbiota are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the results of these studies were varied, and many did not account for disease severity. This study aims to examine whether compositional differences in the nasopharyngeal microbiota are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status and disease severity. We performed Nanopore full-length 16S rRNA sequencing on 194 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from hospitalized and community-dwelling SARS-CoV-2-infected and uninfected in iduals. Sequence data analysis was performed using the BugSeq 16S analysis pipeline. We found significant beta (PERMANOVA p 0.05), but not alpha (Kruskal-Wallis p 0.05) ersity differences in the nasopharyngeal microbiota among our study groups. We identified several differentially abundant taxa associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status and disease severity using ALDEx2. Finally, we observed a trend towards higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in specimens from hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. This study identified several alterations in the nasopharyngeal microbiome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status and disease severity. Understanding the role of the microbiome in infection susceptibility and severity may open new avenues of research for disease prevention and treatment.

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