ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5996-0570
Current Organisations
Newcastle University
,
UNSW Sydney
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Environmental Science and Management | Conservation And Biodiversity | Host-Parasite Interactions | Phylogeny and Comparative Analysis | Veterinary Microbiology (excl. Virology) | Invertebrate Biology | Veterinary Epidemiology | Global Change Biology | Evolutionary Biology | Spatial Information Systems | Veterinary Sciences | Biogeography | Land And Parks Management | Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Control of Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species at Regional or Larger Scales | Climate change | Pigs | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Beef Cattle | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Biological sciences | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Mathematical sciences
Related Links
Publications
Critical parameters for modelling the spread of foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268809002829
Abstract: A series of simulation experiments was conducted to determine how estimates of the latent and infectious periods, number of neighbours (contacts) and population size impact on the predicted magnitude and distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in white-tailed deer in southern Texas. Outbreaks were simulated using a previously developed and applied susceptible–latent–infected–recovered geographic automata model. There were substantial differences in the estimated predicted number of deer and locations infected, based on the model parameters used (3779–119 879 deer infected and 227–6526 locations affected). There were also substantial differences in the spatial risk of infection based on the model parameters used. The predicted spread of FMD was found to be most sensitive to the assumed latent period and the assumed number of contacts. How these parameters are estimated is likely to be critical in studies on the impact of FMD spread in situations in which wildlife reservoirs might potentially exist.
Phylogenetic approaches reveal biodiversity threats under climate change
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3126
Phylogenetic generalised dissimilarity modelling: A new approach to analysing and predicting spatial turnover in the phylogenetic composition of communities
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2014
Extinction of South American sparassodontans (Metatheria): environmental fluctuations or complex ecological processes?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PALA.12272
Phenotypic heterogeneity in m.3243A>G mitochondrial disease: The role of nuclear factors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/ACN3.532
Phylodiversity to inform conservation policy: An Australian example
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.04.113
Abstract: Phylo ersity measures summarise the phylogenetic ersity patterns of groups of organisms. By using branches of the tree of life, rather than its tips (e.g., species), phylo ersity measures provide important additional information about bio ersity that can improve conservation policy and outcomes. As a bio erse nation with a strong legislative and policy framework, Australia provides an opportunity to use phylogenetic information to inform conservation decision-making. We explored the application of phylo ersity measures across Australia with a focus on two highly bio erse regions, the south west of Western Australia (SWWA) and the South East Queensland bioregion (SEQ). We analysed seven erse groups of organisms spanning five separate phyla on the evolutionary tree of life, the plant genera Acacia and Daviesia, mammals, hylid frogs, myobatrachid frogs, passerine birds, and camaenid land snails. We measured species richness, weighted species endemism (WE) and two phylo ersity measures, phylogenetic ersity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE), as well as their respective complementarity scores (a measure of gains and losses) at 20 km resolution. Higher PD was identified within SEQ for all fauna groups, whereas more PD was found in SWWA for both plant groups. PD and PD complementarity were strongly correlated with species richness and species complementarity for most groups but less so for plants. PD and PE were found to complement traditional species-based measures for all groups studied: PD and PE follow similar spatial patterns to richness and WE, but highlighted different areas that would not be identified by conventional species-based bio ersity analyses alone. The application of phylo ersity measures, particularly the novel weighted complementary measures considered here, in conservation can enhance protection of the evolutionary history that contributes to present day bio ersity values of areas. Phylogenetic measures in conservation can include important elements of bio ersity in conservation planning, such as evolutionary potential and feature ersity that will improve decision-making and lead to better bio ersity conservation outcomes.
Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 24-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.216119
Abstract: Broad-scale quantitative assessments of bio ersity and the factors shaping it remain particularly poorly explored in insects. Here, we undertook a spatial phylogenetic analysis of North American butterflies via assembly of a time-calibrated phylogeny of the region coupled with a unique, complete range assessment for ~75% of the known species. We utilized a suite of phylo ersity metrics and associated environmental data to test whether climate stability and temperature gradients have shaped North American butterfly phylogenetic ersity and endemism. We also undertook the first direct, quantitative comparisons of spatial phylogenetic patterns between butterflies and flowering plants in North America. We expected concordance between butterflies and angiosperms based on both shared historical environmental drivers and presumed strong butterfly-host plant specializations. We instead found that bio ersity patterns in butterflies are strikingly different from flowering plants in some regions of the continent. In particular, the warm desert regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico showed surprisingly high butterfly phylogenetic ersity and endemism, in contrast to much lower values for angiosperms. Butterflies did not show patterns of phylogenetic clustering as found in flowering plants, suggesting differences in habitat conservation between the two groups. Finally, we found weak relationships and spatially structured biases in relative branching timing between angiosperms and butterflies. These results suggest that shared biogeographic histories and trophic associations do not necessarily assure similar ersity outcomes. The work has applied value in conservation planning, documenting warm deserts as an important North American butterfly bio ersity hotspot.
Spatial non-stationarity and anisotropy of compositional turnover in eastern Australian Myrtaceae species
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2012
Collective orientation by nocturnally migrating Australian plague locusts, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): A radar study
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-1983
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300009287
Abstract: The collective orientation of Chortoicetes terminifera (Wlk.) migrating at night in New South Wales was studied with a radar. Measurements of the distribution of insect echoes on the radar's plan-position-indicator display provide information about the variation of both the direction and the degree of orientation with both height and time. A quantitative analysis procedure used in a detailed study of one particularly interesting series of observations is described. It was found that collective orientation occurred frequently, and that it sometimes became very well-developed. The direction of orientation remained approximately constant for long periods, but did not appear to be consistently related to any obvious directional cue changes in direction were observed on occasions, however, and one such change was clearly associated with a change in the direction of the wind. The degree of collective orientation was a rather more variable quantity than the direction, and increases in degree were sometimes associated with increases in the number of locusts arriving at the observation site.
Species distribution and diversity, habitat selection and connectivity: introduction to the Third Special Issue on Spatial Ecology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-04-2014
The impact of seasonal variability in wildlife populations on the predicted spread of foot and mouth disease
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 13-01-2009
Effect of Saturation and Image Resolution on Representative Elementary Volume and Topological Quantification: An Experimental Study on Bentheimer Sandstone Using Micro-CT
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2021
The impact of the 2019–2020 wildfires on beetles (Coleoptera) in the forests of north-eastern New South Wales
Publisher: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
Date: 13-07-2022
DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2022.030
Abstract: A survey of the beetles (Coleoptera) in post-2019–20 burnt and unburnt forests in northeast New South Wales is described. The survey focussed on groups that were well-represented from previous surveys, easily trapped and taxonomically well known at species level. The principal target group comprised 12 species of Scarabaeinae (dung beetles) which had been listed as potentially significantly impacted by the 2019–20 fires. The results indicate that most species are fire tolerant and no species could be considered threatened by the fires.
Space, time, connectivity and conflict in biological landscapes: the fourth special issue on spatial ecology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2016
Impact of Black Summer 2019/20 Wildfires on True Bug Priority Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the Northeast Forests of New South Wales
Publisher: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
Date: 10-08-2022
DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2022.032
Abstract: This study examined the impact of the Black Summer 2019/20 wildfires in the Northeast Forests of New South Wales for seven priority heteropteran (= true bug) species, across a range of vegetation classes and host plants. Our area of study spanned 104,000 km2, from the Queensland border to the Hunter Valley, and west towards Narrabri. We used data primarily from the Plant Bug Inventory database, inclusive of all phytophagous families of the suborder Heteroptera. We identified 122 survey sites based on their distribution in historical collection data and that of their known host plants. These sites were parsed into unburnt (69 locations) and burnt (53 locations), with the latter further categorised by fire severity. The 122 sites were surveyed in four field trips in the late summer early autumn and spring of 2021. One or more of the priority species were detected at thirty-three sites (22 unburnt and 11 burnt sites). The first three field trips (January–March) resulted in the discovery of only Woodwardiola ‘n.sp_LOMA’. The fourth field trip (November) resulted in the discovery of four additional species (Kirkaldyella rugosa, Setocoris ‘n.sp_BINA’, Epimixia vulturna and Eritingis trivirgata), as well as W. ‘n.sp_LOMA’. The two other priority species (Kirkaldyella schuhi and Myrmecoroides grossi) were not found. IUCN Red list methodology was employed to analyse the conservation status of the seven priority species. All seven priority species were found to be species of Least Concern for EEO and Data Deficient for AOO. The Data Deficient categorisation was decided based on insufficient s ling data plus expert opinion. Further s ling is required for all species but is critical for Kirkaldyella schuhi and Myrmecoroides grossi to determine whether their non-detection in this survey is due to s ling inadequacy or due to environmental factors.
Technologies for insect movement and migration research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
Using endemism to assess representation of protected areas - the family Myrtaceae in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12001
Evidence from traditional and new technologies for northward migrations of Australian plague locusts (Chortoicetes terminifera) (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to western Queensland
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-11-2005
Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies coastal restoration success
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-17438-4
Abstract: Restoration is becoming a vital tool to counteract coastal ecosystem degradation. Modifying transplant designs of habitat-forming organisms from dispersed to clumped can lify coastal restoration yields as it generates self-facilitation from emergent traits, i.e. traits not expressed by in iduals or small clones, but that emerge in clumped in iduals or large clones. Here, we advance restoration science by mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when in iduals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitate seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitate marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. Mimicking key emergent traits may allow upscaling of restoration in many ecosystems that depend on self-facilitation for persistence, by constraining biological material requirements and implementation costs.
Genetic diversity of a flightless dung beetle appears unaffected by wildfire
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10841-023-00499-3
Abstract: The wildfires of Australia’s Black Summer in 2019/2020 caused a massive loss of wildlife and habitats, but the effects of the fire on invertebrate species post-burn are unknown. We hypothesised that the fires would negatively affect the genetic ersity of invertebrate species by impeding movement between populations due to habitat loss. We studied the genetic ersity of a flightless dung beetle, Amphistomus primonactus Matthews 1974, to determine the impact of the wildfires on this species. We examined 90 SNPs from 193 in iduals across seven localities impacted by the wildfires in north-eastern New South Wales. We used STRUCTURE to determine the overall population structure of the seven localities. We calculated four within-locality genetic ersity measures (observed heterozygosity ( H o ), unbiased expected heterozygosity (u H e ), Shannon’s Information ( 1 H ), and the inbreeding coefficient ( F IS ). We calculated three between-locality genetic ersity measures (Fixation Index ( F ST ), Hedrick’s G” ST , and Shannon’s Mutual Information ( I ). We used partial Mantel tests to compare the between-locality genetic ersity measures with the mean fire intensity along each pairwise linear transect, while accounting for genetic variation due to geographic distance. We compared the within-locality genetic ersity measures to the mean fire intensity at each site. STRUCTURE showed a large degree of intermixing between localities. We found no significant effect of fire on any within-locality genetic ersity measure, or on any between-locality genetic ersity measure. We suggest that the genetic ersity of A. primonactus was not significantly affected by the Black Summer wildfires. Implications for insect conservation: Our results show that the 2019/2020 wildfires had a negligible impact on the genetic structure of A. primonactus . This offers a promising outlook for the species in its recovery from the fires.
Phylogenetic diversity, types of endemism and the evolutionary history of New World bats
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.03260
Modelling spread of foot-and-mouth disease in wild white-tailed deer and feral pig populations using a geographic-automata model and animal distributions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2009.05.005
Abstract: We investigated how the size and distribution of wild deer and feral pigs - species that might act as potential foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus maintenance hosts - might affect the persistence and spread of FMD. We used a susceptible-latent-infected-recovered geographic-automata model and spatially referenced data from southern Texas, USA. Within this study area, 100 locations were randomly selected and FMD virus spread was simulated (50 simulations each) at each location. As expected, the predicted sizes (km(2)) of the wild deer outbreaks were highly correlated (r(SP)>0.95) with the number of deer at incursion locations, the total number of deer within 2 km of incursion locations, and the minimum and maximum deer herd size within 2 km of incursion locations. However, the predicted sizes of the feral pig outbreaks were only moderately correlated (r(SP) 0.63-0.67) with the total, maximum and variance of the number of feral pigs within 2 km of incursion locations. Lack of continuity within the feral pig herd distribution across the landscape makes predicting disease spread more difficult than for deer, a more homogenously distributed species. When assessing the potential of wild and feral animal species at a locality to act as maintenance hosts of FMD virus, estimates of the population size and distribution might serve as a useful indicator of potential outbreaks in some circumstances.
Representation of animal distributions in space: how geostatistical estimates impact simulation modeling of foot-and-mouth disease spread
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 29-01-2008
Potential human impact on the environmental central niche of the chacma baboon
Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa
Date: 23-11-2015
DOI: 10.17159/SAJS.2015/20140279
Abstract: We assessed the human impact on regions identified as the environmental central niche for the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) across southern Africa. This central niche is the area within an animal’s natural range that is most insulated from changes to the environmental variables that influence that animal’s distribution. We used an environmental envelope model constructed with geographic information system software to predict the geographic extent of the central niche. The predicted chacma baboon central niche was 389 000 km2, with substantial overlap with human settlements in several countries. Of note is that although Botswana contains nearly 60 000 km2 of predicted central niche, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature chacma baboon distribution map implies that much of this area is uninhabited by baboons. A regional assessment of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) suggests more than 95% of its central niche is uninhabited. Additionally, the very limited and likely disturbed central niche area in Lesotho coupled with the unknown status of chacma baboons within Lesotho warrants further attention. Overall, it appears likely that significant proportions of the predicted central niche in southern Africa are currently uninhabited by the chacma baboon. These uninhabited areas correspond with areas of high human population density and anthropogenic land alteration. The remaining central niche areas that are still inhabited are potentially key areas for conservation and are important for ensuring the sustainability of future populations. However, these areas may be undergoing degradation whilst also becoming more inaccessible to baboons, thus increasing the difficulty of conservation efforts. This preliminary assessment highlights the urgent need for detailed assessments at a finer scale.
Do phytogeographic patterns reveal biomes or biotic regions?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/CLA.12381
Abstract: We present the largest comparative biogeographical analysis that has complete coverage of Australia's geography (20 phytogeographical subregions), using the most complete published molecular phylogenies to date of large Australian plant clades ( Acacia , Banksia and the eucalypts). Two distinct sets of areas within the Australian flora were recovered, using distributional data from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium ( AVH ) and the Atlas of Living Australia ( ALA ): younger Temperate, Eremaean and Monsoonal biomes, and older southwest + west, southeast and northern historical biogeographical regions. The analyses showed that by partitioning the data into two sets, using either a Majority or a Frequency method to select taxon distributions, two equally valid results were found. The dataset that used a Frequency method discovered general area cladograms that resolved patterns of the Australian biomes, whereas if widespread taxa (Majority method, with % of occurrences outside a single subregion) were removed the analysis then recovered historical biogeographical regions. The study highlights the need for caution when processing taxon distributions prior to analysis as, in the case of the history of Australian phytogeography, the validity of both biomes and historical areas have been called into question.
Multi‐taxon biodiversity responses to the 2019–2020 Australian megafires
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-10-2023
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16955
Patterns, biases and prospects in the distribution and diversity of Neotropical snakes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-11-2017
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12679
Animal orientation strategies for movement in flows
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2011.08.014
Abstract: For organisms that fly or swim, movement results from the combined effects of the moving medium - air or water - and the organism's own locomotion. For larger organisms, propulsion contributes significantly to progress but the flow usually still provides significant opposition or assistance, or produces lateral displacement ('drift'). Animals show a range of responses to flows, depending on the direction of the flow relative to their preferred direction, the speed of the flow relative to their own self-propelled speed, the incidence of flows in different directions and the proportion of the journey remaining. We here present a classification of responses based on the direction of the resulting movement relative to flow and preferred direction, which is applicable to a range of taxa and environments. The responses adopted in particular circumstances are related to the organisms' locomotory and sensory capacities and the environmental cues available. Advances in biologging technologies and particle tracking models are now providing a wealth of data, which often demonstrate a striking level of convergence in the strategies that very different animals living in very different environments employ when moving in a flow.
Insect migration: a holistic conceptual model
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 14-09-1995
The clinical, biochemical and genetic features associated withRMND1-related mitochondrial disease
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 13-07-2016
Recognition and characterization of migratory movements of Australian plague locusts, Chortoicetes terminifera, with an insect monitoring radar
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 05-09-2013
Effectiveness of the BFAST algorithm for detecting vegetation response patterns in a semi-arid region
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
The molecular basis of quantitative variation in foliar secondary metabolites in Eucalyptus globulus
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2011.03769.X
Abstract: Eucalyptus is characterized by high foliar concentrations of plant secondary metabolites with marked qualitative and quantitative variation within a single species. Secondary metabolites in eucalypts are important mediators of a erse community of herbivores. We used a candidate gene approach to investigate genetic associations between 195 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 24 candidate genes and 33 traits related to secondary metabolites in the Tasmanian Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus). We discovered 37 significant associations (false discovery rate (FDR) Q < 0.05) across 11 candidate genes and 19 traits. The effects of SNPs on phenotypic variation were within the expected range (0.018 < r(2) < 0.061) for forest trees. Whereas most marker effects were nonadditive, two alleles from two consecutive genes in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) showed additive effects. This study successfully links allelic variants to ecologically important phenotypes which can have a large impact on the entire community. It is one of very few studies to identify the genetic variants of a foundation tree that influences ecosystem function.
Primary productivity is related to niche width in the Australian Wet Tropics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12798
Abstract: A key ecological debate is whether ecosystem functions are distinctly influenced by biological ersity across broad scales. Although recent work has emphasized the importance of links between ecosystem functions and measures of ecological specialization as proxies of bio ersity, few studies have analysed macroecological relationships empirically in erse environments. We tested whether gross primary productivity (GPP) in the Australian Wet Tropics (WT) was distinctly related to community‐level measures of the ecological specialization of component tree species across climate space, after accounting for climate drivers. Wet Tropics, Australia. 1976–2012. Nine hundred and forty‐eight WT tree species. Using all geographically valid herbarium records for WT trees, we quantified the realized climatic niche widths using continental surfaces for maximum temperature of the warmest period and total annual rainfall. The median realized niche width for all tree species occurring at 510 sites was used to approximate ecological specialization within communities. To separate climatic effects on GPP, we applied a novel analysis using the difference in GPP and the difference in median community realized niche width between site pairs with similar climatic conditions. Linear models were then run on the difference in GPP between site pairs (response) and the difference in climatic niche widths (predictor). For climatically similar sites in drier areas, GPP was higher in sites composed of species with narrower temperature niches (average R 2 = 0.087, average t ‐statistic = −3.45). Conversely, for climatically similar sites in drier areas, GPP was lower in sites composed of species with narrower rainfall niches (average R 2 = 0.171, average t ‐statistic = 5.06). Wet Tropics sites with more thermal specialists had higher productivity, whereas sites with more moisture specialists had lower productivity. These findings suggest that physiological specialization across climate space can influence primary productivity at broad scales, but in inconsistent ways.
Abiotic and biotic predictors of macroecological patterns in bird and butterfly coloration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-01-2018
DOI: 10.1002/ECM.1287
Sudden adult death syndrome in m.3243A>G-related mitochondrial disease: an unrecognized clinical entity in young, asymptomatic adults
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-07-2015
Salmonella infection in a remote, isolated wild pig population
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETMIC.2012.11.036
Abstract: Although wild pig populations are known to sometimes be infected by Salmonella, the situation in Australia has received little attention and few population-based, planned studies have been conducted. Understanding the distribution of Salmonella infections within wild pig populations allows the potential hazard posed to co-grazing livestock to be assessed. We s led a remote and isolated wild pig population in northwestern Australia. Faecal and mesenteric lymph node s les were collected from 651 wild pigs at 93 locations and cultured for Salmonella. The population s led was typical of wild pig populations in tropical areas of Australia, and s ling occurred approximately halfway through the population's breeding season (38% of the 229 adult females were pregnant and 35% were lactating). Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella infection based on culture of 546 freshly collected faecal s les was 36.3% (95% CI 32.1-40.7%), and based on culture of mesenteric lymph nodes was 11.9% (95% CI, 9.4-15.0%). A total of 39 serovars (139 isolates) were identified--29 in faecal s les and 24 in lymph node s les--however neither Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium nor Salmonella Cholerasuis were isolated. There was a significant (p<0.0001) disagreement between faecal and lymph node s les with respect to Salmonella isolation, with isolation more likely from faecal s les. Prevalence differed between age classes, with piglets being less likely to be faecal-positive but more likely to be lymph node positive than adults. The distribution of faecal-positive pigs was spatially structured, with spatial clusters being identified. Study results suggest that this population of wild pigs is highly endemic for Salmonella, and that Salmonella is transmitted from older to younger pigs, perhaps associated with landscape features such as water features. This might have implications for infection of co-grazing livestock within this environment.
Estimation of unbiased insect densities and density profiles with vertically pointing entomological radars
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2014
Landscape Patterns in Rainforest Phylogenetic Signal: Isolated Islands of Refugia or Structured Continental Distributions?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-12-2013
Multi-extent analysis of the relationship between pteridophyte species richness and climate
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2006
Australian comparative phytogeography: A review
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 06-01-2017
Probing Effective Wetting in Subsurface Systems
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 26-02-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2019GL086151
Seagrass ecosystem trajectory depends on the relative timescales of resistance, recovery and disturbance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2017.09.006
Abstract: Seagrass ecosystems are inherently dynamic, responding to environmental change across a range of scales. Habitat requirements of seagrass are well defined, but less is known about their ability to resist disturbance. Specific means of recovery after loss are particularly difficult to quantify. Here we assess the resistance and recovery capacity of 12 seagrass genera. We document four classic trajectories of degradation and recovery for seagrass ecosystems, illustrated with ex les from around the world. Recovery can be rapid once conditions improve, but seagrass absence at landscape scales may persist for many decades, perpetuated by feedbacks and/or lack of seed or plant propagules to initiate recovery. It can be difficult to distinguish between slow recovery, recalcitrant degradation, and the need for a window of opportunity to trigger recovery. We propose a framework synthesizing how the spatial and temporal scales of both disturbance and seagrass response affect ecosystem trajectory and hence resilience.
Target density estimation in radar biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1981
Banksia (Proteaceae) contains less phylogenetic diversity than expected in Southwestern Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JSE.13019
Spatial phylogenetics of the Chinese angiosperm flora provides insights into endemism and conservation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1111/JIPB.13189
Abstract: The flora of China is well known for its high ersity and endemism. Identifying centers of endemism and designating conservation priorities are essential goals for bio ersity studies. However, there is no comprehensive study from a rigorous phylogenetic perspective to understand patterns of ersity and endemism and to guide bio ersity conservation in China. We conducted a spatial phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese angiosperm flora at the generic level to identify centers of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism. Our results indicate that: (i) the majority of grid cells in China with significantly high phylogenetic endemism (PE) were located in the mountainous regions (ii) four of the nine centers of endemism recognized, located in northern and western China, were recognized for the first time (iii) arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China were commonly linked to significant PE, consistent with other spatial phylogenetic studies worldwide and (iv) six high‐priority conservation gaps were detected by overlaying the boundaries of China's nature reserves on all significant PE cells. Overall, we conclude that the mountains of southern and northern China contain both paleo‐endemics (ancient relictual lineages) and neo‐endemics (recently erged lineages). The areas we highlight as conservation priorities are important for broad‐scale planning, especially in the context of evolutionary history preservation.
canaper: Categorical analysis of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism in R
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.06638
Abstract: Bio ersity has typically been quantified using species richness, but this ignores evolutionary history. Due to the increasing availability of robust phylogenies, methods have been developed that incorporate phylogenetic relationships into quantification of bio ersity. CANAPE (categorical analysis of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism) is one such method that can provide insight into the evolutionary processes generating bio ersity. The only currently available software implementing CANAPE is Bio erse, which is written in Perl and can be used either through a graphical user interface (GUI) or user‐developed scripts. However, many researchers, particularly in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology, use the R programming language to conduct their analyses. Here, we present canaper, a new R package ( www.r‐project.org ) that provides functions to conduct CANAPE in R. canaper implements methods for efficient computation, including parallelization and encoding of community data as sparse matrices. The interface is designed for maximum simplicity and reproducibility CANAPE can be conducted with two functions, and parallel computing can be enabled with one line of code. Our case study shows that canaper produces equivalent results to Bio erse and can complete computations on moderately sized datasets quickly ( min to reproduce a canonical study). canaper allows researchers to conduct all analyses from data import and cleaning through CANAPE within R, thereby obviating the need to manually import and export data and analysis results between programs. We anticipate canaper will become a part of the toolkit for analyzing bio ersity in R.
Substantial declines in urban tree habitat predicted under climate change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.05.287
Abstract: Globally, local governments are increasing investment in urban greening projects. However, there is little consideration of whether the species being planted will be resilient to climate change. We assessed the distribution of climatically suitable habitat, now and in the future, for 176 tree species native to Australia, commonly planted across Australia's Significant Urban Areas (SUAs) and currently grown by commercial nurseries. Species' occurrence records were obtained from inventories and herbaria, globally and across Australia, and combined with baseline climate data (WorldClim, 1960-1990) and six climate scenarios for 2030 and 2070 using climatic suitability models (CSMs). CSMs for each species were calibrated and projected onto baseline and future scenarios. We calculated changes in the size of climatically suitable habitat for each species across each SUA, and identified urban areas that are likely to have suitable climate for either fewer or more of our study species under future climate. By 2070, climatically suitable habitat in SUAs is predicted to decline for 73% of species assessed. For 18% of these species, climatically suitable area is predicted to be more than halved, relative to their baseline extent. Generally, for urban areas in cooler regions, climatically suitable habitat is predicted to increase. By contrast, for urban areas in warmer regions, a greater proportion of tree species may lose climatically suitable habitat. Our results highlight changing patterns of urban climatic space for commonly planted species, suggesting that local governments and the horticultural industry should take a proactive approach to identify new climate-ready species for urban plantings.
Semi-automated GIS techniques for detecting floodplain earthworks
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2012
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.9244
Land use change simulation and analysis using a vector cellular automata (CA) model: A case study of Ipswich City, Queensland, Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-02-2019
Abstract: The loss of accuracy in vector-raster conversion has always been an issue for land use change models, particularly for raster based Cellular Automata models. Here we describe a vector-based cellular automata (CA) model that uses land parcels as the basic unit of analysis, and compare its results with a raster CA model. Transition rules are calibrated using an artificial neural network (ANN) and historical land use data. Using Ipswich City in Queensland, Australia as the study area, the simulation results show that the vector and raster CA models achieve 96.64% and 93.88% producer’s spatial accuracy, respectively. In addition, the vector CA model achieves a higher kappa coefficient and more consistent frequency of misclassification, while also having faster processing times. Consequently, the vector-based CA model can be applied to explore regulations of land use transformation in urban growth process, and provide a better understanding of likely urban growth to inform city planners.
Phylogenetic endemism: a new approach for identifying geographical concentrations of evolutionary history
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2009
Analytical techniques for probing small-scale layers that preserve information on gas-solid interactions
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 11-2018
Monitoring insect migration with radar: The ventral-aspect polarization pattern and its potential for target identification
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-09-2005
Continental‐scale spatial phylogenetics of Australian angiosperms provides insights into ecology, evolution and conservation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12797
A new study of Kπ scattering between 0.7 and 2 GeV/c2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1977
Growing Plants in Space: Manipulating Medium Wettability to Create Different Saturation Conditions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-2019
Pseudo-obstruction, stroke, and mitochondrial dysfunction: A lethal combination.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-09-2016
DOI: 10.1002/ANA.24736
Abstract: The m.3243A G MTTL1 mutation is the most common cause of mitochondrial disease yet there is limited awareness of intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (IPO) in this disorder. We aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, and clinical outcome of patients with m.3243A G‐related mitochondrial disease manifesting with IPO. In this large, observational cohort study, we assessed the clinical, molecular, and radiological characteristics of patients with genetically determined m.3243A G‐related mitochondrial disease, who presented with severe symptoms suggestive of bowel obstruction in the absence of an occluding lesion. Between January 2009 and June 2015, 226 patients harbouring the m.3243A G mutation were recruited to the Medical Research Council Centre Mitochondrial Disease Patient Cohort, Newcastle. Thirty patients (13%) presented acutely with IPO. Thirteen of these patients had a preceding history of stroke‐like episodes, whereas 1 presented 27 years previously with their first stroke‐like episode. Eight patients developed IPO concomitantly during an acute stroke‐like episode. Regression analysis suggested stroke was the strongest predictor for development of IPO, in addition to cardiomyopathy, low body mass index and high urinary mutation load. Poor clinical outcome was observed in 6 patients who underwent surgical procedures. Our findings suggest, in this common mitochondrial disease, that IPO is an under‐recognized, often misdiagnosed clinical entity. Poor clinical outcome associated with stroke and acute surgical intervention highlights the importance of the neurologist having a high index of suspicion, particularly in the acute setting, to instigate timely coordination of appropriate care and management with other specialists. Ann Neurol 2016 :686–692
Estimating the steps made by public transport commuters using a synthetic population enriched with smart card data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Evolution of Bentheimer Sandstone Wettability During Cyclic scCO2‐Brine Injections
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2021WR030891
Abstract: Geologic sequestration in sedimentary formations has been identified as a potential technology to prevent climate‐change inducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from being emitted to the atmosphere. To achieve safe and effective storage underground, accurate understanding, and predictions of supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) behavior in subsurface rock formations is required including quantifying how much scCO 2 is trapped within pore spaces by capillarity (vs. how much remains mobile), and constraining the occurrence of physio‐chemical reactions between scCO 2 and the mineral matrix. Experiments where multiple cycles of scCO 2 and brine are injected into rock s les have produced conflicting results regarding the consistency of trapping as cycles progress likely due to differences in mineral content, pressure‐temperature conditions, aqueous chemistry parameters, and experimental setups. We present a new set of experiments, replicating the conditions of a previous study, but with a new experimental design, apparatus, and timeline. We confirm previous results that demonstrated shifts in injection pressure and scCO 2 trapping behavior over multiple injection cycles, and we conduct additional analyses to discern the fluid‐fluid macroscopic contact angle, interface mean and Gaussian curvatures, scCO 2 interfacial area, and topology of trapped scCO 2 ganglia. We also performed lattice‐Boltzmann simulations approximating experimental conditions where solid wettability was systematically altered over multiple injections cycles trends in scCO 2 ganglia characteristics compare well between experiment and simulation. The results indicate that this system undergoes a transition to a “patchy” mixed‐wet state, and we observe that this wettability alteration renders scCO 2 more stable in the rock pore space, increasing capillary trapping over four injection cycles.
Paleo‐Antarctic rainforest into the modern Old World tropics: The rich past and threatened future of the “southern wet forest survivors”
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.3732/AJB.1400340
Abstract: • Have Gondwanan rainforest floral associations survived? Where do they occur today? Have they survived continuously in particular locations? How significant is their living floristic signal? We revisit these classic questions in light of significant recent increases in relevant paleobotanical data.• We traced the extinction and persistence of lineages and associations through the past across four now separated regions-Australia, New Zealand, Patagonia, and Antarctica-using fossil occurrence data from 63 well-dated Gondwanan rainforest sites and 396 constituent taxa. Fossil sites were allocated to four age groups: Cretaceous, Paleocene-Eocene, Neogene plus Oligocene, and Pleistocene. We compared the modern and ancient distributions of lineages represented in the fossil record to see if dissimilarity increased with time. We quantified similarity-dissimilarity of composition and taxonomic structure among fossil assemblages, and between fossil and modern assemblages.• Strong similarities between ancient Patagonia and Australia confirmed shared Gondwanan rainforest history, but more of the lineages persisted in Australia. S les of ancient Australia grouped with the extant floras of Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Mt. Kinabalu. Decreasing similarity through time among the regional floras of Antarctica, Patagonia, New Zealand, and southern Australia reflects multiple extinction events.• Gondwanan rainforest lineages contribute significantly to modern rainforest community assembly and often co-occur in widely separated assemblages far from their early fossil records. Understanding how and where lineages from ancient Gondwanan assemblages co-occur today has implications for the conservation of global rainforest vegetation, including in the Old World tropics.
Using process models to improve spatial analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2002
The influence of atmospheric structure and motions on insect migration
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 1988
Towards a physical description of habitat: Quantifying environmental adversity (abiotic stress) in temperate forest and woodland ecosystems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2009
The influence of weather and climate on agriculturally important insects: An Australian perspective
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1071/AR9940487
Abstract: Weather and climate affect insects and other arthropods of importance to agriculture in a wide variety of ways. Pest and beneficial insects, and insect vectors of plant and animal diseases, are all influenced both directly and indirectly by temperature, rainfall, wind, etc. These influences can be immediate or cumulative, and they can act either at the production site or, in the case of migrant species, at locations distant from it. Weather and climate influence, often very significantly, the development rate, survival, fitness, and level of activity of in idual insects the phenology, distribution, size, and continuity of insect populations migration and the re-establishment of populations following local extinction the initiation of outbreaks the susceptibility of crops and stock to insect attack and the capacity of producers to manage insect populations. In Australia, the high variability of rainfall is of particular significance in determining the size and quality of insect populations. Windborne migration can be important for transporting these populations into agricultural regions, and low winter temperatures in the south of the continent limit the distribution of tropical species. Current Australian research on these topics is directed mainly at the development of pest-forecasting systems, and at estimating the impact of global greenhouse warming.
Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Primary productivity is weakly related to floristic alpha and beta diversity across Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12487
Birds, butterflies and flowers in the tropics are not more colourful than those at higher latitudes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12368
Which is a better predictor of plant traits: temperature or precipitation?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JVS.12190
canaper: Categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism in R
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.06.511072
Abstract: Bio ersity has typically been quantified using species richness, but this ignores evolutionary history. Due to the increasing availability of robust phylogenies, methods have been developed that incorporate phylogenetic relationships into quantification of bio ersity. CANAPE (categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism) is one such method that can provide insight into the evolutionary processes generating bio ersity. The only currently available software implementing CANAPE is Bio erse, which is written in Perl and can be used either through a graphical user interface (GUI) or user-developed scripts. However, many researchers, particularly in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology, use the R programming language to conduct their analyses. Here, we present canaper , a new R package that provides functions to conduct CANAPE in R. canaper implements methods for efficient computation, including parallelization and encoding of community data as sparse matrices. The interface is designed for maximum simplicity and reproducibility CANAPE can be conducted with two functions, and parallel computing can be enabled with one line of code. Our case study shows that canaper produces equivalent results to Bio erse and can complete computations on moderately sized datasets quickly ( 10 min to reproduce a canonical study). canaper allows researchers to conduct all analyses from data import and cleaning through CANAPE within R, thereby averting the need to manually import and export data and analysis results between programs. We anticipate canaper will become a part of the toolkit for analyzing bio ersity in R.
Estimates of soil carbon concentration in tropical and temperate forest and woodland from available GIS data on three continents
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2012
A spatial approach to select pilot counties for programs to correct the biased sex ratio at birth in shandong province, China
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2010
mt
DNA
heteroplasmy level and copy number indicate disease burden in m.3243A>G mitochondrial disease
Publisher: EMBO
Date: 07-05-2018
Integrating Survey and Molecular Approaches to Better Understand Wildlife Disease Ecology
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-10-2012
Prescriptive and empirical principles of applied ecology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1139/ER-2014-0076
Abstract: Applied ecology is the science of managing ecosystems for defined outcomes, such as conservation, sustainable harvest, and animal pest and weed control. Robust knowledge in science is often expressed as “principles”. Principles in applied ecology have utility by assisting scientists and managers to evaluate current management and to plan future activities. Principles also have a unifying role by identifying general patterns and processes across a broad discipline. We review usage of the word principle in applied ecology by critically evaluating principles proposed previously. We identify and describe two principal uses of principles first, a prescriptive principle defined here as a general guideline for applied ecological research and management, and second, an empirical principle defined here as a broad generalization based on replicated empirical observations and experiments. Principles proposed previously are invariably for particular applications and are not generic across applied ecology. The principles are consolidated here in a new set of 22 prescriptive and 3 empirical principles. The new principles are more comprehensive than those proposed previously and relate to all aspects of applied ecology, extending across conservation, sustainable utilization, and management of animal pests and weeds. The principles should assist applied ecologists and managers to achieve specific management objectives.
The impact of potential mitigation strategies on the predicted spread of foot and mouth disease in white-tailed deer in south Texas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2010.01.015
Abstract: The United States has been free of FMD since the 1920s. Faced with an incursion of FMD virus that might involve wildlife species, it is crucial that appropriate mitigation strategies be applied rapidly to control the disease. Disease spread models can be used to evaluate the design of optimal strategies. Using a previously developed susceptible-infected-recovered geographic automata model (Sirca) to simulate the spread of FMD through white-tailed deer populations in south Texas, we conducted a series of experiments to determine how pre-emptive mitigation strategies applied to white-tailed deer populations might impact the predicted magnitude and distribution of outbreaks following FMD virus incursion. Based on previously derived deer distributions in the two ecoregions found within the study area, simulated outbreaks were evaluated by comparing the median number of deer predicted to be infected and the median area predicted affected for a baseline scenario and 3 mitigation strategies: targeted cull, random cull and targeted depopulation buffer. Substantial differences were observed in the predicted magnitude of outbreaks both by mitigation strategy and by ecoregion: depending on the ecoregion, the creation of a targeted depopulation buffer could reduce the number of deer predicted infected by up to 52%, and the area affected by up to 31%. Results suggest that the outcome of an FMD incursion that involves wildlife species, such as white-tailed deer in south Texas, might depend on both where the incursion occurs and the type of pre-emptive mitigation strategy applied.
Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-04-2015
Extensive respiratory chain defects in inhibitory interneurones in patients with mitochondrial disease.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/NAN.12238
Finding their way in the world: Using acoustic telemetry to evaluate relative movement patterns of hatchery-reared fish in the period following release
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Better estimates of soil carbon from geographical data: a revised global approach
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2018
The effect of neighbourhood definitions on spatio-temporal models of disease outbreaks: Separation distance versus range overlap
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2011.07.009
Abstract: The definition of the spatial relatedness between infectious and susceptible animal groups is a fundamental component of spatio-temporal modelling of disease outbreaks. A common neighbourhood definition for disease spread in wild and feral animal populations is the distance between the centroids of neighbouring group home ranges. This distance can be used to define neighbourhood interactions, and also to describe the probability of successful disease transmission. Key limitations of this approach are (1) that a susceptible neighbour of an infectious group with an overlapping home range - but whose centroid lies outside the home range of an infectious group - will not be considered for disease transmission, and (2) the degree of overlap between the home ranges is not taken into account for those groups with centroids inside the infectious home range. We assessed the impact of both distance-based and range overlap methods of disease transmission on model-predicted disease spread. Range overlap was calculated using home ranges modelled as circles. We used the Sirca geographic automata model, with the population data from a nine-county study area in Texas that we have previously described. For each method we applied 100 model repetitions, each of 100 time steps, to 30 index locations. The results show that the rate of disease spread for the range-overlap method is clearly less than the distance-based method, with median outbreaks modelled using the latter being 1.4-1.45 times larger. However, the two methods show similar overall trends in the area infected, and the range-overlap median (48 and 120 for cattle and pigs, respectively) falls within the 5th-95th percentile range of the distance-based method (0-96 and 0-252 for cattle and pigs, respectively). These differences can be attributed to the calculation of the interaction probabilities in the two methods, with overlap weights generally resulting in lower interaction probabilities. The definition of spatial neighbourhood has important implications for models used in decision-support systems for disease preparedness and response. This research presents a first step towards more realistic representations that could be used in spatio-temporal models of disease outbreaks.
Global patterns in plant height
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2009
Modeling movement, distributions, diversity, and disturbance: introduction to the fifth special issue on spatial ecology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-02-2020
Endemism in the Australian flora
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2001
Pore-Scale Characterization of Two-Phase Flow Using Integral Geometry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2017
Estimating door-to-door travel time using a synthetic population enriched with smart card data
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-03-2022
Spatial analysis of taxonomic and genetic patterns and their potential for understanding evolutionary histories
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2004
Key habitat and home range of mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus in a south-east Australian estuary: finding the estuarine niche to optimise stocking
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 20-12-2006
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS328237
Enhancing residual trapping of supercritical CO2 via cyclic injections
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 28-09-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070304
Sparse grids: A new predictive modelling method for the analysis of geographic data
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2005
Is Australia weird? A cross-continental comparison of biological, geological and climatological features
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-05-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FEVO.2023.1073842
Abstract: Australia’s distinctive biogeography means that it is sometimes considered an ecologically unique continent with biological and abiotic features that are not comparable to those observed in the rest of the world. This leaves some researchers unclear as to whether findings from Australia apply to systems elsewhere (or vice-versa ), which has consequences for the development of ecological theory and the application of ecological management principles. We analyzed 594,612 observations spanning 85 variables describing global climate, soil, geochemistry, plants, animals, and ecosystem function to test if Australia is broadly different to the other continents and compare how different each continent is from the global mean. We found significant differences between Australian and global means for none of 15 climate variables, only seven of 25 geochemistry variables, three of 16 soil variables, five of 12 plant trait variables, four of 11 animal variables, and one of five ecosystem function variables. Seven of these differences remained significant when we adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing: high soil pH, high soil concentrations of sodium and strontium, a high proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants, low plant leaf nitrogen concentration, low annual production rate to birth in mammals, and low marine productivity. Our analyses reveal numerous similarities between Australia and Africa and highlight dissimilarities between continents in the northern vs. southern hemispheres. Australia ranked the most distinctive continent for 26 variables, more often than Europe (15 variables), Africa (13 variables), Asia (12 variables each), South America (11 variables) or North America (8 variables). Australia was distinctive in a range of soil conditions and plant traits, and a few bird and mammal traits, tending to sit at a more extreme end of variation for some variables related to resource availability. However, combined analyses revealed that, overall, Australia is not significantly more different to the global mean than Africa, South America, or Europe. In conclusion, while Australia does have some unique and distinctive features, this is also true for each of the other continents, and the data do not support the idea that Australia is an overall outlier in its biotic or abiotic characteristics.
The vertical distribution of macro-insects migrating in the nocturnal boundary layer: A radar study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1007/BF00121314
The 'aerial plankton' and atmospheric convergence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90107-9
Abstract: Airborne migration is one of the most common adaptations for surviving and exploiting habitat variability. One weather feature that airborne migrants sometimes encounter, convergence, has the potential to concentrate populations in localities where climatic conditions have made a habitat temporarily favourable. Studies of migratory insects have now begun to establish which of several forms of atmospheric convergence are most likely to affect population processes.
A hairy situation: Plant species in warm, sunny places are more likely to have pubescent leaves
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.13870
The potential role of wild and feral animals as reservoirs of foot-and-mouth disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2007.01.009
Abstract: We investigated the potential role of feral pigs and wild deer as FMD reservoirs with a susceptible-latent-infected-recovered geographic-automata model, using spatially referenced data from southern Texas, USA. An uncontrolled FMD outbreak initiated in feral pigs and in wild deer might infect up to 698 (90% prediction interval 181, 1387) and 1557 (823, 2118) cattle and affect an area of 166 km(2) (53, 306) and 455 km(2) (301, 588), respectively. The predicted spread of FMD virus infection was influenced by assumptions we made regarding the number of incursion sites and the number of neighborhood interactions between herds. Our approach explicitly incorporates the spatial relationships between domesticated and non-domesticated animal populations, providing a new framework to explore the impacts, costs, and strategies for the control of foreign animal diseases with a potential wildlife reservoir.
Flow rate impacts on capillary pressure and interface curvature of connected and disconnected fluid phases during multiphase flow in sandstone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
The nocturnal migration of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Quantitative radar observations of a series of northward flights
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-1983
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300009172
Abstract: Night migrations of insects above the surface boundary layer were studied by direct observations with an entomological radar, and by direct aerial s ling with a kite-borne net, in an area in New South Wales inhabited by large fledging populations of Chortoicetes terminifera (Wlk.). The aerial catches and radar echo-modulation observations suggested that the majority of migrants detected by the radar were locusts, and this conclusion was supported indirectly by light-trap catches and by observations of take–off at dusk. Night flights of locusts began at dusk with a mass take-off and continued on a diminishing scale until about midnight. Displacements were all approximately downwind and to the north, under the influence of a southerly airflow which prevailed throughout the six-day study period. A quantitative radar observation procedure was used to estimate locust aerial densities and migration rates, and to observe the variations of these quantities with height and time typical and extreme values for all the principal migration quantities are presented. The flight paths of the locusts were estimated from radar observations of target tracks, and probable source areas at distances of up to 200 km to the south were identified a major overflight which probably originated 150 km away was detected on one occasion. Northward movements of C. terminifera during anticyclonic conditions may help to explain how populations are redistributed in the periods between the long-range southward invasion movements for which this species is well-known.
There is no good excuse for a bad random number generator: A reply to Barry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2011
A geographically partitioned cellular automata model for the expansion of residential areas
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TGIS.12866
Abstract: A key component of cellular automata (CA) models is the transition rules that determine the transformation of cells at each iteration. However, most previous studies use a single set of transition rules across the entire study region, and therefore do not fully account for spatial heterogeneity. In this research, a vector CA model has been implemented that calibrates transition rules by taking the entire study region and partitioned sub‐regions into consideration. The changes in residential areas were modelled for the city of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia, from 1999 to 2016. The results confirm that the spatially partitioned rules can generate more accurate and stable results compared to calibrated rules using the whole study area, with an increase of mean producer's spatial accuracy of 72.07 and 75.59% in two sub‐regions (2‐2 and 2‐3). The implementation of CA models with partitioned transition rules enables a better understanding of spatial heterogeneity in land use change.
Effects of Growth Form and Functional Traits on Response of Woody Plants to Clearing and Fragmentation of Subtropical Rainforest
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/COBI.12088
Abstract: The conservation implications of large-scale rainforest clearing and fragmentation on the persistence of functional and taxonomic ersity remain poorly understood. If traits represent adaptive strategies of plant species to particular circumstances, the expectation is that the effect of forest clearing and fragmentation will be affected by species functional traits, particularly those related to dispersal. We used species occurrence data for woody plants in 46 rainforest patches across 75,000 ha largely cleared of forest by the early 1900s to determine the combined effects of area reduction, fragmentation, and patch size on the taxonomic structure and functional ersity of subtropical rainforest. We compiled species trait values for leaf area, seed dry mass, wood density, and maximum height and calculated species niche breadths. Taxonomic structure, trait values (means, ranges), and the functional ersity of assemblages of climbing and free-standing plants in remnant patches were quantified. Larger rainforest patches had higher species richness. Species in smaller patches were taxonomically less related than species in larger patches. Free-standing plants had a high percentage of frugivore dispersed seeds climbers had a high proportion of small wind-dispersed seeds. Connections between the patchy spatial distribution of free-standing species, larger seed sizes, and dispersal syndrome were weak. Assemblages of free-standing plants in patches showed more taxonomic and spatial structuring than climbing plants. Smaller isolated patches retained relatively high functional ersity and similar taxonomic structure to larger tracts of forest despite lower species richness. The response of woody plants to clearing and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest differed between climbers and slow-growing mature-phase forest trees but not between climbers and pioneer trees. Quantifying taxonomic structure and functional ersity provides an improved basis for conservation planning and management by elucidating the effects of forest-area reduction and fragmentation. Efectos de la Forma de Crecimiento y Atributos Funcionales en la Respuesta de Plantas Leñosas al Desmonte y Fragmentación de Bosque Lluvioso Subtropical.
FishTracker: A GIS toolbox for kernel density estimation of animal home ranges that accounts for transit times and hard boundaries
Publisher: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc.
Date: 12-2013
Biodiverse, a tool for the spatial analysis of biological and related diversity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2010
Does range-restricted evolutionary history predict extinction risk? A case study in lizards
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12875
Insect monitoring radar: Stationary-beam operating mode
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
What is migration?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2007
DOI: 10.1641/B570206
The use of particle swarm optimization for a vector cellular automata model of land usechange
Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik GmbH, Wadern/Saarbruecken, Germany
Date: 2018
A radar and aerial‐trapping study of an early spring migration of moths (Lepidoptera) in inland New South Wales
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1985
THE INTEGRATION OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA AND WHAT IF? FOR SCENARIO PLANNING: FUTURE RESIDENTIAL EXPANSION IN THE CITY OF IPSWICH
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.5194/ISPRS-ANNALS-X-4-W3-2022-151-2022
Abstract: Abstract. The ever-increasing volumes of available data for urban planning and management have led to the development of a range of planning support systems (PSS) for the design of more flexible and people-oriented cities. In the time of rapid urbanization, there has also been a continued focus on land use change models to simulate its complex dynamics. However, the integration of land use change models with planning support systems has received comparatively little attention, despite its potential to provide a more comprehensive understanding of urban futures over spatial and temporal scales. Considering this, a Cellular Automata (CA) land use change model has been coupled with the What If? PSS in this research. Using the City of Ipswich as the study case, its land use regulations and interaction with surroundings are analysed with multi-source data such as population variation and infrastructure distribution. Land suitability evaluation and demand projections have been modelled using What If? with detailed processes of residential expansion under different scenarios. Two scenarios with different planning strategies are analysed for their future development. The results indicate that continued growth of current residential areas would be the most reasonable strategy for the study area in the following years. By using scenario planning approach, the proposed CA – What If model can be used as a practical tool to analyse the future development of cities. Such data-driven models and tools enable urban planners and policymakers to explore future growth scenarios in the era of big data and global urbanization.
Bidirectional reflectance of coral growth-forms
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-03-2016
Impact of wettability alteration on 3D nonwetting phase trapping and transport
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Insect migration across Bass Strait during spring: A radar study
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-1981
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300008476
Abstract: An entomological radar was used to observe insect flight activity at a coastal locality in north-western Tasmania during the spring of 1973. Insects were regularly observed to take off at dusk, and local movements from nearby islands were detected on several occasions. Large-scale southward movements of insects across Bass Strait were also observed and were found to be associated with the warm anticyclonic airflows which occur ahead of a cold front. Light-trap catches indicated that the insects were noctuid moths, with Persectania ewingii (Westw.), Heliothis punctiger Wllgr. and Agrotis munda Wlk. dominant. The movements appear to have originated mainly in Victoria and south-eastern South Australia, but it is tentatively suggested that the ultimate source of the moths was in the region stretching westwards from north-western Victoria and south-western New South Wales towards the shores of the Spencer Gulf, South Australia.
Characterization of wetting using topological principles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Experimental characterization of nonwetting phase trapping and implications for geologic CO2 sequestration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Decreased male reproductive success in association with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2017
Fern and lycophyte diversity in the Pacific Northwest: Patterns and predictors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JSE.12430
Linking continuum-scale state of wetting to pore-scale contact angles in porous media
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2019.11.105
Abstract: Wetting phenomena play a key role in flows through porous media. Relative permeability and capillary pressure-saturation functions show a high sensitivity to wettability, which has different definitions at the continuum- and pore-scale. We hypothesize that the wetting state of a porous medium can be described in terms of topological arguments that constrain the morphological state of immiscible fluids, which provides a direct link between the continuum-scale metrics of wettability and pore-scale contact angles. We perform primary drainage and imbibition experiments on Bentheimer sandstone using air and brine. Topological properties, such as Euler characteristic and interfacial curvature are measured utilizing X-ray micro-computed tomography at irreducible air saturation. We also present measurements for the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) index, capillary pressure and pore-scale contact angles. Additional studies are performed using two-phase Lattice Boltzmann simulations to test a wider range of wetting conditions. We demonstrate that contact angle distributions for a porous multiphase system can be predicted within a few percent difference of directly measured pore-scale contact angles using the presented method. This provides a general framework on how continuum-scale data can be used to describe the geometrical state of fluids within porous media.
Artificial watering points are focal points for activity by an invasive herbivore but not native herbivores in conservation reserves in arid Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-08-2014
Disease spread models in wild and feral animal populations: application of artificial life models
Publisher: O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health)
Date: 08-2011
Abstract: The role that wild and feral animal populations might play in the incursion and spread of important transboundary animal diseases, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD), has received less attention than is warranted by the potential impacts. An artificial life model (Sirca) has been used to investigate this issue in studies based on spatially referenced data sets from southern Texas. An incursion of FMD in which either feral pig or deer populations were infected could result in between 698 and 1557 infected cattle and affect an area of between 166 km2 and 455 km2 after a 100-day period. Although outbreak size in deer populations can be predicted bythe size of the local deer population initially infected, the resulting outbreaks in feral pig populations are less predictable. Also, in the case of deer, the size of potential outbreaks might depend on the season when the incursion occurs. The impact of various mitigation strategies on disease spread has also been investigated. The approach used in the studies reviewed here explicitly incorporates the spatial distribution and relationships between animal populations, providing a new framework to explore potential impacts, costs, and control strategies.
Zoogeographical regions and geospatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism of New World bats
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.04194
Invasive cane toads might initiate cascades of direct and indirect effects in a terrestrial ecosystem
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2018
Radar observations of moths migrating in a nocturnal low‐level jet
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1985
Solitary wave disturbances of the nocturnal boundary layer revealed by radar observations of migrating insects
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00120896
Road impacts a tipping point for wildlife populations in threatened landscapes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-04-2011
Distinguishing target classes in observations from vertically pointing entomological radars
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-07-2016
Assessing endemism at multiple spatial scales, with an example from the Australian vascular flora
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2003
Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity and neo-and paleo-endemism in Australian acacia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS5473
Abstract: Understanding spatial patterns of bio ersity is critical for conservation planning, particularly given rapid habitat loss and human-induced climatic change. Diversity and endemism are typically assessed by comparing species ranges across regions. However, investigation of patterns of species ersity alone misses out on the full richness of patterns that can be inferred using a phylogenetic approach. Here, using Australian Acacia as an ex le, we show that the application of phylogenetic methods, particularly two new measures, relative phylogenetic ersity and relative phylogenetic endemism, greatly enhances our knowledge of bio ersity across both space and time. We found that areas of high species richness and species endemism are not necessarily areas of high phylogenetic ersity or phylogenetic endemism. We propose a new method called categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism (CANAPE) that allows, for the first time, a clear, quantitative distinction between centres of neo- and paleo-endemism, useful to the conservation decision-making process.
GeoComputation: Applications in Biology
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 23-06-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17091-13
Green turtles shape the seascape through grazing patch formation around habitat features: Experimental evidence
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECY.3902
Abstract: Understanding how megaherbivores incorporate habitat features into their foraging behavior is key toward understanding how herbivores shape the surrounding landscape. While the role of habitat structure has been studied within the context of predator–prey dynamics and grazing behavior in terrestrial systems, there is a limited understanding of how structure influences megaherbivore grazing in marine ecosystems. To investigate the response of megaherbivores (green turtles) to habitat features, we experimentally introduced structure at two spatial scales in a shallow seagrass meadow in The Bahamas. Turtle density increased 50‐fold (to 311 turtles ha −1 ) in response to the structures, and turtles were mainly grazing and resting (low vigilance behavior). This resulted in a grazing patch exceeding the size of the experimental setup (242 m 2 ), with reduced seagrass shoot density and aboveground biomass. After structure removal, turtle density decreased and vigilance increased (more browsing and shorter surfacing times), while seagrass within the patch partly recovered. Even at a small scale (9 m 2 ), artificial structures altered turtle grazing behavior, resulting in grazing patches in 60% of the plots. Our results demonstrate that marine megaherbivores select habitat features as foraging sites, likely to be a predator refuge, resulting in heterogeneity in seagrass bed structure at the landscape scale.
Carbon (δ13C N S outhern P atagonia's native fo
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2011
Macroecological patterns in flower colour are shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.16737
Abstract: There is a wealth of research on the way interactions with pollinators shape flower traits. However, we have much more to learn about influences of the abiotic environment on flower colour. We combine quantitative flower colour data for 339 species from a broad spatial range covering tropical, temperate, arid, montane and coastal environments from 9.25ºS to 43.75ºS with 11 environmental variables to test hypotheses about how macroecological patterns in flower colouration relate to biotic and abiotic conditions. Both biotic community and abiotic conditions are important in explaining variation of flower colour traits on a broad scale. The ersity of pollinating insects and the plant community have the highest predictive power for flower colouration, followed by mean annual precipitation and solar radiation. On average, flower colours are more chromatic where there are fewer pollinators, solar radiation is high, precipitation and net primary production are low, and growing seasons are short, providing support for the hypothesis that higher chromatic contrast of flower colours may be related to stressful conditions. To fully understand the ecology and evolution of flower colour, we should incorporate the broad selective context that plants experience into research, rather than focusing primarily on effects of plant–pollinator interactions.
Simulating the spatial dynamics of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in feral pigs and livestock in Queensland, Australia, using a susceptible-infected- recovered cellular automata model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.PREVETMED.2005.03.002
Abstract: We describe an approach to modelling the spatio-temporal spread of foot and mouth disease through feral animal and unfenced livestock populations. We used a susceptible-infected-recovered model, implemented in a cellular automata framework, to assess the spread of FMD across two regions of Queensland, Australia. Following a sensitivity analysis on the infectious states, scenario analyses were conducted using feral pigs only as the susceptible population, and then with the addition of livestock, and initiated in the wet season and in the dry season. The results indicate that, depending on the season the outbreak is initiated, and without the implementation of control measures, an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease around Winton could continue unchecked, while an outbreak around Cape York may die out naturally. The approach explicitly incorporates the spatial relationships between the populations through which the disease spreads and provides a framework by which the spread of disease outbreaks can be explored through varying the model parameters. It highlights the emergence and importance of spatio-temporal patterns, something that previous modelling of FMD in feral animal and unfenced livestock populations has lacked.
Sensitivity analysis of a decision tree classification to input data errors using a general Monte Carlo error sensitivity model
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2009
Spatial Phylogenetics of Florida Vascular Plants: The Effects of Calibration and Uncertainty on Diversity Estimates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Fine‐scale quantification of floral and faunal breaks and their geographic correlates, with an example from south‐eastern Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2699.2012.02739.X
Abstract: Aim We introduce a method to quantify shared breaks in aggregate biotic distributions and their relationships to geographic variables. The method is based on quantification of distributional taxic and abiotic data that can be applied over multiple spatial scales. We aim to show biogeographic breaks and varying transition zones at a fine level of detail (5‐km resolution) and develop an approach to assess existing bioregionalization schemes. Location Global applicability, using an ex le from New South Wales in south‐eastern Australia. Methods Moving window analyses, rotated in 15° increments through 360°, are used to assess the degree of anisotropic spatial turnover between sets of gridded cells containing georeferenced species observations. Patterns of biotic turnover are compared with equivalent analyses for elevation and lithology. Identified breaks are assessed against an existing bioregionalization scheme (Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia, IBRA). Results There was fine‐scale concordance between turnover patterns and several IBRA bioregions. Breaks in turnover of flora and fauna corresponded with the boundaries of the Hunter Valley and Sydney Basin regions, particularly the boundary between the Brigalow Belt South and Sydney Basin. Low‐turnover zones were quantified prominent ex les are the Sydney Cataract and Wyong bioregions. Turnover along many boundaries was gradational, confirming that mapped breaks are not abrupt. A previously unidentified break was identified in the South East Corner bioregion. Spatial turnover patterns were similar between biota and were reflected in mean correlation coefficients between turnover in each group: mammals–reptiles ( r = 0.70, P 0.01) mammals–flora ( r = 0.56, P 0.01) and reptiles–flora ( r = 0.51, P 0.01). Generally, patterns of abiotic turnover reflected biotic turnover, although mean turnover correlations were weaker than between biota. Main conclusions Using this method we were able to characterize taxic breaks and overlaps in detail and at a spatially fine resolution. For our study region, we confirm the overall integrity of the IBRA framework, but suggest that it may benefit from revision in some respects.
Leigh syndrome caused by mutations in MTFMT is associated with a better prognosis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-02-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ACN3.725
The Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory: How Ecology and Big Data can be utilised in the fight against vector-borne diseases
Publisher: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand
Date: 29-11-2015
Assessing biodiversity and endemism using phylogenetic methods across multiple taxonomic groups
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2015
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.1747
Macroecological scale effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions under environmental change
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.2036
A dynamic view of seagrass meadows in the wake of successful green turtle conservation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2021
The Spatial Distribution of Chacma Baboon (Papio ursinus) Habitat Based on an Environmental Envelope Model
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2013
Quantifying vertebrate zoogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in the species composition of mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial amphibians
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 22-06-2020
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4802.1.4
Abstract: A geospatial analysis of 1,906,302 records of 1938 species of Australian vertebrates has shown that the original regions proposed in the 19th century, namely the Eyrean, Torresian and Bassian still hold. The analysis has shown that the Eyrean region has an east-west ide, forming two, possibly independent arid regions (Eastern Desert and Western Desert provinces), that are shaped by topography and rainfall. A revised and interim zoogeographical area taxonomy of the Australian region is presented herein.
Lexical similarity and endemism in historical wordlists of Australian Aboriginal languages of the greater Sydney region
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2008
How are soil carbon and tropical biodiversity related?
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-02-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0376892916000011
Abstract: This article discusses how biological conservation can benefit from an understanding of soil carbon. Protecting natural areas not only safeguards the biota but also curtails atmospheric carbon emissions. Opportunities for funding biological conservation could potentially be greater if soil carbon content is considered. In this article current knowledge concerning the magnitude and vulnerability of soil carbon stocks is reviewed and the relationship of these stocks to biological conservation values is explored. Looking at two relatively well-studied tropical regions we find that 15 of 21 animal species of conservation concern in the Virunga Landscape (Central Africa), and nine of ten such species in the Federal District of Brazil (Central Brazil), rely on carbon-rich habitats (alluvial and/or wetlands). At national scales, densities of species, endemics and threatened taxa (plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, hibians and fish) show positive and significant relations with mean soil carbon content in all but two cases (threatened hibians and threatened fish). Of more than 1000 threatened species in 37 selected tropical nations, 85% rely on carbon-rich habitats. This tendency is observed in plants, mammals, reptiles, hibians and crustaceans, while birds appear more evenly distributed. Research to clarify and explore these relationships is needed. Soil carbon offers major opportunities for conservation.
A biogeographical regionalization of AustralianAcaciaspecies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12153
Using sediment budgets to investigate the pathogen flux through catchments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2004
DOI: 10.1007/S00267-003-0168-1
Abstract: We demonstrate a materials budget approach to identify the main source areas and fluxes of pathogens through a landscape by using the flux of fine sediments as a proxyfor pathogens. Sediment budgets were created for three subcatchment tributaries of the Googong Reservoir in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Major inputs, sources, stores, and transport zones were estimated using sediment s ling, dam trap efficiency measures, and radionuclide tracing. Particle size analyses were used to quantify the fine-sediment component of the total sediment flux, from which the pathogen flux was inferred by considering the differences between the mobility and transportation of fine sediments and pathogens. Gullies were identified as important sources of fine sediment, and therefore of pathogens, with the pathogen risk compounded when cattle shelter in them during wet periods. The results also indicate that the degree of landscape modification influences both sediment and pathogen mobilization. Farm dams, sw y meadows and glades along drainage paths lower the flux of fine sediment, and therefore pathogens, in this landscape during low-flow periods. However, high-rainfall and high-flow events are likely to transport most of the fine sediment, and therefore pathogen, flux from the Googong landscape to the reservoir. Materials budgets are a repeatable and comparatively low-cost method for investigating the pathogen flux through a landscape.
Insect monitoring radar: Retrieval of wingbeat information from conical-scan observation data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Is there a latitudinal gradient in the proportion of species with spinescence?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-04-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JPE/RTW031
Quantifying phytogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in species composition
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-03-2014
Predicting regolith properties using environmental correlation: A comparison of spatially global and spatially local approaches
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Spatial variation in the climatic predictors of species compositional turnover and endemism
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.1156
Phylogenetic diversity and conservation of crop wild relatives in Colombia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/EVA.13295
Abstract: Crop wild relatives (CWR) are an important agricultural resource as they contain genetic traits not found in cultivated species due to localized adaptation to unique environmental and climatic conditions. Phylogenetic ersity (PD) measures the evolutionary relationship of species using the tree of life. Our knowledge of CWR PD in neotropical regions is in its infancy. We analysed the distribution of CWR PD across Colombia and assessed its conservation status. The areas with the largest concentration of PD were identified as being in the northern part of the central and western Andean mountain ranges and the Pacific region. These centres of high PD were comprised of predominantly short and closely related branches, mostly of species of wild tomatoes and black peppers. In contrast, the CWR PD in the lowland ecosystems of the Amazon and Orinoquia regions had deeply erging clades predominantly represented by long and distantly related branches (i.e. tuberous roots, grains and cacao). We categorized 50 (52.6%) of the CWR species as ‘high priority’, 36 as ‘medium priority’ and nine as ‘low priority’ for further ex‐situ and in situ conservation actions. New areas of high PD and richness with large ex‐situ gap collections were identified mainly in the northern part of the Andes of Colombia. We found that 56% of the grid cells with the highest PD values were unprotected. These baseline data could be used to create a comprehensive national strategy of CWR conservation in Colombia.
Insect Monitoring Radar: Remote and network operation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
Quantifying High Resolution Transitional Breaks in Plant and Mammal Distributions at Regional Extent and Their Association with Climate, Topography and Geology
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-2013
Pore-scale observations of supercritical CO2 drainage in Bentheimer sandstone by synchrotron x-ray imaging
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Sensitivity of the BFAST algorithm to MODIS satellite and vegetation index
Publisher: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc.
Date: 12-2013
Spatial phylogenetics of the North American flora
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JSE.12590
Tests of larval retention in a tidally energetic environment reveal the complexity of the spatial structure in herring populations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/FOG.12129
RMND1-Related Leukoencephalopathy With Temporal Lobe Cysts and Hearing Loss—Another Mendelian Mimicker of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEDIATRNEUROL.2016.09.003
Abstract: Leukoencephalopathy with temporal lobe cysts may be associated with monogenetic conditions such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome or RNASET2 mutations and with congenital infections such as cytomegalovirus. In view of the fact that congenital cytomegalovirus is difficult to confirm outside the neonatal period, excluding a Mendelian disorder is extremely relevant, changing family planning and medical management in affected families. We performed diagnostic testing in in iduals with leukoencephalopathy with temporal lobe cysts without a definitive diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. We reviewed a large-scale biorepository of patients with unsolved leukodystrophies and identified two in iduals with required for meiotic nuclear ision 1 (RMND1) mutations and similar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including temporal lobe cysts. Ten additional subjects with confirmed RMND1 mutations were identified as part of a separate disease specific cohort. Brain MRIs from all 12 in iduals were reviewed for common neuroradiological features. MRI features in RMND1 mutations included temporal lobe swelling, with rarefaction and cystic evolution, enlarged tips of the temporal lobes, and multifocal subcortical white matter changes with confluent periatrial T2 signal hyperintensity. A combination of these features was present in ten of the 12 in iduals reviewed. Despite the small number of reported in iduals with RMND1 mutations, a clinically recognizable phenotype of leukoencephalopathy with temporal lobe swelling, rarefaction, and cystic changes has emerged in a subset of in iduals. Careful clinical phenotyping, including for lactic acidosis, deafness, and severe muscle involvement seen in RMND1 mutation positive in iduals, and MRI pattern recognition will be important in differentiating these patients from children with congenital infections like cytomegalovirus.
Which species distribution models are more (or less) likely to project broad-scale, climate-induced shifts in species ranges?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Biogeographical regions and phytogeography of the eucalypts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2013
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.12129
Effect of fluid topology on residual nonwetting phase trapping: Implications for geologic CO2 sequestration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Insect Migration
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 14-09-1995
Abstract: Migration is a key process in the population dynamics of many insects, including some of the most damaging pests. Multidisciplinary research into the importance of migration, in recent decades, has produced many new insights. This book reviews current understanding of the ecological, behavioural, physiological and genetic bases of insect migration. The first part describes migration systems in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and America, with an emphasis on the role of regional weather and climate. The second part considers insects adaptation to migration it covers: aerodynamics and energetics the integration of migration in insect life cycles environmental and genetic regulation of migratory potential and the evolutionary implications of habitat heterogeneity and variability. The book then addresses the application of this knowledge to operational pest forecasting.
Carbon isotopic signatures of soil organic matter correlate with leaf area index across woody biomes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-09-2014
Latitudinal gradients in the skull shape and assemblage structure of delphinoid cetaceans
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-03-2023
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAC128
Abstract: Within delphinoid cetaceans, snout shape is significantly correlated to diet, with long-snouted raptorial-feeding predators preying on smaller and more agile prey than shorter-snouted species. Although there have been several studies into longirostry from a functional perspective there have been no quantitative analyses of spatial variation in skull shape or how the pattern in skull shape morphospace occupation varies between assemblages. Here we analyse the cranial morphological variation of Delphinoidea assemblages. Firstly, we calculate mean and Gi* hotspot statistics of skull shape across the world’s oceans. We find that tropical and subtropical assemblages exhibit higher average measures of longirostry. This pattern is likely caused by differences in the availability of certain prey types in warmer and cooler environments. Secondly, we calculate mean pairwise distance as well as mean nearest taxon distance in functional traits between the members of 119 unique delphinoid assemblages. There was a trend for low latitude assemblages to exhibit greater overdispersion in PC1 (snout length) compared those from high latitudes. Our results suggest that ocean temperature is influential in determining the ersity, range limits and assemblage structure of delphinoid cetaceans.
The Citation Relationships between Journals of Geography and Cognate Disciplines
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-12-2010
The Australian Plague Locust
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
From ratites to rats: the size of fleshy fruits shapes species' distributions and continental rainforest assembly
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 07-12-2015
Abstract: Seed dispersal is a key process in plant spatial dynamics. However, consistently applicable generalizations about dispersal across scales are mostly absent because of the constraints on measuring propagule dispersal distances for many species. Here, we focus on fleshy-fruited taxa, specifically taxa with large fleshy fruits and their dispersers across an entire continental rainforest biome. We compare species-level results of whole-chloroplast DNA analyses in sister taxa with large and small fruits, to regional plot-based s les (310 plots), and whole-continent patterns for the distribution of woody species with either large (more than 30 mm) or smaller fleshy fruits (1093 taxa). The pairwise genomic comparison found higher genetic distances between populations and between regions in the large-fruited species ( Endiandra globosa ), but higher overall ersity within the small-fruited species ( Endiandra discolor ). Floristic comparisons among plots confirmed lower numbers of large-fruited species in areas where more extreme rainforest contraction occurred, and re-colonization by small-fruited species readily dispersed by the available fauna. Species' distribution patterns showed that larger-fruited species had smaller geographical ranges than smaller-fruited species and locations with stable refugia (and high endemism) aligned with concentrations of large fleshy-fruited taxa, making them a potentially valuable conservation-planning indicator.
Insect monitoring radar: Analytical time-domain algorithm for retrieving trajectory and target parameters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2004
Habitat selection by the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) in disturbed environments: Implications for the conservation of a 'common' species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
The impact of DEM error on predictive vegetation mapping
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2008
Global patterns in post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates and vertebrates
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-06-2021
Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of the genus Acacia in Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/BT11112
Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify and map the spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of the genus Acacia in Australia. A database of 171 758 geo-referenced herbarium records representing 1020 Acacia species was assembled and aggregated to a 0.25° grid cell resolution. A neighbourhood analysis of one-cell radius was applied to each of the grid cells to map the spatial patterns of species richness and endemism. The primary centres of species richness are in accordance with previous results, occurring in the South-West Botanical Province in Western Australia, the MacPherson-Macleay overlap and the Central Coast of the Sydney Sandstone region. We identify 21 centres of endemism, of which six were previously unrecognised. The primary centres of endemism are located in South-West Western Australia, the Kimberley District and the Wet Tropics in Queensland. The South-West Botanical Province in Western Australia contained the greatest number of regions with the highest number of endemic species of Acacia. A randomisation test showed that our 21 centres of endemism were significantly different from random. The majority of centres of Acacia endemism were incongruent with the centres of species richness, with only three grid cells in the top 1% for both measures. We also confirm that South-West Western Australia is a region of very high species richness and endemism, in accordance with its status as a global hotspot of bio ersity.
Topological Persistence for Relating Microstructure and Capillary Fluid Trapping in Sandstones
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018WR022780
Abstract: Results from a series of two‐phase fluid flow experiments in Leopard, Berea, and Bentheimer sandstones are presented. Fluid configurations are characterized using laboratory‐based and synchrotron based 3‐D X‐ray computed tomography. All flow experiments are conducted under capillary‐dominated conditions. We conduct geometry‐topology analysis via persistent homology and compare this to standard topological and watershed‐partition‐based pore‐network statistics. Metrics identified as predictors of nonwetting fluid trapping are calculated from the different analytical methods and are compared to levels of trapping measured during drainage‐imbibition cycles in the experiments. Metrics calculated from pore networks (i.e., pore body‐throat aspect ratio and coordination number) and topological analysis (Euler characteristic) do not correlate well with trapping in these s les. In contrast, a new metric derived from the persistent homology analysis, which incorporates counts of topological features as well as their length scale and spatial distribution, correlates very well ( R 2 = 0.97) to trapping for all systems. This correlation encompasses a wide range of porous media and initial fluid configurations, and also applies to data sets of different imaging and image processing protocols.
The Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory: Where ecology meets big data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Signal processing for ZLC-configuration insect monitoring radars
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2013
A revision of the bioregionalisation of freshwater fish communities in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-03-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.5059
Recent Insights from Radar Studies of Insect Flight
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 07-01-2011
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ENTO-120709-144820
Abstract: Radar has been used to study insects in flight for over 40 years and has helped to establish the ubiquity of several migration phenomena: dawn, morning, and dusk takeoffs approximate downwind transport concentration at wind convergences layers in stable nighttime atmospheres and nocturnal common orientation. Two novel radar designs introduced in the late 1990s have significantly enhanced observing capabilities. Radar-based research now encompasses foraging as well as migration and is increasingly focused on flight behavior and the environmental cues influencing it. Migrant moths have been shown to employ sophisticated orientation and height-selection strategies that maximize displacements in seasonally appropriate directions they appear to have an internal compass and to respond to turbulence features in the airflow. Tracks of foraging insects demonstrate compensation for wind drift and use of optimal search paths to locate resources. Further improvements to observing capabilities, and employment in operational as well as research roles, appear feasible.
DEVELOPMENT of A MODEL to CORRECT MULTI-VIEW ANGLE above WATER MEASUREMENTS for the ANALYSIS of the BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE of CORAL and OTHER REEF SUBSTRATES
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 16-07-2012
DOI: 10.5194/ISPRSANNALS-I-7-19-2012
Abstract: Abstract. Spectral reflectance characteristics of substrates in a coral reef environment are often measured in the field by viewing a substrate at nadir. However, viewing a substrate from multiple angles would likely result in different spectral characteristics for most coral reef substrates and provide valuable information on structural properties. To understand the relationship between the morphology of a substrate and its spectral response it is necessary to correct the observed above-water radiance for the effects of atmosphere and water attenuation, at a number of view and azimuth angles. In this way the actual surface reflectance can be determined. This research examines the air-water surface interaction for two hypothetical atmospheric conditions (clear Rayleigh scattering and totally cloudcovered) and the global irradiance reaching the benthic surface. It accounts for both water scattering and absorption, with simplifications for shallow water conditions, as well as the additive effect of background reflectance being reflected at the water-air surface at angles greater than the critical refraction angle (~48°). A model was developed to correct measured above-water radiance along the refracted view angle for its decrease due to path attenuation and the "n squared law of radiance" and the additive surface reflectance. This allows bidirectional benthic surface reflectance and nadir-normalised reflectance to be determined. These theoretical models were adapted to incorporate above-water measures relative to a standard, diffuse, white reference panel. The derived spectral signatures of a number of coral and non-coral benthic surfaces compared well with other published results, and the signatures and nadir normalised reflectance of the corals and other benthic surface classes indicate good class separation.
The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) through time: a model of potential core habitat regions during a glacial–interglacial cycle
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2016
Gambling with randomness: the use of pseudo-random number generators in GIS
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1080/713811743
Assessing the immediate impacts of the 2019/2020 bushfires on land snails in northeastern New South Wales
Publisher: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
Date: 20-05-2022
DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2022.010
Abstract: This study aimed to improve our understanding of the immediate response of 26 priority species of land snail that may have been severely impacted by the 2019/2020 megafire event in north-eastern New South Wales. Our study covered a range of ecosystem types over an area of approximately 20,400 km2. We searched 70 survey sites that differed in burn severity for all species of land snail visually on-site and by sifting leaf litter s les under a microscope in the laboratory. These survey sites were selected for representing pre-existing occurrence records of priority species at sites that differed in mapped fire severity classes as based on Fire Extent and Severity data available from public sources. We also surveyed unburnt sites for comparative purposes. We found that nearly all survey sites encompassed a patchwork of areas with different burn extent and severity and that more humid forest types were overall affected by lower fire extent and severity than surrounding more xeric forest types. Only one site with extreme fire extent and severity was surveyed. The survey covered 165 historical occurrence records, 96 of which (58%) were re-confirmed. We also found 55 new occurrence records, 11 of which were in burnt and 44 in unburnt sites. Burnt and unburnt sites showed slight, yet insignificant differences in the redetection rate of species, which was generally low (on average 50–65%). Our data does not reveal an association between the number of specimens found at sites and burn severity and extent (from unburnt to extreme burnt). While we infer that populations have declined in areas affected by more severe fires, we found proportions of the survey area to be affected by fires of lower severity, which likely did not substantially affect the size of local land snail populations. Based on this, we conclude that initial concerns that the bushfires had led to a substantial deterioration of the conservation status of land snails are not generally corroborated. Instead, we have assessed just 3 species (10% of all studied species) as of conservation concern and 7 species (23%) as near threatened due to direct impacts of the 2019/2020 megafires. However, the paucity of occurrence records for many species and our limited knowledge of their ecology h ers a more detailed assessment of the potential fire impacts on many species, including possible on-going threats. Long-term monitoring and research are critical to ensure effective management especially of narrow range endemics.
Distribution and population estimate for the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10329-012-0303-9
Abstract: We report the current species distribution and population estimate for the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) in KwaZulu-Natal Province (KZN), South Africa, based on an analysis of estimated area of occupancy and estimated home range size. This estimate suggests a total population size of approximately 11,000 in iduals for KZN. Much of the province is uninhabited, with a density in occupied areas of approximately 1.8 animals per km(2). The current population size may be more than an order of magnitude smaller than historical population size. Chacma baboons now exhibit a highly fragmented and discontinuous distribution in KZN, with 58% of the population residing within protected areas, and more than half of these troops reside in areas >1,500 m above average sea level. The small population and highly fragmented distribution of chacma baboons in KZN, combined with rapidly increasing human population size and transformation of natural habitat, suggest this species requires greater conservation attention.
Assessing regional scale weed distributions, with an Australian example using Nassella trichotoma
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
Geographic hot spots of dingo genetic ancestry in southeastern Australia despite hybridisation with domestic dogs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2019
Effect of error in the DEM on environmental variables for predictive vegetation modelling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2004
Potential lantana invasion of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area under climate change
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/PC110054
Abstract: Invasive weeds represent one of the greatest threats to ecosystem integrity worldwide, with climate change predicted to allow expansion of weed ranges in coming decades. One of Australia’s worst weeds is lantana (Lantana camara) which, given the potential for climatic change, is of increasing concern to those managing the mountainous regions in the country’s southeast. In order to identify potential additional threats lantana may pose for Australia’s valued bio ersity, this research develops a habitat suitability model for lantana in a portion of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area under current and simulated warmer conditions. Minimum temperature was found to be the most important predictor correlated with potential lantana establishment, explaining over 88% of the variation in lantana presence predicted by the model. Currently, 8% of the study area was found to be suitable for lantana, with this figure reaching 94% after a simulated 2°C rise in temperature anticipated by 2050. The sharp increase in suitable habitat highlights the importance of keeping the weed’s range restricted in the study area. The strong link between temperature and predicted lantana establishment confirms prior research and further stresses the threat this weed poses to the area’s bio ersity values as the climate warms. In addition, the model identified low-lying riparian areas as potential incursion pathways for the weed to travel further inland. Given the weed’s invasiveness, potential for adverse impacts, and high capacity for dispersal, these pathways should not be overlooked when monitoring potential invasion of mountainous regions by lantana and other tropical weeds.
The Incidence of low phosphorus soils in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2017
Morphometric characterisation of landform from DEMs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2010
Using maps of continuous variation in species compositional turnover to supplement uniform polygon species range maps
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-01-2014
Phylogeny-based measurements at global and regional scales
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
The effect of species geographical distribution estimation methods on richness and phylogenetic diversity estimates
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2012
Radar observations of the spring migration into northeastern China of the oriental armyworm moth, Mythimna separata, and other insects
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1989
Range‐weighted metrics of species and phylogenetic turnover can better resolve biogeographic transition zones
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2016
Geospatial analysis of species, biodiversity and landscapes: introduction to the second special issue on spatial ecology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2012
INSECTS IN THE SEA‐BREEZE FRONT AT CANBERRA: A RADAR STUDY
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1982
Incorporating a distance cost in systematic reserve design
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2011
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Newcastle University
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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University Of Aberdeen
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Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0774833
Start Date: 03-2007
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $450,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0562070
Start Date: 07-2005
End Date: 06-2010
Amount: $72,444.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP190101676
Start Date: 05-2019
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $567,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP100200110
Start Date: 10-2010
End Date: 10-2013
Amount: $240,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity