ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6717-8995
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) | Fisheries Sciences | Conservation and Biodiversity | Fisheries Management
Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Protected Conservation Areas in Marine Environments | Wild Caught Fin Fish (excl. Tuna) |
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-04-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-12-2009
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 23-12-2009
Abstract: Studying hybridization is crucial to understanding speciation and almost all our knowledge comes from terrestrial and freshwater environments. Marine hybrids are considered rare, particularly on species-rich coral reefs. Here, we report a significant marine hybrid zone at Christmas and Cocos Islands (eastern Indian Ocean) with 11 hybrid coral reef fishes (across six families) the most recorded hybrids of any marine location. In most cases, at least one of the parent species is rare (less than three in iduals per 3000 m 2 ), suggesting that hybridization has occurred because in iduals of the rare species have mated with another species owing to a scarcity of conspecific partners. These islands also represent a marine suture zone where many of the hybrids have arisen through interbreeding between Indian and Pacific Ocean species. For these species, it appears that past climate changes allowed species to erge in allopatry, while recent conditions have facilitated contact and subsequent hybridization at this Indo-Pacific biogeographic border. The discovery of the Christmas–Cocos hybrid zone refutes the notion that hybridization is lacking on coral reefs and provides a natural laboratory for testing the generality of terrestrially derived hybridization theory in the marine environment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2011.11.007
Abstract: We examined how peripherally isolated endemic species may have contributed to the bio ersity of the Indo-Australian Archipelago bio ersity hotspot by reconstructing the evolutionary history of the wrasse genus An ses. We identified three alternate models of ersification: the vicariance-based 'successive ision' model, and the dispersal-based 'successive colonisation' and 'peripheral budding' models. The genus was well suited for this study given its relatively high proportion (42%) of endemic species, its reasonably low ersity (12 species), which permitted complete taxon s ling, and its widespread tropical Indo-Pacific distribution. Monophyly of the genus was strongly supported by three phylogenetic analyses: maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference based on mitochondrial CO1 and 12S rRNA and nuclear S7 sequences. Estimates of species ergence times from fossil-calibrated Bayesian inference suggest that An ses arose in the mid-Eocene and subsequently ersified throughout the Miocene. Evolutionary relationships within the genus, combined with limited spatial and temporal concordance among endemics, offer support for all three alternate models of ersification. Our findings emphasise the importance of peripherally isolated locations in creating and maintaining endemic species and their contribution to the bio ersity of the Indo-Australian Archipelago.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12356
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2003
DOI: 10.1002/JEZ.B.8
Abstract: Particular sequence motifs can act as transcription regulators. Because the total regulatory effects of such motifs can be related to their abundance, their presence might be expected at locations within the genome where sequences are repeated. Multiple repeats that vary in number among in iduals occur within the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) in some species in three trematode genera: Paragonimus, Schistosoma and Dolichosaccus. In all of these genera we found in ITS1, sequences identical to known enhancer motifs. We also searched for, and identified, known regulatory motifs in published ITS1 sequences of other parasitic flatworms including Echinostoma spp. (Trematoda) and Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda) which lack multiple repeats in ITS1. We present three lines of evidence that this widespread occurrence of such motifs within the ITS1 of parasitic flatworms may indicate a functional role in regulating tissue- or stage-specific transcription of ribosomal genes. First, these motifs are identical to ones whose functional roles have been established using in vitro assays of transcriptional rates. Second, in all 18 species investigated here, between one and three different regulatory motifs were identified. In 14 of these 18 species, the probability that at least one of these motifs occurred because of the random assortment of bases within the regions investigated was 10% or less. In 12 of these 14 species, the probability was 5% or less. Third, the evolutionary ergence of flatworm species investigated is quite ancient. Therefore, the interspecific distribution of motifs observed here, in a rapidly evolving region such as ITS1, is unlikely to be attributable solely to shared evolutionary histories. These results, therefore, suggest a broader functional role for the ITS1 than previously thought.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00072-7
Abstract: Paragonimus westermani is a medically important foodborne trematode occurring throughout southeast Asia. We have used molecular techniques to test the hypothesis that the parthenogenetic triploid form of P. westermani has arisen only once. Sources of data for comparison were: (a) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and (b) 'fingerprint' patterns observed when genomic digests were probed with simple sequence repeats (ATT)10 and (ATGT)7. In all cases there were distinct differences among triploid isolates from southwest Japan, northeast China and Korea. These findings are considered in the context of previous cytogenetic, allozyme, mitochondrial-RFLP and partial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence studies and indicate that triploid lineages may have arisen independently on more than one occasion. We favour this view. An alternative explanation is that the triploids did have a single origin, but that different clonal lineages have undergone subsequent mutations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02827-7
Abstract: Current immune treatment directed to avoid viral replication relies mainly in convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). No clinical benefit for convalescent plasma has been reported in a meta-analysis and systematic review compared to standard of care. MAbs are recombinant proteins capable to bind with SARS-CoV-2 preventing its entrance into cells. Several mAbs have shown reduction in viral load and/or progression of the disease such as casirivimab-imdevimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab and sotrovimab. After the apparition of Omicron variant, it has been reported that sotrovimab retained its activity whereas the other two combinations exhibited loss of neutralizing activity. Several aspects as the target population, timing and doses, serological patient status and evolution of variants still require attention, monitorization and further studies for knowledge gaps.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2000
Abstract: The task of using partial ND1 sequences to infer a phylogeny for species of the genus Paragonimus (Trematoda: Digenea) was complicated by the discovery of at least two ND1 lineages within in idual worms. The ergence of the ND1 lineages is shown by phylogenetic analysis not only to predate the ergence of the three Paragonimus species or species groups investigated but also the ergence of some trematode families. Some sequences are clearly pseudogenes as they contain single base deletions and/or premature termination codons. The presence of both pseudogenes and/or mitochondrial heteroplasmy are invoked to explain the presence of multiple and ergent ND1 lineages in these trematodes, which have two distinct cytochemical types of mitochondria. The implications for phylogenetic studies generally and of parasitic helminths specifically, using ND1 sequence data, are discussed. The ability of these organisms to adapt their metabolic processes to the variable availability of oxygen as an electron acceptor are proposed to explain some of the molecular ersity observed in parasitic helminths and possibly also in other anaerobically adapted eukaryotes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1995
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91863-9
Abstract: Asthma is a manifestation of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) and forms part of the spectrum of atopic disease. Some pedigree studies of atopy have suggested linkage with the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI beta) gene on chromosome 11q13, but others find no linkage. The molecular genetics of asthma and BHR have not been studied in the general population. We examined the genetic linkage of the Fc epsilon RI beta gene with clinical asthma and the underlying phenotypes of BHR (to methacholine) and atopy (defined by skinprick testing) in 123 affected sibling-pairs recruited from the general population. We found evidence of significant linkage of a highly polymorphic microsatellite marker in the fifth intron of the Fc epsilon RI beta gene to a diagnosis of asthma (18.0% excess of shared alleles, p = 0.002) and to BHR (21.7% excess of shared alleles, p = 0.001). Significant linkage was also observed in siblings sharing BHR when those with atopy were excluded (32.8% excess of shared alleles, p = 0.004). Atopy in the absence of BHR did not show significant linkage to the Fc epsilon RI beta gene (7.2% excess of shared alleles, p = 0.124). These findings suggest that mutations in the Fc epsilon RI beta gene or a closely linked gene influence the BHR underlying asthma, even in the absence of atopy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.6769
Abstract: Hybridization and introgression are evolutionarily significant phenomena breaking down species boundaries. “Hybrid zones” (regions of species overlap and hybridization) enable quantification of hybridization frequency and examination of mechanisms driving and maintaining gene flow. The hybrid anemonefish Amphiprion leucokranos is found where parent species ( A. chrysopterus A. sandaracinos ) distributions overlap. Here, we examine geographic variation in hybridization and introgression, and potential impacts on parent species integrity through assessing relative abundance, social group composition, and genetic structure (mtDNA cytochrome b , 21 microsatellite loci) of taxa at three hybrid zone locations: Kimbe Bay (KB) and Kavieng (KA), Papua New Guinea the Solomon Islands (SO). Relative abundances of and size disparities between parent species apparently drive hybridization frequency, introgression patterns, and genetic composition of taxa. Conspecific groups are most common in KB (65%) where parent species are similarly abundant. Conversely, mixed species groups dominate SO (82%), where A. chrysopterus is more abundant. Hybrids most commonly cohabit with A. sandaracinos in KB (17%), but with A. chrysopterus in KA (22%) and SO (50%). Genetic differentiation (nDNA) analyses indicate that parent species remain distinct, despite ongoing hybridization and hybrids are genetically similar to A. sandaracinos— resulting from persistent backcrossing with this smallest species. This study shows that hybridization outcomes may depend on the social and ecological context in which taxa hybridize, where relative abundance and disparate size of parent species explain the frequency and patterns of hybridization and introgression in the A. leucokranos hybrid zone, reflecting size‐based dominance behaviors of anemonefish social groups.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1111/JEB.12557
Abstract: Hybridization is an important evolutionary process, with ecological and behavioural factors influencing gene exchange between hybrids and parent species. Patterns of hybridization in anemonefishes may result from living in highly specialized habitats and breeding status regulated by size-based hierarchal social groups. Here, morphological, ecological and genetic analyses in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, examine the hybrid status of Amphiprion leucokranos, a nominal species and presumed hybrid between Amphiprion sandaracinos and Amphiprion chrysopterus. We test the hypothesis that habitat use and relative size differences of the parent species and hybrids determine the patterns of gene exchange. There is strong evidence that A. leucokranos is a hybrid of smaller A. sandaracinos and larger A. chrysopterus, where A. chrysopterus is exclusively the mother to each hybrid, based on mtDNA cytochrome b and multiple nDNA microsatellite loci. Overlap in habitat, depth and host anemone use was found, with hybrids intermediate to parents and cohabitation in over 25% of anemones s led. Hybrids, intermediate in body size, colour and pattern, were classified 55% of the time as morphologically first-generation hybrids relative to parents, whereas 45% of hybrids were more A. sandaracinos-like, suggesting backcrossing. Unidirectional introgression of A. chrysopterus mtDNA into A. sandaracinos via hybrid backcrosses was found, with larger female hybrids and small male A. sandaracinos mating. Potential nDNA introgression was also evident through distinct intermediate hybrid genotypes penetrating both parent species. Findings support the hypothesis that anemonefish hierarchical behaviour, habitat use and species-specific size differences determine how hybrids form and the evolutionary consequences of hybridization.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-1992
DOI: 10.1136/JMG.29.9.635
Abstract: Acrocallosal syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of polysyndactyly associated with mental retardation and agenesis of the corpus callosum. There have been suggestions that it is allelic to the Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. Linkage analysis, using flanking markers, shows this suggestion is unlikely to be correct.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2012.04.008
Abstract: Marine reserves, areas closed to all forms of fishing, continue to be advocated and implemented to supplement fisheries and conserve populations. However, although the reproductive potential of important fishery species can dramatically increase inside reserves, the extent to which larval offspring are exported and the relative contribution of reserves to recruitment in fished and protected populations are unknown. Using genetic parentage analyses, we resolve patterns of larval dispersal for two species of exploited coral reef fish within a network of marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef. In a 1,000 km(2) study area, populations resident in three reserves exported 83% (coral trout, Plectropomus maculatus) and 55% (stripey snapper, Lutjanus carponotatus) of assigned offspring to fished reefs, with the remainder having recruited to natal reserves or other reserves in the region. We estimate that reserves, which account for just 28% of the local reef area, produced approximately half of all juvenile recruitment to both reserve and fished reefs within 30 km. Our results provide compelling evidence that adequately protected reserve networks can make a significant contribution to the replenishment of populations on both reserve and fished reefs at a scale that benefits local stakeholders.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2006.02.012
Abstract: Hybrids in coral reef fishes have traditionally been described based on external features using meristic characters and colouration to identify putative parental contributors. This study utilised molecular genetic techniques to verify hybrid status and identify putative parental species for five hybrid specimens (Labridae: Thalassoma) collected from Holmes Reef in the Coral Sea. Phylogenetic analyses support hybrid origins of the specimens. Mitochondrial COI gene, nuclear S7 (intron 1) and nuclear copy of mitochondrial (NUMT) D-loop region corroborate the identity of T. quinquevittatum as the maternal and T. jansenii as the paternal contributor. Backcrossing to parental species by hybrids and bi-directional gene exchange between the Holmes Reef populations of T. jansenii and T. quinquevittatum was detected, suggesting that hybrids are fertile and able to reproduce successfully. F(1) hybrids display a mixture of the colouration attributes of the two parental species, but subsequent backcrossed in iduals were unrecognisable as hybrids and displayed colouration of either parental species. A large numerical imbalance exists between the putative parental species at Holmes Reef, with T. quinquevittatum outnumbering T. jansenii by approximately 25:1. In this case study, hybridization appears to be driven by ecological rather than evolutionary factors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2013
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.584
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-05-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12124
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2005.08.001
Abstract: Temporal origins of reef fishes in the Indo-Australian Archipelago were examined using wrasses in the genus Macropharyngodon. The genus was selected as it is morphologically and ecologically distinct, with strongly reef-associated species exhibiting discrete distributions across the Indo-Pacific. Phylogenetic relationships were explored using COI, 16S, and 12S rRNA mitochondrial sequences. Monophyly of the genus was supported by congruent Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony trees. Estimates of lineage ages based on fossil-calibrated reef fish ergences suggest that Macropharyngodon had an extensive evolutionary history starting in the early Miocene. Repeated ergences of Indian Ocean-Pacific Ocean lineages appear to have occurred over at least 19 million years. Regional endemics represent both old and young clades. Our estimates of early Miocene origins, and mid-Miocene to Pliocene ersifications of Macropharyngodon are supported by recent studies of other reef fish genera, and emphasise the importance of pre-Pleistocene events in generating Indo-Pacific coral reef fish bio ersity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARGEN.2009.11.001
Abstract: Lactate dehydrogenase-B (ldh-b) encodes a metabolic enzyme (LDH-B) which plays an important role in maintaining aerobic performance and in thermal acclimation and/or adaptation of fish. As the first step in understanding the effect this enzyme has on the ability of tropical coral reef fishes to cope with thermal stress, we characterized both coding and non-coding regions of ldh-b in two congeneric perciformes, Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus laevis. Ldh-b was 4666 and 4539bp in length in P. leopardus and P. laevis, respectively, with coding regions comprising 1005bp in both species. We report a high level of sequence homology between the coding regions of ldh-b in these two species, with 98.1% identity of nucleotides corresponding to 100% amino acid identity between the deduced protein sequences. Comparison between non-coding (intron) regions of both species revealed the presence of several indels, despite the high level of homology observed (95.9% identity of intron nucleotides). Potential regulatory motifs and elements, including twenty-six simple sequence repeat motifs (mono-, di-, tri- and tetranucleotide) and twenty-three putative microRNA elements are identified within the introns of both species, further supporting recent demonstrations that such short motifs and elements exhibit widespread positioning throughout non-coding regions of the genome. This novel characterization of ldh-b in these two coral reef fishes allows for a wide range of future studies (e.g. analytical comparisons of ldh-b and LDH-B among different fish genera from different thermal environments and habitats).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 08-03-2012
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS09557
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2005
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-11-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-12-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1998
DOI: 10.1017/S003118209800242X
Abstract: The first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat was sequenced for members of the Schistosoma japonicum species complex ( S. malayensis , S. mekongi and 2 geographical isolates of S. japonicum ). The ITS1 is composed of 3 distinct regions: the 5′ end (23 nucleotides) a tract of approximately 90–140 nucleotides, which occurs up to 7 times in tandem, the number varying even within an in idual in all species investigated in this study the 3′ region (378 nucleotides), which lacks repeats. There is size and sequence variation among copies of the ITS1 repeat within a single in idual. The relative abundances of size variants of ITS1 in S. japonicum have been ascertained by hybridizing genomic digests with an ITS1 probe. Multiple repeats and intra-in idual variation in numbers and abundance of these is a feature of the Asian schistosomes, but not generally of African schistosomes. Possible reasons for this difference in ITS1 between African and Asian schistosomes are discussed. The ITS1 repeat sequences described for African schistosomes are different to, and cannot be aligned with, those from the Asian species described here, whereas the remainder of the ITS1 can be aligned quite easily.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2012
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.251
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2009.05.015
Abstract: We estimated ages of ergence between major labrid tribes and the timing of the evolution of trophic novelty. Sequence data for 101 labrid taxa and 14 outgroups consisting of two mitochondrial gene regions (12s, 16s), and two nuclear protein-coding genes (RAG2, TMO4c4), a combined 2567 bp of sequence, were examined using novel maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and mixed model Bayesian inference methods. These analyses yielded well supported trees consistent with published phylogenies. Bayesian inference using five fossil calibration points estimated the minimum ages of lineages. With origins in the late Cretaceous to early tertiary, the family ersified quickly with both major lineages (hypsigenyine and julidine) present at approximately 62.7 Ma, shortly after the K/T boundary. All lineages leading to major tribes were in place by the beginning of the Miocene (23 Ma) with most ersification in extant lineages occurring within the Miocene. Optimisation of trophic information onto the chronogram revealed multiple origins of novel feeding modes with two distinct periods of innovation. The Palaeocene/Eocene saw the origins of feeding modes that are well represented in other families: gastropod feeders, piscivores and browsing herbivores. A wave of innovation in the Oligocene/Miocene resulted in specialized feeding modes, rarely seen in other groups: coral feeding, foraminifera feeding and fish cleaning. There is little evidence of a general relationship between trophic specialization and species ersity. The current trophic ersity of the Labridae is a result of the accumulation of feeding modes dating back to the K/T boundary at 65 Ma, with all major feeding modes on present day reefs already in place 7.5 million years ago.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1136/THX.52.9.816
Abstract: Clinical asthma is associated with increased serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), atopy (skin prick test positivity to common aeroallergens), and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) to non-specific stimuli (positive methacholine challenge test). A region on chromosome 5q31-33 has been linked with increased total serum IgE and BHR. A study of the genetic linkage of this region with clinical asthma and atopy was therefore undertaken. A polymorphic microsatellite marker in chromosome 5q31 (D5S399) was studied in 119 sibling pairs recruited from the general population who shared asthma, atopy, and/or BHR. Based on our population distribution of 13 different alleles, it was expected that by chance alone sibling pairs would share on average 1.24 alleles and that a significant excess would indicate genetic linkage. No evidence of linkage was found in 45 siblings concordant for asthma (shared alleles = 1.09, p = 0.95), in 103 sibling pairs with atopy (shared alleles = 1.18, p = 0.82), in 51 sibling pairs with BHR (shared alleles = 1.22, p = 0.62), or in 68 sibling pairs who shared atopy in the absence of BHR (shared alleles = 1.22, p = 0.61). A slight non-significant excess of shared alleles (1.44, p = 0.11) was observed in siblings who shared BHR without atopy. No evidence of genetic linkage of chromosome 5q31 with either clinical asthma or atopy was therefore detected in the population studied. Linkage between chromosome 5q and BHR needs further investigation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
Abstract: There are two key clinical features of asthma: allergy and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). Some pedigree studies of atopy have indicated linkage with the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI-beta) gene on chromosome 11q13, but others failed to confirm this linkage. We examined the genetic linkage of three polymorphic microsatellite markers to atopy and BHR in 120 affected sibling pairs recruited from the general community. We found no linkage to atopy at any of the three 11q13 loci studied. Our findings also do not favour linkage between BHR and loci approximately 8-9 cM either side of the Fc epsilon RI-beta gene.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-11-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 07-2010
DOI: 10.1139/F10-047
Abstract: We investigated how thermal stress may alter the locomotor phenotype of barramundi, Lates calcarifer , from genetically distinct northern (low latitude) and southern (high latitude) populations in tropical Australia. Following early growth and development under native (25 °C and 30 °C) and non-native (20 °C and 35 °C) temperatures, we observed distinct differences in the swimming performance of northern and southern in iduals that were consistent with expectations based on local thermal adaptation. Southern population fish exhibited significantly faster swimming speeds (32.10 ± 0.33 cm·s –1 , mass-adjusted mean ± 95% confidence limit) than their northern counterparts (28.58 ± 0.64 cm·s –1 ) under cold-stress (20 °C) conditions. Conversely, northern population fish performed significantly better (51.63 ± 2.1 cm·s –1 ) than their southern counterparts (44.18 ± 3.11 cm·s –1 ) under heat-stress (35 °C) conditions. We conclude that L. calcarifer display locomotor phenotypes thermally adapted to their local environment, with early growth under non-native temperatures leading to significantly reduced phenotypic fitness.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-11-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2004
Publisher: Bulletin of Marine Science
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1999
Abstract: We investigated the utility of the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) for phylogenetic studies on trematodes of the genus Paragonimus. Numerous clones containing ITS1 PCR products were sequenced for P. miyazakii, P. macrorchis, and members of the P. ohirai and P. westermani species complexes. Some additional data were obtained by direct sequencing of PCR products. The ITS1 is composed of three distinct regions: the short 5' end, followed by a tract of approximately 120 nucleotides which occurs a variable number of times in tandem, and the 3' region, which lacks repeats and is referred to as the "post-repeat" fragment. Sequences from all three regions can be aligned among the species studied. Our initial hypothesis, that the post-repeat region would be valuable for phylogenetic studies within the P. westermani complex, was proved wrong. Intrain idual sequence variation in P. westermani was sometimes greater than between in iduals of the species complex. In the P. ohirai species complex, however, sequence variation within in iduals was minimal. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed. We also wished to determine whether the length variants sequenced were the dominant variants present in Paragonimus species. This was done by probing Southern blots of genomic digests with an ITS1 fragment which lacks repeat sequences. There is generally greater abundance of large variants, with much lower abundance of small variants, such as those sequenced. Differences in ITS1 lengths are attributed largely to differing numbers of repeats, though some exceptions (which are discussed) were found.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00002-3
Abstract: This study investigated sequence heterogeneity in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA within and among species and strains of Echinococcus. Different ITS-1 sequence variants exist in Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis, which represent at least four evolutionary lineages: (1) a sheep strain-lineage of E. granulosus, (2) a sister lineage of a cervid and camel E. granulosus ITS-1 variants, (3) a lineage including the ITS-1 variants representing horse, bovine and camel strains of E. granulosus, as well as variants from E. multilocularis, Echinococcus oligarthrus and Echinococcus vogeli and (4) a distinct lineage of ITS-1 variants including E. granulosus strains from sheep and cervid, and E. multilocularis. At least two of the species (E. granulosus and E. multilocularis) were paraphyletic for ITS-1. Divergent ITS-1 variants from these two species shared distinct evolutionary lineages. The sequence data provided evidence that at least two turnover mechanisms, namely slippage and unequal crossing over/transposition, have led to the ergence and maintenance of sequence variants in Echinococcus species and strains.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2003
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-1992
Abstract: Craniosynostosis or premature closure of the cranial sutures is a common abnormality occurring in about 1 in 2500 children. There is evidence of mendelian inheritance in some 20% of cases. Published reports of patients with structural alterations of the short arm of chromosome 7 have suggested that two or more genes for craniosynostosis may be situated in this region. The Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly type III) is one of the most common autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndromes. Results of molecular genetic linkage studies provide evidence for localisation of the gene responsible to distal chromosome 7p.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2017.03.029
Abstract: Large amounts of plastic end up in the oceans every year where they fragment into microplastics over time. During this process, microplastics and their associated plasticizers become available for ingestion by different organisms. This study assessed the effects of microplastics (Polyethylene terephthalate PET) and one plasticizer (Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate DEHP) on mortality, productivity, population sizes and gene expression of the calanoid copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris. Copepods were exposed to DEHP for 48h to assess toxicity. Adults were very healthy following chemical exposure (up to 5120µg L
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2724
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.ICESJMS.2006.03.012
Abstract: We studied the genetic stock structure of Scomberomorus commerson (locally called kingfish) using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing analyses of mtDNA s les from seven locations within the ROPME sea area (Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Arabian Sea). A 475-bp segment from the D-loop region was screened in 218 s les using six restriction enzymes, resulting in 22 composite haplotypes. Mean nucleotide ersity for the seven populations was 0.025 (±0.000). An AMOVA comparison among groups of in iduals inside and outside the Gulf showed 0.49% variation (p = 0.201), whereas the variation of populations within these groups was 0.05% (p = 0.408). The mean FST value for population pairwise comparisons was 0.010. To further resolve genealogies, sequence analysis was performed on a 330-bp fragment from the same segment for 193 fish. The genetic variance estimated across all populations was similar to the RFLP data, indicating a homogeneous distribution consistent with a single intermingling genetic stock. Based on the genetic marker tested, the null hypothesis that kingfish within the ROPME sea area constitutes a single stock cannot be rejected, but considering that a few migrating fish can reduce heterogeneity to where genetic drift is undetectable, panmixia cannot be confirmed. The results cautiously suggest that adopting a single-stock model and regional shared management are appropriate for sustainable long-term use of this important resource. More rigorous genetic testing using additional neutral markers, and mark-recapture experiments to detect spatial movement patterns, are recommended to further elucidate any stock substructure.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.12762
Abstract: Christmas Island is located at the overlap of the Indian and Pacific Ocean marine provinces and is a hot spot for marine hybridization. Here, we evaluate the ecological framework and genetic consequences of hybridization between butterflyfishes Chaetodon guttatissimus and Chaetodon punctatofasciatus. Further, we compare our current findings to those from a previous study of hybridization between Chaetodon trifasciatus and Chaetodon lunulatus. For both species groups, habitat and dietary overlap between parental species facilitate frequent heterospecific encounters. Low abundance of potential mates promotes heterospecific pair formation and the breakdown of assortative mating. Despite similarities in ecological frameworks, the population genetic signatures of hybridization differ between the species groups. Mitochondrial and nuclear data from C. guttatissimus × C. punctatofasciatus (1% ergence at cyt b) show bidirectional maternal contributions and relatively high levels of introgression, both inside and outside the Christmas Island hybrid zone. In contrast, C. trifasciatus × C. lunulatus (5% cyt b ergence) exhibit unidirectional mitochondrial inheritance and almost no introgression. Back-crossing of hybrid C. guttatissimus × C. punctatofasciatus and parental genotypes may eventually confound species-specific signals within the hybrid zone. In contrast, hybrids of C. trifasciatus and C. lunulatus may coexist with and remain genetically distinct from the parents. Our results, and comparisons with hybridization studies in other reef fish families, indicate that genetic distance between hybridizing species may be a factor influencing outcomes of hybridization in reef fish, which is consistent with predictions from terrestrially derived hybridization theory.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-1994
DOI: 10.1136/JMG.31.3.219
Abstract: Evidence for linkage has been sought, in four pedigrees with Crouzon syndrome, between polymorphic markers known to be linked to the Saethre-Chotzen locus on 7p and another form of autosomal dominant craniosynostosis on 5q. The data we present exclude Crouzon syndrome as an allelic variant at either of these known craniosynostosis loci.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-02-2013
DOI: 10.3390/D5010039
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2009.01904.X
Abstract: Of the 5000 fish species on coral reefs, corals dominate the diet of just 41 species. Most (61%) belong to a single family, the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae). We examine the evolutionary origins of chaetodontid corallivory using a new molecular phylogeny incorporating all 11 genera. A 1759-bp sequence of nuclear (S7I1 and ETS2) and mitochondrial (cytochrome b) data yielded a fully resolved tree with strong support for all major nodes. A chronogram, constructed using Bayesian inference with multiple parametric priors, and recent ecological data reveal that corallivory has arisen at least five times over a period of 12 Ma, from 15.7 to 3 Ma. A move onto coral reefs in the Miocene foreshadowed rapid cladogenesis within Chaetodon and the origins of corallivory, coinciding with a global reorganization of coral reefs and the expansion of fast-growing corals. This historical association underpins the sensitivity of specific butterflyfish clades to global coral decline.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2006.04.024
Abstract: Inter-specific genetic relationships among regional populations of two species of grouper (Plectropomus maculatus and Plectropomus leopardus) were examined using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. mtDNA revealed contrasting regional inter-specific patterns whilst nuclear markers revealed contrasting patterns among markers, irrespective of region. In eastern Australia (EA) the species form a single mtDNA lineage, but the two species are reciprocally monophyletic in Western Australia (WA). This supports previous evidence for hybridisation between these species on the east coast. WA P. leopardus forms a sister relationship with the EA P. leopardus-maculatus clade while WA P. maculatus is more basal and sister to the P. leopardus lineages, indicating mtDNA does not suffer from incomplete lineage sorting for these species. In contrast, one of three nuclear markers (locus 7-90TG) differentiated the species into two reciprocally monophyletic clades, with no evidence of hybridisation or ancestral polymorphism. The remaining two nuclear markers (2-22 and ETS-2) did not separate these two species, while distinguishing other plectropomid species, suggesting incomplete lineage sorting at these nuclear loci. These results together with coalescence analyses suggest that P. leopardus females have hybridised historically with P. maculatus males and that P. maculatus mitochondria were displaced through introgressive hybridisation and fixation in the P. maculatus founder population on the Great Barrier Reef. The contrasting regional patterns of mtDNA structure may be attributed to Quaternary sea-level changes and shelf width differences driving different reef configurations on each coast. These reef configurations have provided opportunities for local scale interaction and reproduction among species on the narrower EA continental shelves, but not on the broader WA continental shelves.
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Date: 17-07-2013
DOI: 10.1242/BIO.20135496
Abstract: The otx2 gene encodes a transcription factor (OTX2) essential in the formation of the brain and sensory systems. Specifically, OTX2-positive cells are associated with axons in the olfactory system of mice and otx2 is upregulated in odour-exposed zebrafish, indicating a possible role in olfactory imprinting. In this study, otx2 was used as a candidate gene to investigate the molecular mechanisms of olfactory imprinting to settlement cues in the coral reef anemonefish, Amphiprion percula. The A. percula otx2 (Ap-otx2) gene was elucidated, validated, and its expression tested in settlement-stage A. percula by exposing them to behaviourally relevant olfactory settlement cues in the first 24 hours post-hatching, or daily throughout the larval phase. In-situ hybridisation revealed expression of Ap-otx2 throughout the olfactory epithelium with increased transcript staining in odour-exposed settlement-stage larval fish compared to no-odour controls, in all scenarios. This suggests that Ap-otx2 may be involved in olfactory imprinting to behaviourally relevant settlement odours in A. percula.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1994
Abstract: To date, 32 cases of partial 7p monosomy have been described, 14 of which have been associated with craniosynostosis (CRS). There is considerable variation in the size and location of the deleted segment. However, CRS appears to be consistently associated with either a deletion or partial deletion 7p21-->7p22 or more rarely a deletion of 7p13-->7p14. Analysis of a panel of six 7p deletion cases (three with CRS) was undertaken using informative DNA probes, in order to characterize and define the extent of the deletions at the molecular level. There were five de novo deletions and one resulting from the unbalanced product of a paternal balanced insertion. The putative proximal CRS locus at 7p13-->7p14 does not appear to be allelic with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. Three probe positions have been refined: pJ5.11 (D7S10) previously mapped to 7p14-->pter does not appear to map proximal to p15 TM102L (D7S135) does not map distal to p22 CRI-P137 (D7S65) maps distal to 7p13.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-0026
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.83
Abstract: Natural hybridization is widespread among coral reef fishes. However, the ecological promoters and evolutionary consequences of reef fish hybridization have not been thoroughly evaluated. Butterflyfishes form a high number of hybrids and represent an appropriate group to investigate hybridization in reef fishes. This study provides a rare test of terrestrially derived hybridization theory in the marine environment by examining hybridization between Chaetodon trifasciatus and C. lunulatus at Christmas Island. Overlapping spatial and dietary ecologies enable heterospecific encounters. Nonassortative mating and local rarity of both parent species appear to permit heterospecific breeding pair formation. Microsatellite loci and mtDNA confirmed the status of hybrids, which displayed the lowest genetic ersity in the s le and used a reduced suite of resources, suggesting decreased adaptability. Maternal contribution to hybridization was unidirectional, and no introgression was detected, suggesting limited, localized evolutionary consequences of hybridization. Comparisons to other reef fish hybridization studies revealed that different evolutionary consequences emerge, despite being promoted by similar factors, possibly due to the magnitude of genetic distance between hybridizing species. This study highlights the need for further enquiry aimed at evaluating the importance and long‐term consequences of reef fish hybridization.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2016.02.012
Abstract: Groupers (family Epinephelidae) are a clade of species-rich, biologically erse reef fishes. Given their ecological variability and widespread distribution across ocean basins, it is important to scrutinize their evolutionary history that underlies present day distributions. This study investigated the patterns and processes by which grouper bio ersity has been generated and what factors have influenced their present day distributions. We reconstructed a robust, time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of Epinephelidae with comprehensive (∼87%) species s ling, whereby ersification rates were estimated and ancestral ranges were reconstructed. Our results indicate that groupers originated in what is now the East Atlantic during the mid-Eocene and erged successively to form six strongly supported main clades. These clades differ in age (late Oligocene to mid-Miocene), geographic origin (West Atlantic to West Indo-Pacific) and temporal-spatial ersification pattern, ranging from constant rates of ersification to episodes of rapid radiation. Overall, ergence within certain biogeographic regions was most prevalent in groupers, while vicariant ergences were more common in Tropical Atlantic and East Pacific groupers. Our findings reveal that both biological and geographical factors have driven grouper ersification. They also underscore the importance of scrutinizing group-specific patterns to better understand reef fish evolution.
Start Date: 03-2011
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $340,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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