ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6483-8561
Current Organisations
The London School of Economics and Political Science
,
Cardiff University
,
Durham University
,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Psychology | Social And Community Psychology | Social and Community Psychology | Social and Cultural Geography |
Behavioural and cognitive sciences | Social Class and Inequalities | Ethnicity and multiculturalism | Migrant development and welfare | Specific Population Health (excl. Indigenous Health) not elsewhere classified | Ethnicity, Multiculturalism and Migrant Development and Welfare | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Studies in human society | Health Inequalities
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-05-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2021.588944
Abstract: This research draws from three distinct lines of research on the link between emotions and intergroup bias as springboard to integrative, new hypotheses. Past research suggests that emotions extrinsic to the outgroup (or “incidental”), and intrinsic to the outgroup (or “integral”), produce valence-congruent effects on intergroup bias when relevant or “applicable” to the outgroup (e.g., incidental/integral anger and ethnic outgroups). These emotions produce valence in congruent effects when irrelevant or “non-applicable” to the outgroup (e.g., incidental/integral sadness and happiness, and ethnic outgroups). Internally valid and ecologically sound tests of these contrasting effects are missing hence we examined them experimentally in meaningful settings of interethnic contact. To this end, we hybridized established research paradigms in mood and intergroup contact research this approach enabled us to use same materials and induction methods to instigate incidental and integral emotions in a single research design. In Experiment 1, White Australian students ( N = 93) in in vivo real face-to-face contact with an ethnic tutor in their classroom displayed less interethnic bias when incidentally sad (vs. happy) or integrally happy (vs. sad). In Experiment 2, White American males' ( N = 492) anti-Arab bias displayed ergent effects under incidental vs. integral (non-applicable) sadness/happiness and similar effects under incidental vs. integral (applicable) anger. The role of perceptions of agency in the emotion-inducing situation is also explored, tested, and explained drawing from mainstream emotion theory. As expected, integral and incidental applicable emotions caused valence congruent effects, at the opposite sides of the subjective agency spectrum, by encouraging the generalization of dislike from the outgroup contact partner to the outgroup as a whole. On the other hand, incidental-non-applicable emotions caused valence-incongruent effects on bias, under high agency conditions, by encouraging (non-partner-centered) heuristic processing. Because of the improved methodology, these effects can be regarded as genuine and not the byproduct of methodological artifacts. This theory-driven and empirically sound analysis of the interplay between emotion source, emotion applicability and subjective agency in intergroup contact can increase the precision of emotion-based bias reduction strategies by deepening understanding of the emotion conditions that lead to intergroup bias attenuation vs. exacerbation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2010.537660
Abstract: The need for closure predicts an evaluative bias against people whose opinions or behaviors deviate from those of other members of their social groups. In the present study, we investigated whether the relationship between the need for closure and deviant bias generalized to nonsocial stimuli, and we examined the process underlying this relationship. Sixty-one undergraduate students completed measures of the need for closure, the need for structure, intolerance for ambiguity, and the ability to be decisive and achieve cognitive structure. They then rated their liking for letters of the Latin alphabet ("A" & "B") whose locations were consistent and inconsistent with relevant categories ("A circle" and "B circle"). Participants liked category-inconsistent letters less than category-consistent letters. Measures related to the need for structure and closed-mindedness correlated positively with this deviant bias, whereas measures related to the ability to be decisive and achieve cognitive structure did not. These results imply that the relationship between the need for closure and deviant bias is a relatively basic and pervasive effect that is not unique to social deviance and is driven by the need for structure and closed-mindedness. Implications for social and nonsocial stimuli are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2198
DOI: 10.1037/GPR0000123
Abstract: Several researchers have recently argued that p values lose their meaning in exploratory analyses due to an unknown inflation of the alpha level (e.g., Nosek & Lakens, 2014 Wagenmakers, 2016 ). For this argument to be tenable, the familywise error rate must be defined in relation to the number of hypotheses that are tested in the same study or article. Under this conceptualization, the familywise error rate is usually unknowable in exploratory analyses because it is usually unclear how many hypotheses have been tested on a spontaneous basis and then omitted from the final research report. In the present article, I argue that it is inappropriate to conceptualize the familywise error rate in relation to the number of hypotheses that are tested. Instead, it is more appropriate to conceptualize familywise error in relation to the number of different tests that are conducted on the same null hypothesis in the same study. Under this conceptualization, alpha-level adjustments in exploratory analyses are (a) less necessary and (b) objectively verifiable. As a result, p values do not lose their meaning in exploratory analyses.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-06-2016
Publisher: JOTE Publishers
Date: 24-04-2023
DOI: 10.36850/MR4
Abstract: Questionable research practices may reduce the public’s trust in science. The present article considers some questionable metascience practices (QMPs) that may threaten scientists’ trust in metascience. A QMP is a research practice, assumption, or perspective that has been questioned by several commentators as being potentially problematic for the credibility of metascience and/or the science reform movement. The present article reviews 10 QMPs that relate to criticism, replication, bias, generalization, and the characterization of science. Specifically, the following QMPs are considered: (1) rejecting or ignoring self-criticism (2) a fast ‘n’ bropen scientific criticism style (3) overplaying the role of replication in science (4) assuming a replication rate is “too low” without specifying an “acceptable” rate (5) an unacknowledged metabias towards explaining the replication crisis in terms of researcher bias (6) assuming that researcher bias can be reduced (7) devaluing exploratory results as more “tentative” than confirmatory results (8) presuming that QRPs are problematic research practices (9) focusing on knowledge accumulation as an index of scientific progress and (10) focusing on specific scientific methods. It is stressed that only some metascientists engage in some QMPs some of the time, and that these QMPs may not always be problematic. Research is required to estimate the prevalence and impact of QMPs. In the meantime, QMPs should be viewed as invitations to ask “questions” about how we go about doing metascience rather than as grounds for mistrusting the credibility of metascience.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12323
Abstract: The debate between the proponents of SIMSA and SJT does not pivot on whether system justification occurs - we all agree that system justification does occur. The issue is why it occurs? System justification theory (SJT Jost & Banaji, 1994, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1) assumes that system justification is motivated by a special system justification motive. In contrast, the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, , Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27, 2) argues that there is insufficient conclusive evidence for this special system motive, and that system justification can be explained in terms of social identity motives, including the motivation to accurately reflect social reality and the search for a positive social identity. Here, we respond to criticisms of SIMSA, including criticisms of its social reality, ingroup bias, and hope for future ingroup status explanations of system justification. We conclude that SJT theorists should decide whether system justification is oppositional to, or compatible with social identity motives, and that this dilemma could be resolved by relinquishing the theoretically problematic notion of a system justification motivation.
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.PSYCH.53.100901.135109
Abstract: ▪ Abstract This chapter reviews the extensive literature on bias in favor of in-groups at the expense of out-groups. We focus on five issues and identify areas for future research: (a) measurement and conceptual issues (especially in-group favoritism vs. out-group derogation, and explicit vs. implicit measures of bias) (b) modern theories of bias highlighting motivational explanations (social identity, optimal distinctiveness, uncertainty reduction, social dominance, terror management) (c) key moderators of bias, especially those that exacerbate bias (identification, group size, status and power, threat, positive-negative asymmetry, personality and in idual differences) (d) reduction of bias (in idual vs. intergroup approaches, especially models of social categorization) and (e) the link between intergroup bias and more corrosive forms of social hostility.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1037/GPR0000128
Abstract: Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report ( Kerr, 1998 ). In the present article, I discuss 3 forms of HARKing: (a) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses (b) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses and (c) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These 3 types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these 3 types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12662
Abstract: This integrative review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on workplace stress and resilience in the Australian nursing workforce. A search of the published literature was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was limited to papers published in English from January 2008 to December 2018. The review integrated both qualitative and quantitative data into a single synthesis. Of the 41 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 65.85% (27/41) used quantitative data, 29.26% (12/41) used qualitative data, and 4.87% (2/41) used mixed methods. About 48.78% (20/41) of the papers addressed resilience issues, 46.34% (19/41) addressed workplace stress, and 4.87% (2/41) addressed both workplace stress and resilience. The synthesis indicated that nurses experience moderate to high levels of stress. Several in idual attributes and organizational resources are employed by nurses to manage workplace adversity. The in idual attributes include the use of work-life balance and organizing work as a mindful strategy, as well as self-reliance, passion and interest, positive thinking, and emotional intelligence as self-efficacy mechanisms. The organizational resources used to build resilience are support services (both formal and informal), leadership, and role modelling. The empirical studies on resilience largely address in idual attributes and organizational resources used to build resilience, with relatively few studies focusing on workplace interventions. Our review recommends that research attention be devoted to educational interventions to achieve sustainable improvements in the mental health and wellbeing of nurses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12285
Abstract: Do the disadvantaged have an autonomous system justification motivation that operates against their personal and group interests? System justification theory (SJT Jost & Banaji, 1994, Br. J. Soc. Psychol, 33, 1) proposes that they do and that this motivation helps to (1) reduce cognitive dissonance and associated uncertainties and (2) soothe the pain that is associated with knowing that one's group is subject to social inequality. However, 25 years of research on this system justification motivation has given rise to several theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. The present article argues that these inconsistencies can be resolved by a social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, 2018, Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci, 27, 91). SIMSA assumes that instances of system justification are often in alignment with (rather than opposed to) the interests of the disadvantaged. According to SIMSA, the disadvantaged may support social systems (1) in order to acknowledge social reality, (2) when they perceive the wider social system to constitute a superordinate ingroup, and (3) because they hope to improve their ingroup's status through existing channels in the long run. These propositions are corroborated by existing and emerging evidence. We conclude that SIMSA offers a more coherent and parsimonious explanation for system justification than does SJT.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-02-2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-10-2021
DOI: 10.1177/13684302211038062
Abstract: While considering the role of group-level factors as predictors of collective action, research has overlooked the role of group prototypes in determining willingness to engage in collective action. To begin to investigate this area, we conducted two correlational studies ( Ns = 141 and 98) in high schools examining the association between prototypical ingroup members’ desire to engage in collective action and participants’ collective action on behalf of a disadvantaged group (immigrants). Results showed a positive association between these two variables. We also investigated boundaries of this effect, finding that the association emerged when participants lacked personal experiences with the disadvantaged group (cross-group friendships Study 1) or identified more with their ingroup, an effect also found when including a behavioral measure of collective action (Study 2). Intentions to follow the prototypical ingroup member emerged as the mediator (Study 2). It is worth noting that our methodology allowed us to assess prototypicality in a naturalistic context by calculating a metacontrast ratio for each group member, in line with self-categorization theory’s conceptualization of prototypicality. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications, with reference to the role of prototypicality as a means of social influence and to developing social norms in the context of collective action.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-06-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12662
Abstract: This integrative review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on workplace stress and resilience in the Australian nursing workforce. A search of the published literature was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was limited to papers published in English from January 2008 to December 2018. The review integrated both qualitative and quantitative data into a single synthesis. Of the 41 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 65.85% (27/41) used quantitative data, 29.26% (12/41) used qualitative data, and 4.87% (2/41) used mixed methods. About 48.78% (20/41) of the papers addressed resilience issues, 46.34% (19/41) addressed workplace stress, and 4.87% (2/41) addressed both workplace stress and resilience. The synthesis indicated that nurses experience moderate to high levels of stress. Several in idual attributes and organizational resources are employed by nurses to manage workplace adversity. The in idual attributes include the use of work-life balance and organizing work as a mindful strategy, as well as self-reliance, passion and interest, positive thinking, and emotional intelligence as self-efficacy mechanisms. The organizational resources used to build resilience are support services (both formal and informal), leadership, and role modelling. The empirical studies on resilience largely address in idual attributes and organizational resources used to build resilience, with relatively few studies focusing on workplace interventions. Our review recommends that research attention be devoted to educational interventions to achieve sustainable improvements in the mental health and wellbeing of nurses.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2947
Abstract: The world is witnessing the highest level of displacement of people on record. Public discourse often uses labels to describe people on the move such as ‘migrants’, ‘asylum seekers’, or ‘refugees’ interchangeably. A preregistered study in nine countries (Australia, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom N = 2844) tested experimentally the effect of these three labels on attitudes towards immigrants and immigration policies. We found a significant difference between the label ‘migrant’ and both ‘asylum seeker’ and ‘refugee’ on the social distance scale. Participants were happier if migrants, rather than asylum seekers and refugees, were their neighbours, friends, or partners. The effect was mediated by perceived benefits, but not threats, whereby migrants were perceived to bring more benefits to receiving societies than asylum seekers and refugees. To increase the acceptance of immigrants, speakers may consider specifying the given group and emphasize benefits that immigrants bring to receiving societies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJOP.12645
Abstract: A substantial body of research indicates that higher education students from lower social class backgrounds tend to have poorer health than those from higher social class backgrounds. To investigate sleep as a potential mediator of this relationship, online survey responses of students from five large Australian universities, one Irish university and one large Australian technical college were analysed in three studies (Study 1 N = 628 Study 2 N = 376 Study 3 N = 446). The results revealed that sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, pre‐sleep worries and sleep schedule variability mediated the relationship between social class and physical and mental health. Sleep remained a significant mediator when controlling for related variables and other mediators. Thus, the findings suggest that sleep partly explains social class differences in health. We discuss the importance of addressing sleep issues among students from lower social class backgrounds.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/A000114
Abstract: The present research investigated linguistic description as a moderator of biased evaluations of counterstereotypical in iduals. Members of an online participant pool (N = 237) indicated their liking for stereotypical and counterstereotypical in iduals who were described using adjectives or behaviors. There was a significant interaction between target typicality and linguistic description: People liked counterstereotypical in iduals more than stereotypical in iduals when target in iduals were described using adjectives. In contrast, they showed no bias or a negative bias against counterstereotypical in iduals who were described using behaviors. This interaction effect generalized across gender targets (men/women) and sexuality targets (gay/straight), and it was partially mediated by subjective processing fluency. Implications for the backlash effect and prejudice reduction are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-06-2022
DOI: 10.1177/01461672211021190
Abstract: It has been established that people from lower social classes tend to have poorer mental well-being compared with people from higher classes. Research also suggests that people from the lower classes are also less socially integrated. This research investigated the role of social integration in the relationship between social class and mental well-being across three studies (Study 1 N = 15,028 Study 2 N = 1,946 Study 3 N = 461). Across all studies, social class had an indirect effect on mental well-being via social integration. Moderation results found that social integration buffers the negative impact of financial issues on mental well-being, social support buffers the effects of class on mental ill-health, and family support lifies rather than reduces social class differences in mental well-being. We propose that although improving social integration has the potential to improve the mental well-being of lower class populations, some caveats need to be considered.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2014
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2029
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1917
DOI: 10.1037/GPR0000135
Abstract: Gelman and Loken (2013 , 2014 ) proposed that when researchers base their statistical analyses on the idiosyncratic characteristics of a specific s le (e.g., a nonlinear transformation of a variable because it is skewed), they open up alternative analysis paths in potential replications of their study that are based on different s les (i.e., no transformation of the variable because it is not skewed). These alternative analysis paths count as additional (multiple) tests and, consequently, they increase the probability of making a Type I error during hypothesis testing. The present article considers this forking paths problem and evaluates four potential solutions that might be used in psychology and other fields: (a) adjusting the prespecified alpha level, (b) preregistration, (c) sensitivity analyses, and (d) abandoning the Neyman-Pearson approach. It is concluded that although preregistration and sensitivity analyses are effective solutions to p-hacking, they are ineffective against result-neutral forking paths, such as those caused by transforming data. Conversely, although adjusting the alpha level cannot address p-hacking, it can be effective for result-neutral forking paths. Finally, abandoning the Neyman-Pearson approach represents a further solution to the forking paths problem.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2017
Abstract: Stigma is an important barrier to seeking psychological services worldwide. Two types of stigma exist: public stigma and self-stigma. Scholars have argued that public stigma leads to self-stigma, and then self-stigma is the primary predictor of attitudes toward seeking psychological services. However, this assertion is largely limited to U.S. s les. The goal of this research was to provide a first step in understanding the relationship between public stigma, self-stigma, and attitudes toward seeking psychological services in international contexts ( N = 3,276 Australia, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Portugal, Romania, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and United States). Using structural equation modeling, we found that self-stigma mediated the relationship between public stigma and attitudes toward seeking services among college students in each country and region. However, differences in path strengths emphasize the need to pay attention to the role of public and self-stigma on attitudes toward seeking psychological services throughout the world.
Publisher: University of Porto
Date: 30-06-2019
DOI: 10.24840/2184-0954_003.002_0005
Abstract: Organizational factors have long been suspected to have the greatest influence on in idual and group behavior in the workplace, although there is little research on their influence in mining workplaces. In addition, there is little research on the influence of organizational factors on residual risk management in the mining industry. Consequently, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is needed in order to explore and understand this gap. This paper is a protocol developed using guidance from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 to update a previous systematic review on a similar topic. The SLR protocol provides information related to the three sections (Administrative Information, Introduction and Methods) suggested by the PRISMA-P 2015. Eligibility criteria is ided into inclusion and exclusion criteria, which also provides the scope of the review. The search strategy will involve identifying studies published between 1980-2018 from the following electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, EMBASE, ASCE and CINAHL). Quality appraisal of studies will be achieved through a non-structured approach (for non-empirical studies) and a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for empirical studies. The review will be presented as a narrative synthesis due to the qualitative nature of the topic under review.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2019
Publisher: Academia.edu
Date: 16-07-2021
DOI: 10.20935/AL610
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 31-08-2020
Abstract: ental health and alcohol use problems are among the most common causes of disease burden in young Australians, frequently co-occur (comorbidity), and lead to significant lifetime burden. However, comorbidities remain significantly underdetected and undertreated in health settings. Digital mental health tools designed to identify at-risk in iduals, encourage help-seeking, or deliver treatment for comorbidity have the potential to address this service gap. However, despite a strong body of evidence that digital mental health programs provide an effective treatment option for a range of mental health and alcohol use problems in young adults, research shows that uptake rates can be low. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbidity. n this study, we seek to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbid alcohol and mood disorders. The aim is to determine the importance of personality (ie, Big Five personality traits and intervention attitudes), affective factors (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress levels), and baseline alcohol consumption in predicting intervention trial engagement at sign-up, satisfaction with the online tool, and quality of life at the end of the iTreAD (Internet Treatment for Alcohol and Depression) trial. ustralian adults (N=411) aged between 18 and 30 years who screened positive for depression and alcohol use problems signed up for the iTreAD project between August 2014 and October 2015. During registration, participants provided information about their personality, current affective state, alcohol use, treatment expectations, and basic demographic information. Subsequent follow-up surveys were used to gauge the ongoing trial engagement. The last follow-up questionnaire, completed at 64 weeks, assessed participants’ satisfaction with web-based treatment and quality-of-life outcomes. ultiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the relative influence of predictor variables on trial engagement, treatment satisfaction, and quality-of-life outcomes. The analyses revealed that the overall predictive effects of personality and affective factors were 20% or lower. Neuroticism constituted a unique predictor of engagement with the iTreAD study in that neuroticism facilitated the return of web-based self-assessments during the study. The return of incentivized follow-up assessments predicted treatment satisfaction, and state-based depression predicted variance in quality-of-life reports at study completion. ur findings suggest that traditional predictors of engagement observed in face-to-face research may not be easily transferable to digital health interventions, particularly those aimed at comorbid mental health concerns and alcohol misuse among young adults. More research is needed to identify what determines engagement in this population to optimally design and execute digital intervention studies with multiple treatment aims. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12614000310662 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=365137& isReview=true. R2-10.1186/s12889-015-2365-2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-12-2014
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1037/SAH0000119
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-02-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-11-0017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2019
Publisher: Academia.edu
Date: 16-07-2021
DOI: 10.20935/AL610
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-08-2020
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-05-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2022.797139
Abstract: Why do voters seek to change the political landscape or to retain it? System justification theory (SJT) proposes that a separate system motive to preserve the existing order drives support for the status-quo, and that this motivation operates independently from personal and collective interests. But how does this explanation apply to recent populist shifts in the political order such as Brexit and the emergence of Donald Trump? While the system motive may seem useful in understanding why the usual progressives (Remain/Clinton voters) may want to stick with an established order, it seems insufficient to explain why the more conservative voters (Brexit/Trump voters) would want to upend the establishment. Thus, we compared SJT’s system motive explanation for the system attitudes of voters on both sides of the political ide to an alternative explanation drawn from the newer social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA). According to SIMSA, the difficulty in explaining the system attitudes of Brexit/Trump and Remain/Clinton voters from SJT’s system motive standpoint can be resolved by focusing instead on the collective interests that both c s seek to satisfy with their votes. We examined these explanations in two studies conducted soon after Brexit ( N = 313) and Trump’s election ( N = 289) in 2016, with results providing more support for SIMSA than for SJT.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 05-2014
Abstract: This review provides a critical appraisal of the measurement of students’ social class and socioeconomic status (SES) in the context of widening higher education participation. Most assessments of social class and SES in higher education have focused on objective measurements based on the income, occupation, and education of students’ parents, and they have tended to overlook ersity among students based on factors such as age, ethnicity, indigeneity, and rurality. However, recent research in psychology and sociology has stressed the more subjective and intersectional nature of social class. The authors argue that it is important to consider subjective self-definitions of social class and SES alongside more traditional objective measures. The implications of this dual measurement approach for higher education research are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2011.614648
Abstract: Based on self-categorization theory, group status should be positively related to group prototypicality when the relevant superordinate category is positively valued. In this case, high-status groups should be perceived to be more prototypical than low-status groups even in the absence of concerns about maintaining a positive social identity. To test this hypothesis, a minimal group study was conducted in which participants (N = 139) did not belong to any of the groups involved. Consistent with predictions, participants perceived high-status groups to be significantly more prototypical than low-status groups. Consistent with self-categorization theory's cognitive analysis, these results demonstrate that the relation between group status and group prototypicality is a relatively basic and pervasive effect that does not depend on social identity motives.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 22-08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1037/DHE0000042
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-03-2022
Abstract: When reporting tests of significance, researchers might claim to have conducted a two-sided test when in fact they have conducted two one-sided tests. Mark Rubin explains the confusion and how to avoid it.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.1521/SOCO.2023.41.2.165
Abstract: This review considered experimental studies that used an intersectional framework in order to examine (1) how perceived relationship between the categories in a given intersection impacts the perception of its members and (2) how intersectional person perception has been studied through different cognitive processes. A systematic search in databases identified 5,393 records, and a screening processes resulted in 43 articles reporting 110 studies. The way intersectional targets were cognitively processed depended on contextual factors as well as on the perceived relationship between intersected identities (e.g., perceived [in-]congruence between identities). Less prototypical intersectional targets (e.g., Black gay men) sometimes experienced intersectional invisibility, facing both relative advantages (e.g., being less associated with certain negative stereotypes), and disadvantages (e.g., being overlooked, less recognized) compared to more prototypical members of their constituent ingroups (e.g., Black people, gay men). Future work should incorporate observed exceptions to these patterns and expand the cultural context of analysis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: BCS Learning & Development
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/A000171
Abstract: People tend to misclassify ambiguous in iduals as members of the out-group rather than the in-group. This in-group overexclusion effect (IO effect) is thought to occur because people are motivated to maintain their in-group’s positivity by protecting it from potential out-group intrusions. The present research tested this explanation by asking university students (N = 122) to complete a self-esteem scale and then recall the group memberships of in iduals who belonged to minimal groups. Consistent with predictions, participants misassigned significantly fewer in iduals to the in-group than to the out-group when the in-group was positive and the out-group was negative but not when these valences were reversed. In addition, self-esteem negatively predicted the IO effect. Alternative explanations of the IO effect are discussed.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-06-2017
DOI: 10.1002/JTS5.3
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12913
Abstract: Around a third of fly‐in fly‐out (FIFO) workers in Australia experience relatively high levels of psychological distress. Although a wide range of associated workplace stressors have been proposed in this context, it is unclear to what extent FIFO workers perceive these stressors as having an impact on their mental health. Identifying the issues that workers perceive as having the greatest impact on their mental health can guide the development of interventions in this area. Thus, this cross‐sectional study s led 742 FIFO workers from a large mine site in Australia to identify which workplace issues were perceived to have the greatest negative impact on their mental health. Of the 32 issues measured, we found that the top ranked issues related to a lack of control at work, lack of sleep, missing home, and poor physical health. These key issues also predicted poorer recent mental health. Based on these findings, several recommendations are put forward for future on‐site wellness promotion programs, including (a) providing workers with more control and autonomy in their work roles, (b) improving sleep hygiene, (c) facilitating regular communication with family and loved ones, and (d) introducing exercise programs and supporting a healthy diet. This type of proactive consultative approach to mental health issues at FIFO sites cannot only mitigate the increased risk of poor mental health but also foster a more cohesive workplace culture.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-11-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-02-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12577
Publisher: Qeios Ltd
Date: 13-08-2021
DOI: 10.32388/QIH0Q1
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2017
DOI: 10.3758/S13421-017-0718-Z
Abstract: Constant decision-making underpins much of daily life, from simple perceptual decisions about navigation through to more complex decisions about important life events. At many scales, a fundamental task of the decision-maker is to balance competing needs for caution and urgency: fast decisions can be more efficient, but also more often wrong. We show how a single mathematical framework for decision-making explains the urgency/caution balance across decision-making at two very different scales. This explanation has been applied at the level of neuronal circuits (on a time scale of hundreds of milliseconds) through to the level of stable personality traits (time scale of years).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12323
Abstract: The debate between the proponents of SIMSA and SJT does not pivot on whether system justification occurs - we all agree that system justification does occur. The issue is why it occurs? System justification theory (SJT Jost & Banaji, 1994, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1) assumes that system justification is motivated by a special system justification motive. In contrast, the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, , Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27, 2) argues that there is insufficient conclusive evidence for this special system motive, and that system justification can be explained in terms of social identity motives, including the motivation to accurately reflect social reality and the search for a positive social identity. Here, we respond to criticisms of SIMSA, including criticisms of its social reality, ingroup bias, and hope for future ingroup status explanations of system justification. We conclude that SJT theorists should decide whether system justification is oppositional to, or compatible with social identity motives, and that this dilemma could be resolved by relinquishing the theoretically problematic notion of a system justification motivation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2022
DOI: 10.1002/IJOP.12878
Abstract: The Independent‐Interdependent Problem‐Solving Scale is based on Cross et al.'s conceptualisation of relational‐interdependent self‐construal. The IIPSS provides a relatively context‐free measure of people's tendencies to solve problems independently or with the help of others. Because previous investigations have not provided extensive evidence for the reliability and validity of the IIPSS, the current research aimed to test the psychometric properties of this novel measure. Investigations of four student s les (combined N = 1157) and one s le comprised of academic researchers ( N = 198) generally supported the reliability and validity of the IIPSS. Exploratory factor analysis of IIPSS items yielded a single factor structure. However, confirmatory factor analyses did not demonstrate good model fit for the one factor solution and instead yielded good model fit for two underlying factors. The IIPSS showed adequate test–retest reliability and predicted positive associations with social personality traits. It also showed no significant associations with measures of demand characteristics and social desirability. Future research needs to be undertaken to further assess the factor structure and address shortcomings of the present research such as utilising objective data in addition to self‐reports to assess the scale's validity.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1037/A0026162
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-020-8050-3
Abstract: The results of a search for electroweakino pair production $$pp \\rightarrow \\tilde{\\chi }^\\pm _1 \\tilde{\\chi }^0_2$$ p p → χ ~ 1 ± χ ~ 2 0 in which the chargino ( $$\\tilde{\\chi }^\\pm _1$$ χ ~ 1 ± ) decays into a W boson and the lightest neutralino ( $$\\tilde{\\chi }^0_1$$ χ ~ 1 0 ), while the heavier neutralino ( $$\\tilde{\\chi }^0_2$$ χ ~ 2 0 ) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second $$\\tilde{\\chi }^0_1$$ χ ~ 1 0 are presented. The signal selection requires a pair of b -tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the W boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139 $$\\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 of $$\\sqrt{s}=13$$ s = 13 TeV pp collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of $$\\tilde{\\chi }^{\\pm }_{1}/\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{2}$$ χ ~ 1 ± / χ ~ 2 0 up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless $$\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}$$ χ ~ 1 0 .
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2019
DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.23802
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2014.938721
Abstract: The present research investigated in idual differences in in idualism and collectivism as predictors of people's reactions to cities. Psychology undergraduate students (N = 148) took virtual guided tours around historical cities. They then evaluated the cities' liveability and environmental quality and completed measures of in idualism and collectivism. Mediation analyses showed that people who scored high in self-responsibility (in idualism) rated the cities as more liveable because they perceived them to be richer and better resourced. In contrast, people who scored high in collectivism rated the cities as having a better environmental quality because they perceived them to (1) provide a greater potential for community and social life and (2) allow people to express themselves. These results indicate that people's evaluations of virtual cities are based on the degree to which certain aspects of the cities are perceived to be consistent with in idualist and collectivist values.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.51
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-01-2014
Abstract: The present research investigated the intergroup allocation behavior of members of low-status groups. In two studies where status relations were either relatively illegitimate (Study 1, N = 139) or legitimate (Study 2, N = 114), undergraduate students completed a minimal group resource allocation task that took into account the intergroup status hierarchy. In both studies, members of low-status groups showed two forms of in-group favoritism. They selected resource allocation choices that (a) compensated for their low status and led to intergroup fairness ( compensatory favoritism) and (b) competed with the out-group for status and led to positive distinctiveness for the in-group ( competitive favoritism). These results suggest that members of low-status groups use in-group favoritism to make their group (a) as good as the high-status out-group and (b) better than the high-status out-group. The findings support the idea that in-group favoritism can serve different functions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10964-016-0432-3
Abstract: Loneliness is a public health concern that increases the risk for several health, behavioral and academic problems among adolescents. Some studies have suggested that adolescents with an ethnic minority background have a higher risk for loneliness than adolescents from the majority population. The increasing numbers of migrant youth around the world mean growing numbers of heterogeneous school environments in many countries. Even though adolescents spend a substantial amount of time at school, there is currently very little non-U.S. research that has examined the importance of the ethnic composition of school classes for loneliness in adolescence. The present research aimed to address this gap by exploring the association between loneliness and three dimensions of the ethnic composition in the school class: (1) membership of ethnic majority in the school class, (2) the size of own ethnic group in the school class, and (3) the ethnic ersity of the school class. We used data from the Danish 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey: a nationally representative s le of 4383 (51.2 % girls) 11-15-year-olds. Multilevel logistic regression analyses revealed that adolescents who did not belong to the ethnic majority in the school class had increased odds for loneliness compared to adolescents that belonged to the ethnic majority. Furthermore, having more same-ethnic classmates lowered the odds for loneliness. We did not find any statistically significant association between the ethnic ersity of the school classes and loneliness. The study adds novel and important findings to how ethnicity in a school class context, as opposed to ethnicity per se, influences adolescents' loneliness.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2694
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-02-2018
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1037/A0022246
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2014
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2052
Publisher: JOTE Publishers
Date: 24-04-2023
DOI: 10.36850/MR4
Abstract: Questionable research practices may reduce the public’s trust in science. The present article considers some questionable metascience practices (QMPs) that may threaten scientists’ trust in metascience. A QMP is a research practice, assumption, or perspective that has been questioned by several commentators as being potentially problematic for the credibility of metascience and/or the science reform movement. The present article reviews 10 QMPs that relate to criticism, replication, bias, generalization, and the characterization of science. Specifically, the following QMPs are considered: (1) rejecting or ignoring self-criticism (2) a fast ‘n’ bropen scientific criticism style (3) overplaying the role of replication in science (4) assuming a replication rate is “too low” without specifying an “acceptable” rate (5) an unacknowledged metabias towards explaining the replication crisis in terms of researcher bias (6) assuming that researcher bias can be reduced (7) devaluing exploratory results as more “tentative” than confirmatory results (8) presuming that QRPs are problematic research practices (9) focusing on knowledge accumulation as an index of scientific progress and (10) focusing on specific scientific methods. It is stressed that only some metascientists engage in some QMPs some of the time, and that these QMPs may not always be problematic. Research is required to estimate the prevalence and impact of QMPs. In the meantime, QMPs should be viewed as invitations to ask “questions” about how we go about doing metascience rather than as grounds for mistrusting the credibility of metascience.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-06-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2007
Abstract: People tend to perceive ingroup homogeneity on ingroup stereotypical traits and outgroup homogeneity on outgroup stereotypical traits (e.g., Kelly, 1989 Simon, 1992a Simon & Pettigrew, 1990). If it is assumed that people use homogeneity ratings to indicate the extent to which groups possess traits, then this stereotype effect may be interpreted as an expression of perceived trait possession (i.e., ingroups possess ingroup stereotypical traits and outgroups possess outgroup stereotypical traits). If it is further assumed that research participants abide by the conversational norm of appropriate quantity (e.g., Bless, Strack, & Schwarz, 1993), then this stereotype effect should be significantly reduced following prior expressions of perceived trait possession. A literature review and two minimal group experiments (Ns = 75, 104) supported this prediction. This evidence is discussed in relation to the outgroup homogeneity effect and self-categorization theory.
Publisher: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Date: 06-04-2016
DOI: 10.3846/20297955.2016.1163244
Abstract: Utopian cities from social reform literature from the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries were a serious attempt to improve living and working conditions of their time. Some of this literature included a design for a city that would be complimentary to and enhance the political philosophy of the respective authors. Four of the most famous works which include a plan of a city are, Tommaso C anella’s Civitas Solis (City of the Sun) (1602), Johann Valentin Andreae’s Christianopolis (1619), Robert Owen’s Villages of Co-operation (1817 & 1830) and James Silk Buckingham’s Victoria (1849). These works are frequently featured in literature on utopian cities. However, no consideration is given to whether these ‘utopian’ cities have any value as urban plans or whether they incorporate any desirable urban features. These urban designs of the city are significant to political philosophies because the cities are presented as being integral to such philosophies. This paper considers the following questions: ‘Do the main principles behind the initial political philosophies and their coinciding plan endure within the design of these cities?’ ‘Does a modern audience perceive in these cities the features that made them utopian in the centuries in which they were planned?’
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2694
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2020
Abstract: A search for a chargino-neutralino pair decaying via the 125 GeV Higgs boson into photons is presented. The study is based on the data collected between 2015 and 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess over the expected background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level for a massless $$ {\\tilde{\\chi}}_1^0 $$ χ ˜ 1 0 are set on several electroweakino production cross-sections and the visible cross-section for beyond the Standard Model processes. In the context of simplified supersymmetric models, 95% confidence-level limits of up to 310 GeV in $$ m\\left({\\tilde{\\chi}}_1^{\\pm }/{\\tilde{\\chi}}_2^0\\right) $$ m χ ˜ 1 ± / χ ˜ 2 0 , where $$ m\\left({\\tilde{\\chi}}_1^0\\right) $$ m χ ˜ 1 0 = 0 . 5 GeV, are set. Limits at 95% confidence level are also set on the $$ {\\tilde{\\chi}}_1^{\\pm }{\\tilde{\\chi}}_2^0 $$ χ ˜ 1 ± χ ˜ 2 0 cross-section in the mass plane of $$ m\\left({\\tilde{\\chi}}_1^{\\pm }/{\\tilde{\\chi}}_2^0\\right) $$ m χ ˜ 1 ± / χ ˜ 2 0 and $$ m\\left({\\tilde{\\chi}}_1^0\\right) $$ m χ ˜ 1 0 , and on scenarios with gravitino as the lightest supersymmetric particle. Upper limits at the 95% confidence-level are set on the higgsino production cross-section. Higgsino masses below 380 GeV are excluded for the case of the higgsino fully decaying into a Higgs boson and a gravitino.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-05-2018
Abstract: Past research is limited by a focus on intimacy in positive intergroup contact. This study tested whether intergroup intimacy counteracts or lifies the detrimental effects of negative intergroup contact on outgroup attitudes. Participants from five Central European countries ( N = 1,276) described their intergroup contact with, and attitudes towards, citizens from neighboring nations. We coded the contact descriptions for presence (vs. absence) of intimacy (intimate, casual, or formal relationships) and contact valence (negative, positive, or ambivalent). The results indicated that those who reported negative contact in the context of intimate relationships displayed more positive outgroup attitudes than those who reported negative contact in the context of nonintimate relationships. This protective function of intimacy extended to instances of ambivalent contact. Our findings speak of the additive value of intimacy and positivity for intergroup relations they underscore the benefits of intimacy as part of not only positive but also negative intergroup contact.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-03-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-06-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-01-2020
Abstract: This study evaluated the dimensionality, invariance, and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) within and across Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and the United States ( N = 2,580) in college student s les. We used confirmatory factor analyses to compare the fit of four different factor structures of the DASS-21: a unidimensional model, a three-correlated-factors model, a higher order model, and a bifactor model. The bifactor model, with three specific factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) and one general factor (general distress), presented the best fit within each country. We also calculated ancillary bifactor indices of model-based dimensionality of the DASS-21 and model-based reliability to further examine the validity of the composite total and subscale scores and the use of unidimensional modeling. Results suggested the DASS-21 can be used as a unidimensional scale. Finally, measurement invariance of the best fitting model was tested across countries indicating configural invariance. The traditional three-correlated-factors model presented scalar invariance across Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. Overall, these analyses indicate that the DASS-21 would best be used as a general score of distress rather than three separate factors of depression, anxiety, and stress, in the countries studied.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2019
Publisher: Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)
Date: 27-11-2014
DOI: 10.5964/JSPP.V2I1.33
Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that, when negative metastereotypes are made salient, members of low status groups help members of high status groups in order to improve the reputation of their low status group and its associated social identity. The present research investigated three potential moderators of low status groups’ outgroup helping: ingroup identification, audience group membership, and perceived reputational benefit. In Study 1 (N = 112) we found that members of a low status group (Keele University students) were most likely to offer to help raise funds for a high status group (University of Birmingham students) when they were high identifiers who had considered a negative metastereotype and believed that their responses would be viewed by an outgroup member. In Study 2 (N = 100) we found a similar effect in an intergroup context that referred to psychology students (low status ingroup) and junior doctors (high status outgroup), showing that the effect was limited to people who perceived reputational benefit in helping the outgroup. The practical and social implications of these findings are discussed in relation to intergroup contact and international relations.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.2196/23986
Abstract: Mental health and alcohol use problems are among the most common causes of disease burden in young Australians, frequently co-occur (comorbidity), and lead to significant lifetime burden. However, comorbidities remain significantly underdetected and undertreated in health settings. Digital mental health tools designed to identify at-risk in iduals, encourage help-seeking, or deliver treatment for comorbidity have the potential to address this service gap. However, despite a strong body of evidence that digital mental health programs provide an effective treatment option for a range of mental health and alcohol use problems in young adults, research shows that uptake rates can be low. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbidity. In this study, we seek to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbid alcohol and mood disorders. The aim is to determine the importance of personality (ie, Big Five personality traits and intervention attitudes), affective factors (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress levels), and baseline alcohol consumption in predicting intervention trial engagement at sign-up, satisfaction with the online tool, and quality of life at the end of the iTreAD (Internet Treatment for Alcohol and Depression) trial. Australian adults (N=411) aged between 18 and 30 years who screened positive for depression and alcohol use problems signed up for the iTreAD project between August 2014 and October 2015. During registration, participants provided information about their personality, current affective state, alcohol use, treatment expectations, and basic demographic information. Subsequent follow-up surveys were used to gauge the ongoing trial engagement. The last follow-up questionnaire, completed at 64 weeks, assessed participants’ satisfaction with web-based treatment and quality-of-life outcomes. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the relative influence of predictor variables on trial engagement, treatment satisfaction, and quality-of-life outcomes. The analyses revealed that the overall predictive effects of personality and affective factors were 20% or lower. Neuroticism constituted a unique predictor of engagement with the iTreAD study in that neuroticism facilitated the return of web-based self-assessments during the study. The return of incentivized follow-up assessments predicted treatment satisfaction, and state-based depression predicted variance in quality-of-life reports at study completion. Our findings suggest that traditional predictors of engagement observed in face-to-face research may not be easily transferable to digital health interventions, particularly those aimed at comorbid mental health concerns and alcohol misuse among young adults. More research is needed to identify what determines engagement in this population to optimally design and execute digital intervention studies with multiple treatment aims. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12614000310662 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=365137& isReview=true. RR2-10.1186/s12889-015-2365-2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11162-022-09693-9
Abstract: Despite social class being a burgeoning area of research in the higher education literature, there is no single comprehensive measure of social class in university student populations. Most previous research has included objective single-item measures (e.g., parent education or occupation) to assess social class and then sorted students into distinct social class categories using these items. Such approaches do not adequately capture the complexity and nuance of class, and they ignore the subjective and social components involved. The present paper reports the development and validation of an 11-item Comprehensive Social Class Scale (CSCS) that uses a mix of objective and subjective items to assess multiple aspects of social class, including education level, occupational prestige, family affluence, social class identity and subjective social status. Across 12 s les ( N = 4926), we provide evidence for a single factor structure of the CSCS and demonstrate aspects of its reliability and validity. We conclude by discussing some limitations and suggestions for use of the CSCS in higher education populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-09-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2754
Abstract: Why do women support social and economic arrangements that disadvantage them? System justification theory (SJT) proposes that an autonomous system‐level motive is responsible for this tendency, beyond any group‐interested considerations (e.g., hope of future group advancement). The social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) disputes the existence of a unique system‐level motive and instead argues that hope of future group advancement can explain women's system‐justifying attitudes. Meta‐analyzed results from three experiments (Studies 1, N = 200 2, N = 200 & 3, N = 700 women) revealed, consistent with SIMSA's social identity‐based explanation, that strongly identified women supported socio‐economic systems that historically favor men over women, mostly when they were hopeful about future gender equity. Contrary to SJT's system motive explanation, we did not find consistent evidence across the studies represented in our meta‐analysis that women were more supportive of socio‐economic realities that undercuts their group's interests when group motives were nonsalient.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-08-2012
Abstract: Contact researchers have largely overlooked the potential for negative intergroup contact to increase prejudice. In Study 1, we tested the interaction between contact quantity and valence on prejudice toward Black Australians ( n = 1,476), Muslim Australians ( n = 173), and asylum seekers ( n = 293). In all cases, the association between contact quantity and prejudice was moderated by its valence, with negative contact emerging as a stronger and more consistent predictor than positive contact. In Study 2, White Americans ( n = 441) indicated how much positive and negative contact they had with Black Americans on separate measures. Although both quantity of positive and negative contact predicted racism and avoidance, negative contact was the stronger predictor. Furthermore, negative (but not positive) contact independently predicted suspicion about Barack Obama’s birthplace. These results extend the contact hypothesis by issuing an important caveat: Negative contact may be more strongly associated with increased racism and discrimination than positive contact is with its reduction.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JOSI.12205
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/SJOP.12388
Abstract: Owuamalam, Weerabangsa, Karunagharan and Rubin found that Malaysians associate people in low status groups with anger more than their higher status counterparts: the hunchback heuristic. But is this belief accurate? Here, we propose the alternative possibility that members of low-status groups might deliberately suppress anger to counter this stigma, while members of high-status groups might disinhibit their anger to assert their superiority. To test these propositions, we manipulated undergraduate students' relative group status by leading them to believe that provocative comments about their undergraduate social identity came from a professor (low-status condition) or a junior foundation year student (high-status condition). Using eye-tracking, we then measured their gaze durations on the comments, which we used as a physiological signal of anger: dwelling (Experiment 1). Results revealed that dwelling was significantly greater in the high-status condition than in the low-status condition. Experiment 2 conceptually replicated this pattern using a self-report method and found that the suppression-disinhibition effect occurred only when reputational concerns were strong.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-11-2010
Abstract: Drawing from the intergroup contact model and self-categorization theory, the authors advanced the novel hypothesis of a valence-salience effect, whereby negative contact causes higher category salience than positive contact. As predicted, in a laboratory experiment of interethnic contact, White Australians ( N = 49) made more frequent and earlier reference to ethnicity when describing their ethnic contact partner if she had displayed negative (vs. positive, neutral) nonverbal behavior. In a two-wave experimental study of retrieved intergenerational contact, American young adults ( N = 240) reported age to be more salient during negative (vs. positive) contact and negative contact predicted increased episodic and chronic category salience over time. Some evidence for the reverse salience-valence effect was also found. Because category salience facilitates contact generalization, these results suggest that intergroup contact is potentially biased toward worsening intergroup relations further implications for theory and policy making are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12911
Abstract: The World Health Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS‐2.0) has widely been accepted as the standard measure of disability. However, psychometric testing is mostly performed in developed countries. This paper aims to assess the psychometric properties (reliability, validity) of the WHODAS‐2.0 among consumers of mental health services in Ghana. Two translators (expert in English language and Akan language) performed forward and backward translation of the WHODAS‐2.0 from English language to Ghanaian language (Twi). A total of 510 consumers of mental health services were recruited consecutively to complete the WHODAS‐2.0 using RedCAP. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyse the data. All domains in the 6‐factor solutions had excellent internal consistency (ω = 0.90–0.98), sufficient convergent validity and had satisfactory discriminant validity except for domain on participation. The CFA model confirmed that the data had a good model fit, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMESA = 0.05, RMR = 0.03 NFI = 0.94 χ 2 = 1243.8, df = 529, P 0.001. Although the WHODAS 2.0 had satisfactory psychometric properties and was thus considered to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing disability and level of functioning in consumers of mental health services, researchers and clinicians should re‐consider items within the participation domain. Also, practitioners are encouraged to integrate the WHODAS‐2.0 into the collection of data on clinical outcomes, as well as, collecting data on government social protection intervention programmes for consumers.
Publisher: University of Porto
Date: 15-11-2019
DOI: 10.24840/2184-0954_003.003_0006
Abstract: Organizational factors are considered part of the broader human factors domain and have long been suspected to have a significant influence on in idual and group behavior in the workplace, although there is little research on their influence in mining workplaces. This paper provides an update of a systematic literature review (SLR), reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The PRISMA Statement 2009. The SLR examined the relationship between organizational factors and residual risk management in the context of accident causation in mining. Six electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2018. Following eligibility criteria, 28 studies were selected for quality assessment and reviewed. The results of the SLR included the identification of several organizational factors that are common in the mining industry, as well as the existence of a conceptual relationship between organizational factors, residual risk management and accident causation. In particular, the review found that about two-thirds of the eligible articles acknowledged a linkage between organizational factors and accident causation. The SLR also identified several research gaps associated with the lack of empirical research around the relationship between organizational factors, residual risk and accident causation. More importantly, the review found no empirical studies that utilized the term residual risk thus implying a gap and inconsistency in risk taxonomy in the mining industry. In light of these gaps, further research is recommended to examine the nature and extent of the influence of organizational factors on residual risk management, with particular focus on examining the influence of organizational factors on the functioning and effectiveness of risk controls. It is envisaged that by improving the efficacy of risk controls, mining companies can ultimately improve their safety performance and make it more sustainable.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-01-2015
DOI: 10.1017/JMO.2014.76
Abstract: Drawing from fields such as marketing psychology, strategy, social psychology, and organizational behavior, the present examination explores the in idual and organizational bases for personal reputation specifically, how different bases interact with one another to produce an in idual’s reputation within organizations. It is proposed that in iduals use personal reputations to satisfy their need for positive self-esteem as well as to secure their sense of belonging in organizations. Furthermore, reputation allows in iduals to obtain rewards such as autonomy, power, and career success and the opportunity to signal key information to audiences. Likewise, organizations utilize personal reputations to predict their members’ behaviors, market those who are a part of the organization to others, build their own corporate reputations, and signal information to consumers and competitors. To further this understanding of personal reputation an examination is presented as to how organizations serve as an essential context within which in iduals realize their personal reputations and regulate their behavior.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2754
Abstract: Why do women support social and economic arrangements that disadvantage them? System justification theory (SJT) proposes that an autonomous system‐level motive is responsible for this tendency, beyond any group‐interested considerations (e.g., hope of future group advancement). The social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) disputes the existence of a unique system‐level motive and instead argues that hope of future group advancement can explain women's system‐justifying attitudes. Meta‐analyzed results from three experiments (Studies 1, N = 200 2, N = 200 & 3, N = 700 women) revealed, consistent with SIMSA's social identity‐based explanation, that strongly identified women supported socio‐economic systems that historically favor men over women, mostly when they were hopeful about future gender equity. Contrary to SJT's system motive explanation, we did not find consistent evidence across the studies represented in our meta‐analysis that women were more supportive of socio‐economic realities that undercuts their group's interests when group motives were nonsalient.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1327405
Abstract: The present research investigated different types of social class identification as moderators of the negative relation between social class and mental health problems. Psychology undergraduates (N = 355) completed an online survey that included measures of social class, mental health and well-being, and three aspects of social class identification: importance of identity, salience of identity, and perceived self-class similarity. Perceived self-class similarity buffered the negative association between social class and depressive symptoms. However, importance and salience of social class identity lified the associations between social class and anxiety and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of the way in which social identification may operate as a social cure.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12444
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12448
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2012
Abstract: Researchers studying people’s perceptions of variability among members of social groups, or perceived group variability, have tended to focus on the ways in which perceivers’ group affiliations lead to in-group and out-group homogeneity effects, including the other-race effect. However, recent advances have highlighted the role of additional influences. In this review, we consider the influence of (a) the perceiver’s group affiliation, (b) the group’s objective variability, (c) the group’s social position, and (d) the group’s central tendency on trait dimensions. We focus on recent research in these areas that has highlighted the strategic, context-dependent, and symbolic nature of perceived group variability. We conclude that future research needs to adopt a multicausal approach in order to provide a more complete and comprehensive account of perceived group variability.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1341375
Abstract: Terror management theory (TMT) proposes that thoughts of death trigger a concern about self-annihilation that motivates the defense of cultural worldviews. In contrast, uncertainty theorists propose that thoughts of death trigger feelings of uncertainty that motivate worldview defense. University students (N = 414) completed measures of the chronic fear of self-annihilation and existential uncertainty as well as the need for closure. They then evaluated either a meaning threat stimulus or a control stimulus. Consistent with TMT, participants with a high fear of self-annihilation and a high need for closure showed the greatest dislike of the meaning threat stimulus, even after controlling for their existential uncertainty. Contrary to the uncertainty perspective, fear of existential uncertainty showed no significant effects.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12441
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-01-2020
Abstract: This study evaluated the dimensionality, invariance, and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) within and across Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and the United States ( N = 2,580) in college student s les. We used confirmatory factor analyses to compare the fit of four different factor structures of the DASS-21: a unidimensional model, a three-correlated-factors model, a higher order model, and a bifactor model. The bifactor model, with three specific factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) and one general factor (general distress), presented the best fit within each country. We also calculated ancillary bifactor indices of model-based dimensionality of the DASS-21 and model-based reliability to further examine the validity of the composite total and subscale scores and the use of unidimensional modeling. Results suggested the DASS-21 can be used as a unidimensional scale. Finally, measurement invariance of the best fitting model was tested across countries indicating configural invariance. The traditional three-correlated-factors model presented scalar invariance across Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. Overall, these analyses indicate that the DASS-21 would best be used as a general score of distress rather than three separate factors of depression, anxiety, and stress, in the countries studied.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12911
Abstract: The World Health Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS‐2.0) has widely been accepted as the standard measure of disability. However, psychometric testing is mostly performed in developed countries. This paper aims to assess the psychometric properties (reliability, validity) of the WHODAS‐2.0 among consumers of mental health services in Ghana. Two translators (expert in English language and Akan language) performed forward and backward translation of the WHODAS‐2.0 from English language to Ghanaian language (Twi). A total of 510 consumers of mental health services were recruited consecutively to complete the WHODAS‐2.0 using RedCAP. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyse the data. All domains in the 6‐factor solutions had excellent internal consistency (ω = 0.90–0.98), sufficient convergent validity and had satisfactory discriminant validity except for domain on participation. The CFA model confirmed that the data had a good model fit, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMESA = 0.05, RMR = 0.03 NFI = 0.94 χ 2 = 1243.8, df = 529, P 0.001. Although the WHODAS 2.0 had satisfactory psychometric properties and was thus considered to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing disability and level of functioning in consumers of mental health services, researchers and clinicians should re‐consider items within the participation domain. Also, practitioners are encouraged to integrate the WHODAS‐2.0 into the collection of data on clinical outcomes, as well as, collecting data on government social protection intervention programmes for consumers.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/SPC3.12419
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-01-2015
Abstract: We examine predictors of outgroup partner “fit” (the extent to which an in idual is seen as representative of a group), and whether fit determines generalization from a discrete intergroup communication experience to intentions for future contact with the outgroup. In an experiment, 288 undergraduate students imagined a conversation with an older target who was presented either positively or negatively. The positively valenced older adult was seen as being more representative of older people in general (high fit), and this link was stronger for those with more past positive and fewer past negative communication experiences. Fit moderated the effects of imagined interaction valence on intentions for future intergroup contact. A positive older partner perceived as fitting the category “older people” resulted in greater intention to communicate with older people in the future than a negative partner in iduals who saw their partner as atypical showed the reverse pattern—they were less likely to report intentions for future intergenerational contact after a positive than a negative manipulated interaction. The findings demonstrate that negative intergroup communication can, at times, have positive effects, and positive contact can have negative effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-08-2022
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2020
Funder: Department of Higher Education
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2022
End Date: 2024
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2022
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2007
Funder: Office for Learning and Teaching
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 2010
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 2007
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2019
Funder: Australian Coal Association Research Program
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2005
End Date: 06-2010
Amount: $110,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 05-2021
End Date: 04-2025
Amount: $488,698.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 05-2022
End Date: 05-2025
Amount: $532,275.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2007
End Date: 02-2015
Amount: $252,004.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity